Distribution Line Protection Overview
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AGM E&C Narayanganj PBS-2Distribution Line Protection Overview
Uploaded by
AGM E&C Narayanganj PBS-2- Introduction
- Session 1: Mechanical and Electrical Protection
- Session 2: Fault Protection
- Session 3: Grounding and Faults
- Session 4: Maintenance Procedures
- Session 5: Line Maintenance Tools
Distribution Line Protection and Maintenance
Presented By
MD GOLAM MOWLA
Executive Engineer( Grid, System Protection and Energy Audit)
Session-1
A. Mechanical Protection
Push Pole
Guy wire
H-Pole
B. Electrical Protection
DOFC
FUSE
MCB
ACR/OCR
LA
CAPACITORBANK
Automatic Voltage Regulator
Session-2
Over Current and earth fault Protection
connection diagram of O/C & E/F Relay (3PO/C+EF) , (2P O/C+EF)
Under and over voltage protection
Directional protection
protection of radial Feeder
Parallel feeder
Ring main system
Time graded Over current and earth fault protection
Characteristic curve
plug setting multiplier
time setting multiplier
Relay co-ordination 'distribution
Session-3
Transformer Grounding
Pole Grounding
Equipment Grounding
Types of Faults
Remedy of Fault
Fault current Calculation
Fault Clearing time and safety Margin
Session-4
A. Maintenance Procedure
Schedule Maintenance
Preventive Maintenance
. Breakdown or Emergency Maintenance
B. Right of way
Session-5
Necessary Testing and Maintenance tools for Line Maintenance
Megger (High Insulation Tester)
Earth Tester
Clip on Meter
Multi meter
Chain Block 2 ton
Ratchet I ton
Conductor cutter
Hot Stick
Wrench set
Insulated pliers
Allen key set
Tree Trimming Saw
Safety belt, Helmet o Safety Gloves etc.
A. Mechanical Protection of Distribution line
Push Pole
A. Mechanical Protection of Distribution line
Guy Wire
A. Mechanical Protection of Distribution line
H-Pole
A. Mechanical Protection of Distribution line
H-Pole
B. Electrical Protection of Distribution line
ACR/OCR
In electric power distribution, automatic circuit reclosers (ACRs) are a class of switchgear
which is designed for use on overhead electricity distribution networks to detect and interrupt
momentary faults. Also known as reclosers or autoreclosers, ACRs are essentially high voltage
rated circuit breakers with integrated current and voltage sensors and a protection relay,
optimized for use as an overhead network distribution protection asset. Commercial ACRs are
governed by the ANSI/IEEE C37.60, IEC 62271-111 and IEC 62271-200 standards. The three
major classes of operating voltage are 15.5 kV, 27 kV and 38 kV.
B. Electrical Protection of Distribution line
ACR/OCR
B. Electrical Protection of Distribution line
ACR/OCR
B. Electrical Protection of Distribution line
ACR/OCR
Recloser interrupting mediums
Oil interrupters
Reclosers using oil for current interruption use the same oil for basic insulation. Some reclosers with hydraulic
control also utilize the same oil for timing and counting functions
Vacuum interrupters
Vacuum interrupters provide fast, low-energy arc interruption with long contact and interrupter life, low
mechanical stress, and maximum operating safety. With arc interruption taking place in a vacuum, contact and
interrupter life far exceeds other interrupting media.
Depending on type, a vacuum recloser may use oil, air, or epoxy as the insulating medium.
Single-phase reclosers are used to protect single-phase lines such as branches or taps of a
three-phase feeder. They can also be used on three-phase circuits where the load is
predominantly single-phase. When a permanent phase-to-ground fault occurs, one phase
can be locked-out while service is maintained to the remaining two-thirds of the system.
Due to the lighter weight of the single-phase recloser compared to larger three-phase
reclosers, single-phase reclosers are typically mounted directly to the pole or substation
steel structure individually by the built-in mounting hanger bracket which eliminates the
need for an additional mounting frame.
Single-phase reclosers can be controlled with a hydraulic control (integrated within the
recloser tank), or an electronic control (housed in a separate enclosure) based upon the
recloser design.
Automatic Voltage Regulator
Under Voltage Protection(27)
Over Voltage Protection(59)
What causes over voltages?
Power system surges. Due to poor regulation of the power source or power utility company, voltage
fluctuations either over or under may occur. ...
Insulation Failure. ...
Arcing Ground. ...
Resonance. ...
External causes.
Over voltage protection is a power supply feature which shuts down the supply, or clamps the output, when the
voltage exceeds a preset level. Most power supplies use an over-voltage protection circuit to prevent damage to
the electronic components.
What is Over Voltage Protection(59)
Over voltage protection is a power supply feature which shuts down the supply, or clamps the
output, when the voltage exceeds a preset level. Most power supplies use an over-voltage
protection circuit to prevent damage to the electronic components.
What Is Under voltage? Under voltage conditions are usually be caused by undersized or
overloaded utility and facility transformers. During peak demand periods and/or when the
utility is experiencing problems, the demand for power exceeds the capability of the
transformer and as a result the voltage drops.
Under Voltage Protection(27)
Over Voltage Protection(59)
Under voltage protection is commonly used to. protect motors from damage during abnormal conditions and to
prevent breaker-fed motors from re-accelerating after a restoration of bus voltage
Example :-Under Voltage Protection settings
Characteristics-Definite time
Operation Mode-1/3,2/3,3/3
U1<90% of 11 KVolt
T1-5 sec-Alarm
U1<85% of 11KV
T2=1 sec
Example-Over Voltage Protection(59)
Parameter settings of over voltage
Characteristics-Definite time
Operation Mode-1/3,2/3,3/3
U1>110% of 11 KVolt
T1-5 sec-Alarm
U1<120 % of 11KV
T2=1 sec
Over current and earth fault protection
IB IY IR 50/51 IR IY IB
50/51
IN 50N/51N IN
50N/51N
01/19/2023 56
1S1
1S3 Protection
1S2
2S1
2S3 Metering
2S2
3S1 Differential
3S3 Protection
3S2
4S1
4S3 Main Bus
4S2 Protection
5S1
Reserve Bus
5S3
Protection
5S2
51N Earth fault Line and Transformer(1P-E,,PP-E,3P-E)IDMT
50/50N High speed OC/EF Line and Transformer(all O/C and E/F)-DMT
67P/67N Directional OC/EF Line and Transformer(all O/C and E/F
87T [Link] Transformer(HV-LV,ALL,2ND Harmonic,5th harmonic,cross-
blocking,over-excitation)DMT
87L Line DIff UG CABLE, Short Dist,Line charging current,
87N REF Star side of TR
87B Bus Differential
25 Synch Check Parallel line & TR
27 Under Voltage Line
59 Over Voltage Line and Transformer
49 Thermal Over Load Line
21 Distance( Zone of protection-
z1 to z4,load encroachment,
phase selection, Power swing
blocking,PUT,POT,DTT,EF
COM,ZCOM,1P-ARC,3P-
ARC,67,67N)
79
