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Overview of the Sector Model Theory

The sector model of city development was proposed by Homer Hoyt in 1939 as a modification of the concentric zone model. It suggests that a city develops in sectors rather than rings, with land use zones influenced by radial transport routes like roads, railroads, and canals. Different sectors form for industry, low-income housing near industry, middle-class housing, and high-class housing on the outskirts. The model was applicable to many cities in the early 20th century but does not account for factors like private car ownership, edge cities, and changing importance of the central business district.

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Amjad ali
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197 views21 pages

Overview of the Sector Model Theory

The sector model of city development was proposed by Homer Hoyt in 1939 as a modification of the concentric zone model. It suggests that a city develops in sectors rather than rings, with land use zones influenced by radial transport routes like roads, railroads, and canals. Different sectors form for industry, low-income housing near industry, middle-class housing, and high-class housing on the outskirts. The model was applicable to many cities in the early 20th century but does not account for factors like private car ownership, edge cities, and changing importance of the central business district.

Uploaded by

Amjad ali
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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A

L
SECTOR
MODEL
E
C
T
U by
R
Dr. IJAZ AHMAD
E Department of City and Regional Planning
University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore

Dated: 30 November 2016


O
N
The concept was given by:

Homer
 
Hoyt
in

1939
 It is a modification of the 

CONCENTRIC
ZONE MODEL
of 

City
Development
A city develops in

SECTORS
and not in

RINGS
All land uses
except

the CBD

FORM SECTORS
around
The land use zones
are

INFLUENCED
by

radial transport
routes
this model include the fact it
allows for an

OUTWARD
PROGRESSION
OF GROWTH
DIFFERENT
SECTORS
INDUSTRY

 It follows rivers, canals,


railroad, drains, or roads

 Majority of low class


worker work here

 Paid little and bad


LOW CLASS
RESIDENTIAL
 Low Income Housing

 Near railroads that feed factories

 Inhabitants tend to work in factories

 Live near to industry to reduce transportation costs

 Pollution or poor environmental conditions due to


industry
(traffic, noise and pollution make it cheap)
MIDDLE CLASS
RESIDENTIAL
 More desirable area because it is
bit far from industry and pollution

 Access to transportation lines for


working people who work in CBD,
making transport easier

 Largest residential area


HIGH CLASS
RESIDENTIAL
 Housing on outer most edge

 Far away from industry

 Quiet, clean, less traffic

 Corridor or spine extending from


CBD to edge has best housing
LIMITATIONS
 The theory is based on early twentieth
century rail transport and does not make
allowances for private cars that enable
commuting from cheaper land outside city
boundaries

 This occurred in Calgary (Canadian city) in the


1930s when many slums were established
outside the city but close to the termini
(stations, ends) of the street car lines. These are
now incorporated into the city boundary but
are pockets of low cost housing in medium
cost areas
 The theory also does not take into
account the new concepts of edge
cities and boom burbs (prosperous,
flourishing, successful), which began to

emerge in the 1980s, after the


creation of the model.

 The traditional Central Business


District has diminished in
importance as many retail and
office buildings have moved into
the suburbs.
 Physical features - physical
features may restrict or direct
growth along certain wedges
(blocks, sections, segments)

 The theory too lacks the idea


based on land topography.
APPLICATION
This model applies to numerous British cities.

For example, it is applied to the city of Newcastle Upon Tyne reasonably


accurately. This may be because of the age of the cities when
transportation was a key limitation, as a general rule older cities follow
the Hoyt model

Chicago in America

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