Programming

In the end of this presentation, users can programmed using ISO code and SIEMENS canned cycles code

Numerical Control
Numerical Control is the operation of a machine using coded instructions which consists of letters, numbers, punctuation marks, and other symbols. This coded information is known as the Part Program.

Components of Numerical Control

Machine Unit (Milling or Lathe) Part Program Controller (Siemens, Fanuc, Heideinhein, Mazaktrol and etc.)

What is needed in CNC machining

Identification (post processor header) Geometry Motion (feed, speed and direction) Postprocessor (coolant, etc.) Auxiliary (tool, tolerance, part, etc.)

NC Words (Codes)
N Code - Sequence Number G Code - Control Functions F Code - Feed Rate S Code - Spindle Speed T Code - Tool Selection M Code - Miscellaneous functions X, Y, Z Code - Coordinate position

Absolute/incremental dimensions: G90, G91

When instruction G90 or G91 is active, the specified position information X, Y and Z is interpreted as a coordinate point (G90) or as an axis path to be traversed (G91). G90/G91 applies to all axes. These instructions do not determine the actual path on which the end points are reached. This is done by a G group (G0, G1, G2, G3, ... see Section Axis Movements).

Additional Information
Circular interpolation coordinates. I,J and K
I=X axis coordinates J=Y axis coordinates K=Z axis coordinates

Its use in G2 and G3. The tips of tool will be the zero point for calculating the I,J and K.

Linear interpolation at rapid traverse: G0

The rapid traverse motion G0 is used to position the workpiece rapidly, but not to machine the workpiece directly. The maximum speed (rapid traverse) for each axis is set in the machine data. A programmed feed (F word) is irrelevant for G0. G0 remains effective until it is canceled by another instruction from the same group (G1, G2, G3,...).

G0 Methodology

Linear Interpolation with Feed: G1

The tool moves from the start point to the end point along a straight path. The path speed is defined by the programmed Fword. All axes can be traversed simultaneously. G1 remains effective until it is canceled by another instruction from the same G group (G0,G2, G3, ...).

G1 Methodology

Circular Interpolation: G2, G3

The tool moves from the start point on a circular path. The direction is determined by the G function: G2 in clockwise direction G3 in counterclockwise direction

G2 Methodology

G3 Methodology

Dwell time: G4
You can interrupt machining between two NC blocks for a defined time period by inserting a separate block with G4, e.g. for relief cutting operations. The words with F... or S... are used for time specifications only in this block. Any previously programmed feed F or spindle speeds S remain unaffected.

Programming
G4 F... ;Dwell time in seconds G4 S... ;Dwell time in spindle revolutions

Programming example
N5 G1 F200 Z-50 S300 M3 ;Feed F, spindle speed S N10 G4 F2.5 ;Dwell time 2.5 s N20 Z70 N30 G4 S30 ;Dwell for 30 spindle revolutions, corresponds to t = 0.1 when S = 300 rev/min and 100 % speed override N40 X... ;Feed and spindle speed values remain effective

Cancel Cutter Radius Compensation CRC G40 The command G40 cancels the cutter radius compensation activated by commands G41 or G42.

G40

G41 and G42

G54

Drilling Cycles
ISO programming canned cycles. Sinumeric programming canned cycles.

Boring - LCYC85
The tool drills with the spindle speed and feed-rate programmed down to the entered final drilling depth. When the final drilling depth is reached, a dwell time can be programmed. The approach and retract movements are carried out with the feed-rates programmed under the respective parameters.

Precondition
The spindle speed and the direction of rotation must be defined in the higher-level program. The drilling position must be approached before calling the cycle in the higher-level program. Before calling the cycle, the respective tool with tool offset must be selected.

