Cardiovascular System
The cardiovascular system
- is transport system of the body.
It comprises blood, heart and blood vessels.
The system supplies nutrients to and remove
waste products from various tissue of body.
The conveying media is liquid in form of blood
which flows in close tubular system.
FUNCTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR
Transport nutrients, hormones
Remove waste products
Gaseous exchange
Immunity
Blood vessels transport blood
◦ Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide
◦ Also carries nutrients and wastes
Heart pumps blood through blood vessels
PARTS OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
BLOOD
HEART
BLOOD VESSELS
BLOOD - fluid that transports oxygen and nutrients to the cells and
carries away carbon dioxide and other waste products.
Components of Blood:
1. .Plasma – the main component and consists mostly of water,
with proteins, ions, nutrients, and wastes mixed in.
2. Red blood cells- are responsible for carrying oxygen and carbon
dioxide.
[Link] – responsible for blood clotting.
[Link] blood cells- are part of the immune system and function
in immune process.
HEART
Heart is a four chambered, hollow muscular
organ approximately the size of your fist
Location:
Superior surface of diaphragm
Left of the midline
Anterior to the vertebral column, posterior to the
sternum
[Link] right atrium, to your upper left in diagram receives all the impure blood
from the body.
[Link] right ventricle pumps it into the lungs t get purified.
[Link] left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.
[Link] left ventricle pumps it to your brain, liver, muscles and all parts of the
body (except the lungs)
FUNCTIONS OF THE HEART
Generating blood pressure
Routing blood
Heart separates pulmonary and systemic
circulations
Ensuring one-way blood flow
Heart valves ensure one-way flow
Regulating blood supply
Changes in contraction rate and force match
blood delivery to changing metabolic needs
BLOOD VESSELS- A closed network of tubes
Types of blood vessels
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
BLOOD VESSELS
Arteries(Distributing channel)
Thick walled tubes
Elastic Fibers
Circular Smooth Muscle
Capillaries (microscopic vessels)
One cell thick
Serves the Respiratory System
Veins (draining channel)
CLASSIFICATION OF BLOOD VESSELS
Conducting Vessels
Distributing Vessels
Resistance Vessels
Exchange Vessels
Capacitance / Reservoir Vessels
ARTERIES
Blood vessels that carry blood away
from the heart are called arteries.
They are the thickest blood vessels
and they carry blood high in oxygen known
as oxygenated blood (oxygen rich blood).
ARTERIES
Accompanied by vein and nerves
Lumen is small
No valves
Repeated branching
CAPILLARIES (5-8 micron)
The smallest blood vessels
are capillaries and they connect
the arteries and veins.
This is where the exchange
of nutrients and gases occur
BODY CONTAINS TWO KINDS OF CAPILLARIES
CONTINUOUS-SKIN, LUNG, SMOOTH MUSCLE,
CONNECTIVE TISSUES
FENESTRATED- PANCREAS,ENDOCRINE GLANDS,
SMALL INTESTINE,CHOROID PLEXUS,CILLIARY
PROCESS etc.
VEINS
Blood vessels that carry blood
back to the heart are called veins.
They have one-way valves which
prevent blood from flowing backwards.
They carry blood that is high in carbon
dioxide known as deoxygenated
blood (oxygen poor blood).
VEINS -are a type of blood vessel that return deoxygenated
blood from your organs back to your heart.
Thin Walled
Large irregular lumen
Have valves
Types:
Large
Medium
Small
CIRCULATION
Coronary circulation – the circulation of blood
within the heart.
Pulmonary circulation – the flow of blood between
the heart and lungs.
Systemic circulation – the flow of blood between the
heart and the cells of the body.
SYSTEMIC AND PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Pulmonary circulation
-The flow of blood between
the heart and lungs.
Systemic circulation
-the flow of blood between
the heart and the cells of
the body.
CORONARY CIRCULATION: ARTERIAL
SUPPLY
Diseases and Disorders
BLOOD PRESSURE
HAEMORRHAGE/STROKE
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
ANEURYSM
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (CAD)
HEART ATTACK
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE (CHF)
ANEMIA, HEMOPHILIA, AND LEUKEMIA
How do Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems
Work together
The circulatory system and the respiratory system work closely
together to ensure that organ tissues receive enough oxygen.
Oxygen is required for cellular functions. The air breathed in and
held in the lungs is transferred to the blood. The blood is
circulated by the heart, which pumps the oxygenated blood from
the lungs to the body. Additionally, the two body systems work
together to remove carbon dioxide, which is a metabolic waste
product.