Knowledge University
College of Science
DMLS
Mycology- 3rd level
Prof. Dr. Salah Mahdi
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Mycology-…1st term…2021/2022
Dr. Salah Mahdi Saleem
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Definition of fungi
• Fungi (singular fungus) are almost multicellular (mold). The unicellular
fungus named(yeast), fungi are heterotrophic (deriving their energy
and food from another organism, whether a live or dead), and usually
having one nucleus per cell (uninucleate), rarely with two nuclei .
While (multinucleate) with some classes.
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• Differences between fungi and Plants
• Differences between fungi and Animals
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• Hyphae= Long chains of cells that are aggregated into mats termed
"mycelium.“
• Septum = cross wall divides hyphae in to cells.
• Conidiophore= a specific hyphae bears conidia.
• Conidia (pl.) = asexual spores (conidium=single)
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• Coenocytic hypha= are nonseptate, also called aseptate, meaning they are one long cell that is not
divided into compartments.
• Arthrospores= Arthrospores formed by septation and fragmentation of an existing hypha.
• Chlamydospores=are a type of resting (survival) spore. An intercalary or apical
hyphal cell or compartment enlarges rounds up and develops a thickened, often
pigmented wall.
• Metula = the cells forming branches of the conidiophores and bearing verticils of conidiogenous cells
• Thallus= a fungal body that is not differentiated into stem and leaves and lacks true roots and a
vascular system. Thalli are typical of algae, fungi, lichens, and some liverworts
• Homothallic= ?
• Heterothallic= ?
• Clamp connection = A bridge-like hyphal connection
involved in maintaining the dikaryotic condition,
stages of clamp connection
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• Biology includes many branches as well as mycology, which is concerned with the
study of fungi.
• The study includes their, genetic and biochemical properties, their taxonomy, use
and importance to humans as a source of medicine, food,, as well as their dangers,
such as poisoning or infection, destruction of food, lumber, paper, cloth, toxins
produced by poisonous mushrooms and within food (Mycetism and Mycotoxicosis)
• 1-Fungal genetic
• 2-Fungal taxonomy
• 3-Indesterial fungi
• 4-Mycotoxicology
• 5-Plant pathology
• 6-Medical mycology
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Importance of fungi (Home work)
• The fungi are of great economic importance on account of their both
harmful as well as beneficial affects:
• 1- Importance for the environment. (ecological importance)
• 2- Importance in the agriculture.(phytopathogen)
• 3- Importance in the industry.(producing –Enzymes, Organic acids, etc)
• 4- Importance in the medicine.(pharmacy)
• 5- Importance as food.(edible fungi)
• 6- Importance as human infectious agents. ( human diseases)
• 7- Importance for genetic researches.
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• Fungi are widely distributed in nature including soil, air, and water, decaying
organic debris of plant or animal.
• There are approximately 400,000 known types of fungi (about 1.5 million the
total)..
• Most true fungi have a cell wall consisting largely of chitin and other
polysaccharides. True fungi do not have cellulose in their cell walls, but some
fungus-like organisms do.
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Hierarchical Classification(ranks)
a system in which people or things
are arranged according to their importance
Kingdom Fungi
Phylum Basidiomycota
Class Basidiomycetes
Order Agaricales
Family Agaricaceae
Genus Agaricus
Species:
Agaricus campestris L.
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