Parameter
Parameter R101 R102 R103 R104 R105 R107 R108 Meaning, Value Range Retract plane (absolute) Safety clearance Reference plane (absolute) Final drilling depth (absolute) Dwell time at drilling depth in seconds Feed for drilling Feed when retracting from drill hole

Example
N10 G0 G90 G18 F1000 S500 M3 T1 D1 ; Define technology values N20 Z70 X50 Y105 ; Approach drilling position N30 R101=105 R102=2 R103=102 R104=77 ; Define parameters N35 R105=0 R107=200 R108=400 ; Define parameters N40 LCYC85 ; Call drilling cycle N50 M2 ; End of program

Drilling cycle : G81(ISO code)

G98 G81 X.. Y.. Z.. R.. F.. G99 G81 X.. Y.. Z.. R.. F..
Addresses: G98 Return to the initial point G99 Return to the safety plane R X,Y Coordinates of the hole position Z Depth (Z-position of the bottom of the hole) R Z-position of the safety or R plane F Feedrate
Note: When Z- depth has reached cutting feed is performed to Return to point R plane.

Example
N150 M9 N152 T5 M6 N154 S2000 M3 N156 G0 X10.5 Y56. N158 G0 G43 Z20. H5 M8 N160 G98 G81 Z-3.5 R2. F380. N162 Y10. N164 G80 (Cancel Drilling ) N166 G98 G81 X103.5 Z-3.5 R2. F380. N168 Y56. N170 G80 (Cancel Drilling ) N172 G98 G81 X47. Y18. Z-3.5 R20. F380. N174 Y33. N176 Y48. N178 G80 (Cancel Drilling ) N180 G98 G81 X67. Z-3.5 R20. F380. N182 Y33. N184 Y18. N186 G80 (Cancel Drilling ) N188 G98 G81 X57. Y33. Z-3.5 R2. F380. N190 G80 N192 G98 G81 X88.25 Z-3.5 R2. F380. N194 X25.75 N196 G80 (Cancel Drilling )

Drilling, counter boring LCYC82(SIEMENS)

The tool drills with the spindle speed and feedrate programmed down to the entered final depth. When the final drilling depth is reached, a dwell time can be programmed. The drill is retracted from the drill hole at rapid traverse rate.

Pictorial
The spindle speed and the direction of rotation, as well as the feed of the drilling axis must be defined in the higher-level program. The drilling position must be approached before calling the cycle in the higher level program. The required tool with tool offset must be selected before calling the cycle. G17 must be active.

Motional sequence and parameters in the cycle

Definition

R101 R102

The retract plane determines the position of the drilling axis at the end of the cycle. The safety clearance acts on the reference plane, i.e. the reference plane is shifted forward by an amount corresponding to the safety clearance. The direction in which the safety clearance acts is automatically determined by the cycle.

Continue.
R103 The starting point of the drill hole shown in the drawing is programmed under the reference plane parameter. The drilling depth is always programmed as an absolute value with refer to work-piece zero. The dwell time at drilling depth (chip breakage) is programmed in seconds under R105.

R104

R105

Example
N10 G0 G17 G90 F500 T2 D1 S500 M3 ; Define technology values N20 X24 Y15 Z103 ; Approach drilling position N25 G17 N30 R101=102 R102=4 R103=0 R104=27 ; Supply parameters N35 R105=2 ; Supply parameters N40 LCYC82 ; Call cycle N50 M2 ; End of program

The program produces a 27 mm deep drill hole in the position X24 Y15 in the XY plane using the cycle LCYC82. The dwell time is 2 s, and the safety clearance in the drilling axis (here: Z) amounts to 4 mm. On completion of the cycle, the tool stands on X24 Y15 Z110.

Deep hole drilling LCYC83(SIEMENS)

The deep-hole drilling cycle produces center holes down to the final drilling depth by repeated, step-by-step deep infeed whose maximum amount can be parameterized. The drill can be retracted either to the reference plane for swarf removal after each infeed depth or by 1 mm in each case for chip breakage.

Precondition
The spindle speed and the direction of rotation must be defined in the higherlevel program. The drilling position must be approached before calling the cycle in the higher-level program. Before calling the cycle, a tool offset for the drill must be selected. G17 must be active.

