UNIVERSAL VALUES
AND
HUMAN SURVIVAL
ROJIM DILAO
KYLE REZZHIA ROBREDILLO
RONNELL BULSO
If a value has the same value or worth for everyone, it is said to
be [Link] values apply across the world (across
country, culture and religion).
The Universal values they are values that apply to all types of
human beings, regardless of their social, ethnic or cultural origin. A
value is considered universal when it goes beyond laws and
beliefs; rather, it is considered to have the same meaning for all
people and does not vary according to the societies.
The phrase "value" refers to something that a person or a
community considers is valuable enough to be pursued,
promoted, or favoured. This can be a physical object(money, food,
art), a mental state (peace, security, certainty), or a behavior
resulting from such objects or mental states (protecting innocents,
telling the truth, being creative).
Philosophers frequently focus on the word good when
discussing how we get from our desires to ourvalues. G. E. Moore
(1873-1958), a philosopher, contended that the term"good” cannot
be defined because there is no standard against which we may
determine what it means. He dubbed this incapacity to define
evaluative terms "the naturalistic fallacy, because it thinks that
evaluative terminology can match something in nature or reality.
UNIVERSAL VALUES
OR
CORE ETHICAL
VALUES
SIX BASIC ETHICAL IDEALS
1. TRUSTWORTHINESS
2. RESPECT
3. ACCOUNTABILITY
4. FAIRNESS
5. CARING
6. CETIZENSHIP
When we use key ethical values as the foundation for ethical
reasoning, we can spot circumstances where we are so focused
on defending one value that we compromise another - for
example, when we are loyal to friends and hence do not always
speak the truth about their conduct.
1. TRUSTWORTHINESS
There are 4 behavioral attributes that are associated with
trustworthiness some are:
1. HONESTY
2. INTEGRITY
3. RELIABILITY
4. LOYALTY
1. HONESTY
Honesty or truthfulness is a facet of moral character that
connotes positive and virtuous attributes such as integrity,
truthfulness, straightforwardness, including straightforwardness of
conduct, along with the absence of lying, cheating, theft, etc.
Honesty also involves being trustworthy, loyal, fair, and sincere.
Honesty in communications refers to the intention to
communicate the truth as best we can and to avoid
communicating in a way that is likely to deceive or mislead.
There are three dimensions to consider:
1. Truthfulness entails not purposefully distorting information
(lying). The distinction between truthfulness and truth itself is
intent. Being mistaken is not the same as lying, because even
honest mistakes can erode confidence.
2. Sincerity/non-deception - a sincere individual does not act, say
half-truths, or remain silent with the goal of instilling false or
misleading beliefs or impressions:
3. Stealing, cheating, fraud, and deception are all prohibited by
honesty in behavior. Cheating is not only unethical, but it also
takes advantage of those who aren't. It's a betrayal of faith and
justice. Even while all falsehoods are dishonest, not all of them
are immoral. Dishonesty is only permissible in a few situations.
2. INTEGRITY
An ethical individual makes the same decisions in every setting
– at work and at home, in public and alone. The person of integrity
devotes time to self-reflection so that the events, crises, and
demands of the day do not dictate the moral trajectory of their
lives.
The four adversaries of integrity are:
• Self-interest - what we want
• Self-protection - what we don't want
• Self-deception - a reluctance to view a situation clearly
• Self-righteousness - the idea that the end justifies the means.
3. RELIABILITY
When we make pledges or commitments to others, we have
ethical obligations that go beyond legal requirements. Promise-
keeping has an ethical dimension that requires us to make all
reasonable attempts to honor our promises.
It is also important to:
Avoid making bad-faith excuses
Honorable people don't explain disobedience or make up
excuses to get out of obligations.
Avoid making imprudent commitments
Think about whether you are willing and likely to keep a
promise before making one. Consider unforeseen or future
occurrences that could make keeping your pledge difficult,
unattractive, or [Link] we can do at times is pledge to
try our best.
Avoid ambiguous commitments
Because others will expect you to do what you say you'll do,
make sure the other person understands what you're promising
to do when you make a promise.
4. LOYALTY
It is defined as the act of advocating and safeguarding the
interests of a group of people, an organization, or a group of
associations. There is an expectation of loyalty in some
partnerships, such as husband-wife, employer-employee, and
citizen-country.
It should be prioritized. Because there are so many individuals
and organizations claiming our loyalty, it is often impossible to
honor all of them at the same time. As a result, we must assign a
numerical value to our loyalty commitments. In our
personal lives, it's completely acceptable and ethical to protect the
interests of our children, parents, and spouses, even if it means
putting other children, neighbors, or coworkers on the back burner.
Confidential Information Protection
We must maintain secrets or information obtained in
confidence in order to be loyal.
Conflicting Interests Should Be Avoided
Emplovees and public servants have an added duty to make all
professional judgments based on merit rather than personal
motives. Their purpose is to keep the public's faith in them.
2. RESPECT
Respect is about valuing everyone's inherent value and dignity,
including one’s own. Regardless of who they are or what they
have done, we have a moral obligation to treat them with respect.
