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Mechanical Engineering: Loading & Stress Analysis

This chapter discusses mechanical engineering concepts related to solid mechanics. It introduces different types of basic loading conditions like tension, compression, shear, and torsion. It explains that when a bar is extended under tension, its width contracts in the Poisson effect. Hooke's law is also presented, which states that stress is directly proportional to strain, where the constant of proportionality is Young's modulus. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to calculate stress, strain, shear stress, and Young's modulus. The objectives are to differentiate loading conditions, understand the Poisson effect, and apply Hooke's law to basic situations.

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Rafi Mahmoud Sulaiman
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4 views8 pages

Mechanical Engineering: Loading & Stress Analysis

This chapter discusses mechanical engineering concepts related to solid mechanics. It introduces different types of basic loading conditions like tension, compression, shear, and torsion. It explains that when a bar is extended under tension, its width contracts in the Poisson effect. Hooke's law is also presented, which states that stress is directly proportional to strain, where the constant of proportionality is Young's modulus. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to calculate stress, strain, shear stress, and Young's modulus. The objectives are to differentiate loading conditions, understand the Poisson effect, and apply Hooke's law to basic situations.

Uploaded by

Rafi Mahmoud Sulaiman
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

EML 3004C

CHAPTER 10

Mechanical Engineering and Solid


Mechanics

Namas Chandra
Introduction to Mechanical engineering Chapter 10-1
EML 3004C

Objectives

Differentiate between the different types of basic loading conditions.


Understand how extension of a bar is associated with lateral contraction of the
same bar
Apply Hooke’s Law to basic loading conditions

Sections

10.1 Introduction
10.2 Tension, Compression, Shear, and Torsion
10.3 The Poisson Effect
10.4 Hooke’s Law
10.5 Summary

Namas Chandra
Introduction to Mechanical engineering Chapter 10-2
EML 3004C

10.1 Introduction
 Given all loads/moments on the given body, to determine deformation
(deflection) and stresses.
 We may also find the allowable loading when failure may occur
 A body is loaded, it deforms; but upon complete unloading body may either
return back to its original state
Then it is elastic- Else Inelastic (plastic)
ELASTIC

INELASTIC

Namas Chandra
Introduction to Mechanical engineering Chapter 10-3
EML 3004C

10.2 Tension, Compression, Shear, and


Torsion

P lb N
Stress,  = Unit is 2 (psi) or 2
A in m
L
Strain,  = (no dimensions)
Lo
If the load is used to extend the rod, it is tension
If the bar is pulled inside, it is compression (A -ve sign is used)

Namas Chandra
Introduction to Mechanical engineering Chapter 10-4
EML 3004C

10.2.1 Shear Force


A body under shear will have an angle change
If  is the shear stress acting over an area A and
Fs is the applied force, then
Fs

A

Namas Chandra
Introduction to Mechanical engineering Chapter 10-5
EML 3004C

10.2.2 Shear Stress Example

 d2 (.5) 2 
A= = = in 2
4 4 16
p
Now Fs  = 2500
2
F 250lb
 avg = s =  16 in 2 = 1273.2 psi
A 

Namas Chandra
Introduction to Mechanical engineering Chapter 10-6
EML 3004C

10.3 Poisson Effect


When a body is under tension, the length increases but width (or
diameter decreases and this effect is called Poisson’s effect.
If  is the Poisson's ratio, then
lateral strain
 =-
longitudinal strain
The values of  are typically between 0.25 and 0.35.

Namas Chandra
Introduction to Mechanical engineering Chapter 10-7
EML 3004C

10.4 Hooke’s Law


In 1678, Hooke postulated
  E
6
10
E is Youngs modulus in Msi,( psi) or Gpa (Giga pascals).

Example
P 50000lb
  2
 3979 psi
A  4 / 4
L 0.006
=   0.0001
L o 5  12
 3979 psi
E=   39.79  106 psi
 0.0001
Namas Chandra
Introduction to Mechanical engineering Chapter 10-8

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