Parameter
Parameter R101 R102 R103 R104 R105 R107 R108 R109 R110 R111 R127 Meaning, Value Range Retract plane (absolute) Safety clearance, enter without sign Reference plane (absolute) Final drilling depth (absolute) Dwell time to drilling depth (chip breakage) Feed for drilling Feed for first drilling depth Dwell time at starting point and for swarf removal First drilling depth (absolute) Absolute degression, enter without sign Machining type: Chip breakage = 0 Swarf removal = 1

Deep hole drilling

This program executes the cycle LCYC83 at position X20. N100 G0 G17 G90 T4 S500 M3 ;Define technology values N110 Z160 Y20 N120 X20 ;Approach drilling position N125 G17 R101=155 R102=1 R103=150 R104=5 R105=0 R109=0 R110=100 ;Parameter assignment R111=20 R107=500 R127=1 R108=400 N140 LCYC83 ;1st call of cycle N199 M2

Tapping with compensating chuck - LCYC840(SIEMENS)

The tool drills with the programmed spindle speed and direction of rotation down to the entered thread depth. The feed of the drilling axis results from the spindle speed. This cycle can be used for tapping with compensating chuck and spindle actual-value encoder. The direction of rotation is automatically reversed in the cycle. The retract can be carried out at a separate speed. M5 acts after the cycle has been executed (spindle stop).

Precondition
This cycle can only be used with a speed-controlled spindle with position encoder. The cycle does not check whether the actual-value encoder for the spindle really exists. The spindle speed and the direction of rotation must be defined in the higher-level program. The drilling position must be approached before calling the cycle in the higher-level program. The required tool with tool offset must be selected before calling the cycle. G17 must be active.

Parameter
Parameter R101 R102 R103 R104 R106 R126 Meaning, Value Range Retract plane (absolute) Safety clearance Reference plane (absolute) Final drilling depth (absolute) Thread lead as value Value range: 0.001.... 2000.000 mm Direction of rotation of spindle for tapping Value range: 3 (for M3), 4 (for M4)

Example
N10 G0 G17 G90 S300 M3 D1 T1 ; Define technology values N20 X10 Y20 Z58 ; Approach drilling position G17 N30 R101=60 R102=2 R103=56 R104=15 ; Parameter assignment N40 R106=0.5 R126=3 ; Parameter assignment N40 LCYC840 ; Cycle call N50 M2 ; End of program

Boring - LCYC85(SIEMENS)
The tool drills with the spindle speed and feed-rate programmed down to the entered final drilling depth. When the final drilling depth is reached, a dwell time can be programmed. The approach and retract movements are carried out with the feed-rates programmed under the respective parameters.

Precondition
The spindle speed and the direction of rotation must be defined in the higher-level program. The drilling position must be approached before calling the cycle in the higher-level program. Before calling the cycle, the respective tool with tool offset must be selected.

Parameter
Parameter R101 R102 R103 R104 R105 R107 R108 Meaning, Value Range Retract plane (absolute) Safety clearance Reference plane (absolute) Final drilling depth (absolute) Dwell time at drilling depth in seconds Feed for drilling Feed when retracting from drill hole

Example
N10 G0 G90 G18 F1000 S500 M3 T1 D1 ; Define technology values N20 X20 Y20 Z105 ; Approach drilling position N30 R101=105 R102=2 R103=102 R104=77 ; Define parameters N35 R105=0 R107=200 R108=400 ; Define parameters N40 LCYC85 ; Call drilling cycle N50 M2 ; End of program

Drilling patterns
The LCYC60 and LCYC61 cycles can be used to produce drill holes and threads with a certain geometry whereby existing drilling and thread cutting cycles can be used.

Drilling a row of holes - LCYC60

This cycle can be used to produce a certain number of drill or tapped holes arranged along a straight line. The type of the drill or tapped hole is defined by means of a parameter.

Parameters

Abscissa and ordinate

In mathematics, the Cartesian coordinate system (also called rectangular coordinate system) is used to determine each point uniquely in a plane through two numbers, usually called the x-coordinate or abscissa and the y-coordinate or ordinate of the point.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Information
Use this parameter to determine the number of the drilling or tapping cycle with which the drill holes / tapped holes is to be executed. R116/R117 A point along the straight line of the row of holes is programmed, which is to be considered as the reference point to determine the distances between the holes. The distance to the first hole (R120) is specified from this point. R115

Information Continue
R118 This parameter is used to program the distance from the first hole with refer to the reference point specified in R116/R117. This parameter defines the number of drill/tapped holes. This parameter is used to program the angle of the straight line to the abscissa. This parameter specifies the distance between the drill/tapped holes.

