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Understanding Chemical Elements and Atoms

Elements are the simplest substances made up of only one type of atom, with specific properties that cannot be broken down further. There are 118 known elements, with the first 92 occurring naturally and the remaining 26 being man-made, and the most common elements in the Earth's crust are oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, and calcium. The periodic table organizes all the elements according to increasing atomic number in rows and columns to show each element's atomic number, mass number, and number of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

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Arlyn Robles
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21 views18 pages

Understanding Chemical Elements and Atoms

Elements are the simplest substances made up of only one type of atom, with specific properties that cannot be broken down further. There are 118 known elements, with the first 92 occurring naturally and the remaining 26 being man-made, and the most common elements in the Earth's crust are oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, and calcium. The periodic table organizes all the elements according to increasing atomic number in rows and columns to show each element's atomic number, mass number, and number of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Uploaded by

Arlyn Robles
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Advanced

Chemistry
Arlyn DV. Robles
ELEMENTS
Elements
are unique forms of matter with specific
chemical and physical properties that
cannot be broken down into smaller
substances by ordinary chemical reactions.
Elements
are the simplest pure substance
that make up all matter.
Elements
are made up of only one kind of
atom, meaning atoms of the same
atomic number.
Did you know that...
there are 118 known elements...
Technetium

1-92 elements (except for elements 43 &


61) are naturally occurring Promethium

93-118 are produced artificially


Did you know that...
there are only 5 elements that are abundant in the
earth's crust?

Oxygen
Silicon
Aluminum
Iron
Calcium
Did you know that...
the most common elements in the earth's ocean are:

Oxygen
Hydrogen
Chlorine
Sodium
Did you know that...
the elements found in the human body are:

Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Periodic Table of Elements
often called the periodic table, organizes all
discovered chemical elements in rows (called
periods) and columns (called groups) according to
increasing atomic number.
Periodic Table of Elements
often called the periodic table, organizes all
discovered chemical elements in rows (called
periods) and columns (called groups) according to
increasing atomic number.
PERIOD

G
R
O
U
P
Elements
are made up of only one kind of atom,
meaning atoms of the same atomic number.
PROTONS = ATOMIC NUMBER ELECTRONS = PROTONS

NEUTRONS MASS NUMBER

MASS NO. - ATOMIC NO. PROTONS + NEUTRONS


Atomic No. Proton Electron Neutron Mass No.

Na 11 11 11 12 23

Ar 18 18 18 22 40

Si 14 14 14 14 28

proton=atomic no. mass no. = proton + neutron

electron=proton neutron = mass number - atomic no.


Element
Practice Exercise
Atomic Atomic Mass No. of Proton No. of No. of
No. Electron Neutron
magnesium 12 24 12 12 12
argon 18 40 18 18 22
helium 2 4 2 2 2
boron 5 11 5 5 6
chlorine 17 35 17 17 18

proton=atomic no. mass no. = proton + neutron

electron=proton neutron = mass number - atomic no.


Assignment
Element Atomic Atomic Mass No. of Proton No. of No. of
No. Electron Neutron
Silicon 28 14
Fluorine 19 9
Hydrogen 1 1 0
Oxygen 8 8 8
Calcium 40 20
Lithium 7 3
Nitrogen 7 7
Sodium 23 12
Sulfur 16 16
Beryllium 9 4

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