Principles of Tooth Preparation in FPD
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AME DENTAL COLLEGE RAICHUR, KARNATAKAPrinciples of Tooth Preparation in FPD
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AME DENTAL COLLEGE RAICHUR, KARNATAKAPRINCIPLES OF TOOTH
PREPARATION
• Dr. Shalini Joshi
• Dept. of Prosthodontics
• AME’s Dental College Raichur
• Tooth preparation: is defined as the
mechanical treatment of dental disease or
injury to hard tissues that restores a tooth to
original form. (Tylman)
PRINCIPLES OF TOOTH PREPARATION
(According to Rosenstiel)
BIOLOGIC
MECHANICAL
Conservation of tooth
structure Retention form
Avoidance of over contouring Resistance form
Supra gingival margins Deformation
Harmonious occlusion
Protection against tooth
fracture
ESTHETIC
Minimum display of metal
Maximum thickness of
porcelain
Porcelain occlusal
surfaces
Subgingival margins
Optimal restoration
PRINCIPLES OF TOOTH
PREPARATION
1. PRESERVATION OF TOOTH
STRUCTURE
2. RETENTION AND RESISTANCE
3. STRUCTURAL DURABILITY
4. MARGINAL INTEGRITY
5. PRESERVATION OF PERIODONTIUM
PRESERVATION OF TOOTH
STRUCTURE
• Partial veneer
versus Full veneer
crown
• Supra-gingival
margin versus sub-
gingival
RETENTION AND RESISTANCE
• Retention prevents removal of
the restoration along the path of
insertion or long axis of the
tooth preparation.
• Resistance prevents
dislodgement of the restoration
by forces directed in an apical
or oblique direction and
prevents any movement of the
restoration under occlusal
forces.
• Retention and resistance are
interrelated and often
inseparable qualities.
RETENTION
• The essential element of
retention is two opposing
vertical surfaces of the
same preparation.
• These may be external
surfaces such as the
buccal and lingual walls
of a full veneer crown
(sleeve retention).
RETENTION
• The opposing surfaces
can also be internal,
such as the buccal and
lingual walls of the
proximal box of an inlay.
• An intracoronal
restoration resists
displacement by wedge
retention.
• Many restorations are a
combination of the two
types.
RETENTION AND RESISTANCE
1. Taper
2. Freedom of
displacement
3. Length
4. Substitution of
internal features
5. Path of insertion
TAPER
• The axial walls must taper slightly
to permit the restoration to seat;
i.e. the two opposing external
walls must gradually converge or
the opposing internal walls must
gradually diverge occlusally.
2.5 -6.5 degree taper is optimum
To minimise stress concentration
in cement interface
TAPER
• The two opposing
surfaces, each with a 3-
degree inclination would
give the preparation a
total of 6-degree taper.
TAPER
• Theoretically, the
more nearly parallel
the opposing walls
of a preparation, the
greater is the
retention.
• Parallel are impossible to create TAPER
in the mouth without producing
preparation undercuts
• Why Tapered?
1. To visualize preparation walls
2 . To prevent undercuts
3 . To compensate for inaccuracies in the fabrication process
4. To permit complete seating of the restoration during cementation
TAPER
• Tooth preparation
taper should be kept
minimum because of
its adverse effect on
retention.
TAPER
• Optimum taper or total
convergence of 16 degrees achievable clinically while still
affording adequate retention.
• Low as 10 degrees on anterior teeth and as high as 22 degrees
on molar teeth.
cement creates weak bond
small teeth add grooves and boxes
FREEDOM OF DISPLACEMENT
> RETENTION & RESISTANCE < no. of path of removal
place groove & proximal box
LENGTH
> RETENTION & RESISTANCE < occlusogingival length
more surface area
less taper
Resists pivoting easily displaced
movement
Step like resisting areas
Single sloping plane
Arc of rotation is either
parallel with or directed
away from tooth
SUBSTITUTION OF INTERNAL FEATURES
> RETENTION & RESISTANCE groove
proximal box
pin hole
PATH OF INSERTION (POI)
Imaginary line along which restoration will be placed onto/
removed from the
preparation.
UNDERCUT IS UNDETECTED
12 “ AWAY WITH ONE EYE BINOCULAR VISION
POI of ant PFM llel to long axis
? Labially
? Lingually
¾ post POI llel to long axis
¾ ant POI llel to incisal ½ to 2/3
Labial surface
llel to adjacent proximal contact
STRUCTURAL DURABILITY
• Restoration must contain bulk of material that is
adequate to withstand the forces of occlusion.
• This bulk must be confined to the space created
by the tooth preparation.
• Only this way the occlusion will be harmonious
and axial contours normal.