R119 R120 R121

Examples 1

Examples 1
N10 G0 G18 G90 S500 M3 T1 D1 ; Define technology values N20 X50 Z50 Y110 ; Approach starting position N30 R101=105 R102=2 R103=102 R104=22, ; Parameterize drilling cycle N40 R107=100 R108=50 R109=1 ; Parameterize drilling cycle N50 R110=90 R111=20 R127=1 ; Parameterize drilling cycle N60 R115=83 R116=30 R117=20 R119=0 R120=20 R121=20 ; Parameterize cycle for row of holes N70 LCYC60 ; Call cycle for row of holes N80 ........... ; Tool change N90 R106=0.5 R112=100 R113=500 ; Parameterize tapping cycle ; (program only parameters that changes compared with the drilling cycle) N100 R115=84 ; Parameterize cycle for row of holes ; (R116 - R121 correspond to 1st call) N110 LCYC60 ; Cycle for row of holes N120 M2

Example 2

Example 2
N10 G0 G17 G90 S500 M3 T2 D1 ; Define technology values N20 X10 Y10 Z3 ; Approach starting position N30 R1=0, R101=105, R102=2, R103=102, ; Parameterize drilling cycle, initialize counter of track of punched holes (R1) N40 R104=30 R105=2 R107=100 R108=300 ; Parameterize drilling cycle N50 R115=85 R116=30 R117=20 R120=0 R119=5 ; Parameterize cycle for track of punched holes N60 R120=10 R121=10 ; Parameterize cycle for track of punched holes N70 MARKE1: LCYC60 ; Call cycle for track of punched holes N80 R1=R1+1 R117=R117+10 ; Increment counter of row of holes + define new reference point N90 IF R1<5 GOTOB MARKE1 ; Return to mark 1 if condition meet N100 G0 G90 X10 Y10 Z105 ; Approach starting position N110 M2 ; End of program

Hole circle - LCYC61

This cycle can be used to produce drill or tapped holes arranged along a circle. The type of drill/tapped hole is defined by means of a parameter.

Precondition
The chosen drilling/tapping cycle must also be programmed before calling the drilling pattern cycle. The required tool with tool offset must be selected before calling the cycle.

Parameters

Parameter Description
R115 see LCYC60 R116/R117/R118 -The position of the hole circle in the machining plane is defined via center point (parameters R116/R117) and radius R118). Only positive values are permitted for the radius. R119 see LCYC61

Parameter Description cont

R120/R121 These parameters define the arrangement of the holes along the .circle. Parameter R120 specifies the angle of rotation between the positive abscissa and the first hole, and R121 defines the angle of rotation between the holes. If parameter R121 is zero, the indexing angle is calculated in the cycle from the number of holes such that these are evenly distributed along the

Example 3
This program is used in conjunction with cycle LCYC82 to produce 4 holes having a depth of 30 mm each. The circle is defined by the center point X70 Y60 and the radius 42mm in the XY plane. The starting angle amounts to 33 degrees. The safety clearance in the drilling axis Z is 2 mm. Spindle speed and direction of rotation, as well as the feed are defined in the higher-level program.

LCYC61 Example
N10 G0 G17 G90 F500 S400 M3 T3 D1 ; Define technology parameters N20 X50 Y45 Z5 ; Approach starting position N30 R101=5 R102=2 R103=0 R104=-30 R105=1 ; Parameterize drilling cycle N40 R115=82 R116=70 R117=60 R118=42 R119=4 ; Parameterize hole circle cycle N50 R120=33 R121=0 ; Parameterize hole circle cycle N60 LCYC61 ; Call hole circle cycle N70 M2 ; End of program

Cutting square pockets, slots and circular pockets - LCYC75

Provided the correct parameters are assigned, this cycle can be used to cut a square pocket or slot with parallel axes, or a circular pocket. The cycle provides roughing and finishing operations.

Parameter

Parameter Description
R101/R102/R103 -see LCYC82 R104 -This parameter is used to program the distance between reference plane and pocket base (depth). R116/R117 -The parameters R116 and R117 define the center point of the pocket in abscissa and ordinate.