Even when dealing with disagreeable people, we have a
responsibility to be the best we can be in all situations.
Respect is concerned with:
Respect, decency, and civility
A respectful person is a good [Link] people treat
others with attention, adhering to accepted standards of taste
and decency, and don't use intimidation, coercion, or violence to
teach discipline, maintain order, or accomplish social justice
unless in exceptional and limited circumstances.
Tolerance
An ethical person accepts and respects individual differences
and opinions, judging others solely on the basis of their
character.
3. RESPONSIBILITY
Responsibility is the ability to recognize, interpret and act upon
multiple principles and values according to the standards within a
given field and/or context.
There are numerous options available in life. Being responsible
entails taking control of our decisions and, as a result, our life. It
entails taking responsibility for what we do and who we are. It also
entails accepting that our actions, as well as our
inactions, have consequences.
4. ACCOUNTABILITY
Accountability is an acceptance of responsibility for honest and
ethical conduct towards others. In the corporate world, a
company's accountability extends to its shareholders, employees,
and the wider community in which it operates. In a wider sense,
accountability implies a willingness to be judged on performance.
An accountable person is not a victim, and he or she does not
transfer responsibility or take credit for others' labor.
Pursuit of Excellence
When others rely on our knowledge, competence, or
willingness to accomplish jobs safely and successfully, the pursuit
of excellence takes on an ethical component.
Diligence
Responsible people are trustworthy, cautious, well-prepared,
and well-informed.
Perseverance
Responsible people finish what they start, overcome hurdles
and making reasons rather than giving up.
Continuous Improvement
People that are responsible search for methods to improve
their work.
Self-Restraint
It is exercised by responsible people, who resist their desires
and cravings (such as lust, hatred, gluttony, greed and fear). If
necessary, they postpone gratification and never feel compelled to
"win at any costs.”
4. FAIRNESS
Fairness is the product of moral judgment – the process by
which people determine what is morally right and what is morally
wrong.
Fairness is a difficult idea to grasp. Disagreeing parties tend to
believe that only one position is correct: their own. While certain
situations and judgments are unquestionably unjust, fairness
usually refers to a range of morally defensible outcomes rather
than the discovery of a single fair one.
Process
A fair individual gathers and evaluates information in order to
make decisions in an open and unbiased manner. Fair individuals
don't wait for the truth to come to them; instead, they seek out
pertinent information and opposing viewpoints
before making critical decisions.
Impartiality
Decisions should be made without bias or preference.
Equity
Equity. It's crucial not to take advantage of other people's
[Link], or ignorance. In order to be fair, an
individual, a company, or a society must remedy mistakes quickly
and voluntarily.
5. CARING
Caring involves feelings, relationship, contends with other
persons and protecting others and causing least damage to
others.
Caring is at the heart of ethical behavior. It's difficult to be
completely ethical while being unconcerned about the welfare of
others. That's because, at the end of the day, ethics is about our
obligations to others. We must sometimes inflict suffering on those
we love, and certain decisions, while moral, do cause grief.
However, no more harm should be done than is absolutely
necessary.
6. CITIZENSHIP
The concept of citizenship encompasses how we should act as
members of a community. The good citizen not only knows and
obeys the laws, but also volunteers and keeps up with current
events. Citizens contribute far more than their "fair" share
to make society work today and in the future. Citizenship can take
numerous forms, including resource conservation, recycling,
public transit use, and litter cleanup.
Universal Values are necessary for human survival
Values that are universal are clear that we need for us human
beings to survive because it informs us our thoughts, actions, and
words. Universal values are helping us to grow our everyday as a
dignified person, it help us also to develop our skills, talents and
human dignity. Universal values also helping us to create better
future. Every one of us has the right and responsibility to make
good judgments every day.
Our values inform our thoughts, words and actions
Our values are significant because they enable us to develop
and grow. They assist us in imagining the future we want to live in.
Every day, every person and every organization is involved in
hundreds of decisions. Our choices reflect our values and ideas,
and they are always made with a specific goal in mind. The
satisfaction of our individual or collective (organizational) needs is
the goal.
We make a conscious decision to focus on what is important to
us when we make decisions based on our values. When a group's
ideals are shared, it creates internal cohesion.
4 CATEGORIES
OF VALUES
1. INDIVIDUAL VALUES
Individual values are the ideas you live by and what you deem
vital for your own self-interest. They represent how you show up in
your life and your individua demands. Enthusiasm, inventiveness,
humility, and personal fulfillment are examples of individual values
2. RELATIONSHIP VALUES
Relationship values reflect how you interact with others in your
life, whether they are friends, family, or coworkers. Openness,
trust, generosity, and care are all values that can be found in a
relationship.
3. ORGANIZATIONAL VALUES
The way your company presents itself and functions in the
world is reflected in its values. Financial growth, teamwork,
productivity, and strategic alliances are all organizational values.
4. SOCIETAL VALUES
The way you or your company interacts with society is reflected
in your societal values. Future generations, environmental
awareness, ecology, and sustainability are all societal values.
THANK YOU!