GROUPED
DATA
Practical Research 2
Senior High School Applied - Academic
What is the
importance of
describing a set
of data using
descriptive
statistics?
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● Accurately describe a given set
Learning of data using descriptive
Objectives statistics.
At the end of the
lesson, you should be ● Correctly apply statistical
able to do the
following: analysis in a set of data.
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How many hours, on average, do you study
each day?
Calculate for the mean of the given data:
___________________ hours
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Name Average Number of Hours Studying
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GROUPED DATA
Grouped data are data formed by aggregating
individual observations of a variable into
groups, so that a frequency distribution of
these groups serves as a convenient means of
summarizing or analyzing the data
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● These are used to measure the
middle value of the data.
Measures
of Central
Tendency ● These include the mean,
median, and mode.
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Measures of Central Tendency - MEAN
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f x fx
1-10 3
11-20 5
21-30 3
31-40 6
41-50 8
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Measures of Central Tendency - MEDIAN
Where: lbmc = lower limit of median class
Σf = total number of observations
<cf = cumulative frequency of the class
preceding the median class
fmc = frequency of the median class
i = class size
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Measures of Central Tendency - MEDIAN
Median class – class with the smallest
cumulative frequency greater than or
equal to one-half of the total frequency
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f cf
1-10 3
11-20 5
21-30 3
31-40 6
41-50 8
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Measures of Central Tendency = MODE
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Measures of Central Tendency = MODE
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f
1-10 3
11-20 5
21-30 3
31-40 6
41-50 8
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● These measure how spread
out the scores are.
Measures
of
● These include the range,
Variability
standard deviation, and
sample variability.
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Measures of Variability - RANGE
f
1-10 3
11-20 5
21-30 3
31-40 6
41-50 8
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Measures of Variability – STANDARD DEVIATION
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Measures of Variability – STANDARD DEVIATION and
SAMPLE VARIANCE
f m fm m- (m- )2 (m- )2
1-10 3
11-20 5
21-30 3
31-40 6
41-50 8
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This refers to the estimate of
Standard the standard deviation of a
Error sample.
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Karl Pearson developed two methods to find skewness in a
sample.
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Kurtosis
1. Get the mean
2. Get the x-mean ^4
3. Get the standard deviation
4. Substitute the data
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Kurtosis
Standard Deviation
20
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31
15
10
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Kurtosis
20
24
31
15
10
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Why is it important to
determine the
distribution of the data?
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Example
Gino wants to analyze the distribution of the daily
sales of his store for the past 200 days. He solved for
its skewness and kurtosis and found that they are
0.23 and 0.56, respectively.
What do those values tell us about the distribution of
the data?
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Tips
To easily describe a set of data
and ensure its accuracy, it is best
to use spreadsheets or online
calculators rather than doing it by
hand.
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Practice
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Solution
The mean of ______ shows that most
of the scores of the students are
close to ______.
The standard error of ______ shows that
if a sample is drawn from the
population, the sample mean can differ from
the population mean by ______.
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Solution
The kurtosis of ______ shows that
the data is mesokurtic. The broadness of
the curve is normal.
The skewness of ______ shows that
the curve is barely negatively skewed
but still normally distributed.
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Quick Check
What method/s can you
use to describe the
variability of your data?
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QUIZ
GET THE FOLLOWING PER ITEM:
• Measures of Central Tendency
• Measures of Variability
• Standard Error
• Skewness
• Kurtosis
GIVE YOUR ANALYSIS ON THE STANDARD ERROR, SKEWNESS
AND KURTOSIS
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QUIZ
1. 82, 23, 59, 94, 70, 26, 32, 83, 87, 94, 32
2. 10, 20, 30, 40, 50,60, 70, 80, 90, 100
3. 83, 93, 77, 33, 62, 28, 23
4. 8.1, 9.2, 10.5, 8.9, 11.11
5. 31, 25, 92, 29, 25, 31, 69
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Quick Check
What is the importance of
describing a set of data
using descriptive
statistics?
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Challenge!
Which statistical tools would you choose to
describe the grades of your class in
Practical Research and what would you be
able to describe with your choices?
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Wrap Up
Descriptive statistics are brief descriptive
coefficients that summarize a given data
set, which can be a representation of either
the entire or a sample of a population.
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Wrap Up
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Bibliography
Alberca, Alfredo Sanchez. n.d. “Exercises of Descriptive Statistics.” Aprende con Alf.
Accessed January 10, 2019. [Link]
Brown, Stan. 2008. “Measures of Shape: Skewness and Kurtosis.” Brown Math. Updated May 22, 2016.
[Link]
Chen, James. 2019. “Skewness.” Investopedia. Last modified November 19, 2019.
[Link]
Kenton, Will. 2019. “Kurtosis.” Investopedia. Last modified February 17, 2019.
[Link]
———. 2019. “Descriptive Statistics Definition.” Investopedia. Last modified June 27, 2019.
[Link]
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Bibliography
Minitab, LLC. 2019. “How Skewness and Kurtosis Affect your Distribution.”
[Link]
Pierce, Rod. 2019. “Definition of Mode.” Maths is Fun. [Link]
.
———. 2018. "Median Definition (Illustrated Mathematics Dictionary)." Math Is Fun.
[Link]
Radford University. n.d. “201 Sample Problems Descriptive Statistics.” Accessed January 10, 2019.
[Link]
20practice%20problems%[Link]
.
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