College of Engineering
Electrical Engineering Department
Names:
1) Arhem Abdulkader Arhem F17181
2) Hawa Mokhtar Rowfa F17230
2021-2022
Introduction
• Optimization is the art and science of allocating
scarcere sources to the best possible effect .
• Moving from world problem to the algorithm, model, or
solution techniques known as the real analysis .
Real world problem
Algorithm, Model, Solution Technique
Computer Implementation.
Artificial Bee Colony (ABC)
Algorithm
Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) is one of the most recently
defined algorithms by Dervis Karaboga in 2005, motivated
by the intelligent behaviour of honey bees. ABC as an
optimization tool provides a population-based search
procedure in which individuals called foods positions are
modified by the artificial bees with time and the bee's aim
is to discover the places of food sources with high nectar
amount and finally the one with the highest nectar.
Bee Be haviour
Bee system consists of two essential
components
1. Food Sources.
2. Foragers :
A. Unemployed foragers.
B. Employed foragers.
C. Experienced foragers.
The two essential factors that determine the development of
an ABC population are variation and selection.
The variation process explores diverse sections of the search
space. The selecting procedure guarantees that past
experiences are utilized.
The ABC algorithm is divided into four phases:
• the initialization phase.
• the employed bees phase.
• the scout.
• the onlooker bees phase.
ABC Algorithm
The ABC consists of four main phases:
Initialization Phase
The initial food sources are randomly produced via the expression
=+rand (0,1)*()……………………… (i)
Where u and are the upper & lower bound of the solution space of
objective function, rand (0, 1) is a random number within the range
[0, 1].
Employed Bee Phase
The neighbor food source is determined and calculated by the
following equation.
= + - )……………….(ii)
Where i is a randomly selected parameter index, x is a randomly
selected food source, is a random number within the range |-1, 1].
Onlooker Bee Phase
The quantity of a food source is evaluated by its profitability and the
profitability of all food sources. P is determined by the formula
= ..........(iii)
Where, )is the fitness of , Onlooker bees search the neighborhoods of
food source according to the expression.
= + - )……….(iv)
Scout Phase
The new solutions are randomly searched by the scout bees. The new
solution will be discovered by the scout by using the expression.
=+rand (0,1)*()………………………(v)
Where, rand (0, 1) is a random number within the range [0,1], , and are
the upper and lower bound of the solution space of objective function.
Flowchart
Advantages
• Simplicity, flexibility and robustness
• Ability to explore local solutions
• Ease of implementation
• Ability to handle the objective cost
• Population of solutions.
• High flexibility, which allows adjustments
• Broad applicability, even in complex functions
Limitations
• Lack of use of secondary information.
• Requires new fitness tests on the new algorithm
parameters.
• The possibility of losing relevant information.
• High number of objective function evaluations.
• Slow down when used in sequential processing.
• The population of solutions increases the
computational cost.
Applications
• Benchmarking Optimization.
• Bioinformatics application.
• Scheduling Applications.
• Clustering and Mining Applications.
• Image processing Applications.
• Economic Dispatch Problems.
• Engineering Designs and Applications.
MATLAB CODE
References
Books
• Lorenz T. Biegler, Nonlinear Programming: Concepts, Algorithms,to
Chemical Processes A. Astolfi, OPTIMIZATION An introduction
Research Papers
• Dervis Karaboga Bahriye Basturk, A powerful and efficient algorithm for
numerical function optimization: artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm J
Glob Optim (2007) 39:459-471
• Dervis Karaboga, Bahriye Akay, A comparative study of Artificial Bee Colony
algorithm, Applied Mathematics and Computation 214 (2009) 108-132
• Dr. Dharmender Kumar, Balwant Kumar, Optimization of Benchmark
Functions 3)Using Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) Algorithm, IOSR Journal of
Engineering (IOSRJEN), Vol. 3, Issue 10 (October. 2013), ||V4|| PP 09-14
Website:
• [Link]
• [Link]
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