STRUCTURAL DURABILITY
1. Occlusal reduction
2. Functional cusp bevel
3. Axial reduction
STRUCTURAL DURABILITY
• Occlusal reduction : One of
the most important features
for providing adequate bulk
of metal and strength to the
restoration is occlusal
clearance.
• For gold alloys- 1.5 mm
clearance on the functional
cusp (lingual of maxillary
molars and premolars and
buccal of mandibular molars
and premolars ).
• 1mm clearance on the
nonfunctional cusp.
Occlusal Reduction
• The basic inclined
plane pattern of the
occlusal surface
duplicated to produce
adequate clearance
without over
shortening the
preparation.
• A flat occlusal surface
may over shorten the
preparation.
Inadequate Occlusal Reduction
• Makes the restoration weaker.
• will not provide adequate space to allow
good functional morphology under the
anatomical grooves.
• The restoration easily perforated by
finishing procedures or by wear in the
mouth.
FUNCTIONAL CUSP BEVEL
• An integral part of
occlusal reduction is the
functional cusp bevel.
• A wide bevel placed on
the functional cusp
provides space for an
adequate bulk of metal in
an area of heavy occlusal
contact.
Functional Cusp Bevel
Lack of functional cusp bevel may
produce several problems :
1. Can cause a thin area or
perforation.
2. May result in over contouring and
poor occlusion
3. Over inclination of the buccal
surface will destroy excessive
tooth structure reducing retention.
AXIAL REDUCTION
• Plays an important role in securing space
for an adequate thickness of the
restorative material.
• Inadequate axial reduction will have thin
walls subject to distortion or result in over
contouring the axial surface which could
lead to periodontal problems.
STRUCTURAL DURABILITY
• There are other
features that serve to
provide space for metal
that will improve the
rigidity and durability of
the restoration:
1. Offset
2. Occlusal shoulder
3. Isthmus
4. Proximal groove
5. Box
MARGINAL INTEGRITY
• The restoration margin
should closely adapt to
the cavosurface finish
line of the preparation to
survive in the oral
cavity.
MARGINAL INTEGRITY
• TO BEVEL,
OR ….
NOT TO BEVEL
25µm cement thickness
crown is displaced twice as 0.3mm gap
much as it would be with shoulder
FINISH LINE CONFIGURATION
Chamfer
Heavy chamfer
Shoulder
Radial shoulder
Shoulder with bevel
Knife edge
CHAMFER
• The preferred gingival finish
line for full veneer metal
restoration.
• This finish line exhibit least
stress to the underlying
cement.
• It can be cut with round-end
tapered diamond.
• Conservative type when
compared with shoulder
finish line.
Heavy chamfer
( 90 0 for all ceramic, forms enamel lip, not better than shoulder,
bevel can be added)
SHOULDER
SHOULDER BEVEL
Pro. Box of inlay, onlay, occ shoulder of onlay
& man ¾ crowns, PFM (gin esthetics not critical)
RADIAL SHOULDER
KNIFE EDGE
Acute metal margin, diff to wax & cast, over countered
restoration.
Lingual surface of man. Post. Teeth, convex axial surface,
tilted tooth.
PRESERVATION OF THE
PERIODONTIUM
• The placement of finish lines has a direct
bearing on the ease of fabrication and the
ultimate success of the restoration.
• The best results can be expected from
margins that are as smooth as possible
and are fully exposed to cleansing action.
MARGIN PLACEMENT
• Whenever possible the
finish line should be
placed in an area where
the margins can be
finished by the dentist
easily and kept clean by
the patient.
• In addition,finish lines
must be placed so that
they can be duplicated by
the impression without
tearing or deformation.
MARGIN PLACEMENT
• Finish line should be placed in enamel whenever
possible.
• Supra-gingival versus sub-gingival margin.
• Many situations in which sub-gingival margins are
unavoidable:
1. Caries
2. Trauma
3. To increase retention
4. Esthetics
5. Extension of previous
restoration
References
Fundamentals of fixed prosthodontics Ed.4th SHILLINGBURG[H.T]
Esthetics of Anterior Fixed Prosthodontics . CHICHE(GERARD J) and
PINAULT(ALAIN)
Planning and making crowns and bridges 4th Ed. SMITH
[[Link]] HOWE[LESLIE C]
Contemporary fixed prosthodontics Ed.3. ROSENSTIEL
Tylman's theory & practice of fixed prosthodontics. Ed 8. MALONE
[W.F.P]&KOTH[ D.L]
FAQ………
What is the difference between of the shoulder finish line and radial shoulder finish line?
What are the principles of tooth preparation?
Mention different types of finish lines?
Significance of structural durability?
Thank you