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Endocrine System: Hormones & Homeostasis

The endocrine system produces hormones that influence cells through binding or entering cells and affect growth, development, and homeostasis. Glands secrete hormones into the bloodstream which travel to target cells with matching receptors. There are steroid hormones that enter cells and nonsteroid hormones that bind to cell membranes. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland interact to regulate other glands through releasing hormones that stimulate hormone production throughout the body. Imbalances in hormone levels can disrupt homeostasis and cause illness.

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Aref Dahabrah
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21 views8 pages

Endocrine System: Hormones & Homeostasis

The endocrine system produces hormones that influence cells through binding or entering cells and affect growth, development, and homeostasis. Glands secrete hormones into the bloodstream which travel to target cells with matching receptors. There are steroid hormones that enter cells and nonsteroid hormones that bind to cell membranes. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland interact to regulate other glands through releasing hormones that stimulate hormone production throughout the body. Imbalances in hormone levels can disrupt homeostasis and cause illness.

Uploaded by

Aref Dahabrah
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

The Endocrine System and Hormones

KEY CONCEPT
The endocrine system produces hormones that affect
growth, development, and homeostasis.
The Endocrine System and Hormones
Hormones influence a cell’s activities by entering the cell
or binding to its membrane.
• Glands are organs of the
endocrine system.
The Endocrine System and Hormones

• Hormones are chemical signals that influence cell’s


activities.
– produced by glands
– travel through the circulatory system
– affects cells with matching receptors

target cell

hormone

bloodstream

receptor
not a target cell
The Endocrine System and Hormones

• There are steroid hormones and nonsteroid hormones.


– Steroid hormones enter the cell.
– Nonsteroid hormones do not enter the cell.

Steroid hormone
Steroid hormone Non-steroid
diffuses through the Nonsteroid
cell membrane hormone binds to hormone
receptor on the
cell membrane.

receptor
Steroid hormone
binds to a receptor Receptor stimulates
within the cell.
receptor a second messenger
with in the cell.
second
messenger
nucleus Second messenger
The hormone and starts a series of
receptor enter the chemical reactions in
nucleus and bind the cytoplasm. Chemical
to DNA
reactions
DNA
Steroid hormone
causes DNA to Second messenger
make proteins. reactions activate
enzymes.
activated
proteins enzymes
The Endocrine System and Hormones
Endocrine glands secrete hormones that act throughout
the body.
• There are many glands located throughout the body.

HYPOTHALAMUS
PITUITARY
THYROID

THYMUS
ADRENAL GLANDS
PANCREAS
FEMALE
GONADS :OVARIES

MALE GONADS : TESTES

– Hormones travel through the bloodstream to cells with


matching receptors.
The Endocrine System and Hormones
The hypothalamus interacts with the nervous and
endocrine systems.
• The hypothalamus is a gland found in the brain.
– a structure of both the nervous and
endocrine systems
– produces releasing hormones,
sent to pituitary gland

• The pituitary gland is found below


the hypothalamus in the brain.
– controls growth and water
levels in blood
– produces releasing hormones
sent throughout the body
The Endocrine System and Hormones

• Releasing hormones stimulate other glands to produce


hormones.
– allow glands to
communicate with one
another
– are used in temperature
regulation
The Endocrine System and Hormones
Hormonal imbalances can cause severe illness.
• Abnormal hormone levels affect homeostasis.
• Hormonal imbalances might be treated with surgery or
medicine.
• Steroids, a pituitary tumor, or some prescription drugs can
make the pituitary overactive and indirectly cause
problems.

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