Parameter Description cont

R121- Use this parameter to determine the maximum in feed depth. The in feed in the cycle is carried out by even steps. Using R121 and R104, the cycle calculates an in feed depth, which is between the 0.5*max. in feed depth and the max. in feed depth. To calculate the individual in feed depths, the distance between reference plane + safety clearance and the pocket depth is used. When using R121=0, the in feed is carried out to the pocket depth immediately. The down in feed starts from the reference plane shifted forward by an amount corresponding to the safety clearance.

Parameter Description
R122 This feed acts for all in feeds perpendicular to the machining plane. R123 This parameter defines the feed for roughing and finishing in the plane. R124 The finishing allowance of the contour is programmed under R124, with roughing selected. When finishing is selected (R127=2), the parameters R124 and R125 are used to select whether only the contour or contour and depth are to be finished. R125 The finishing allowance programmed under R125 acts with down in feed and roughing selected. When finishing is selected (R127=2), the parameters R124 and R125 are used to select whether only the contour or contour and depth are to be finished.

Examples
N10 G0 G17 G90 F200 S300 M3 T4 D1 ; Define technology values N20 X60 Y40 Z5 ; Approach drilling position N30 R101=5 R102=2 R103=0 R104=-17.5 R105=2 ; Parameterize drilling cycle N40 LCYC82 ; Call drilling cycle N50 ........ ; Tool change N60 R116=60 R117=40 R118=60 R119=40 R120=8 ; Parameterize pocket roughcutting cycle N70 R121=4 R122=120 R123=300 R124=0.75 R125=0.5 ; R101- R104 do not change N80 R126=2 R127=1 ; in comparison with the drilling cycle N90 LCYC75 ; Call roughing cycle N100 ............. ; Tool change N110 R127=2 ; Parameterize pocket finishcutting cycle (the remaining parameters do not change) N120 LCYC75 ; Call finishing cycle N130 M2 ; End of program

Cutting a circular pocket

The center point is defined with X50 Y50, and the depth of the pocket amounts to 20mm. The X axis is the infeed axis for down infeed. No finishing allowance is specified, i.e. the pocket is cut to the final dimensions by roughing. A cutter that cuts across center is used.

Circular pocket Program

N10 G0 G19 G90 S200 M3 T1 D1 ; Define technology values N20 Z5 X40 Y5 ; Approach starting position N30 R101=4 R102=2 R103=0 R104=-20 R116=50 R117=50 ; Parameterize pocket cutting cycle N40 R118=50 R119=50 R120=25 R121=4 R122=100 ; Parameterize pocket cutting cycle N50 R123=200 R124=0 R125=0 R126=0 R127=1 ; Parameterize pocket cutting cycle N60 LCYC75 ; Cycle call N70 M2 ; End of program

Cutting a slot

Slot program
N10 G0 G19 G90 T10 D1 S400 M3 ; Define technology values N20 Y20 Z5 X5 ; Approach starting position N30 R101=5 R102=1 R103=0 R104=-23 R116=35 R117=0 ; Parameterize cutting cycle N40 R118=30 R119=15 R120=15 R121=6 R122=200 ; Parameterize cutting cycle N50 R123=300 R124=0 R125=0 R126=2 R127=1 ; Parameterize cutting cycle

Slot program continue..

N60 G158 Y40 Z45 ; Set up coordinate system Z1 - Y1 ; 1st offset from ; Z45 Y40 N70 G259 RPL=45 ; 2nd rotation of coordinate system ; by 45 Grad N80 LCYC75 ; Cycle call for cutting the 1st slot

Slot program continue..

N90 G259 RPL=90 ; Additive rotation of coordinate system ; Z1-Y1 by 90 degrees for cutting the ; 2nd slot N100 LCYC75 ; Cycle call for cutting the 2nd slot N110 G259 RPL=90 ; Additive rotation of coordinate system ; Z1-Y1 by 90 degrees for cutting the ; 3rd slot

Slot program continue..

N120 LCYC75 ; Cut 3rd slot N130 G259 RPL=90 ; Additive rotation of coordinate system ; Z1-Y1 by 90 degrees for cutting the ; 4th slot N140 LCYC75 ; Cut 4th slot N150 G259 RPL=45 ; Restore initial coordinate system ; Rotate 1st to 0 degrees N160 G158 Y-40 Z-45 ; Undo 2nd offset N170 Y20 Z50 X5 ; Approach starting position M2 ; End of program

End Of Presentation
Please Design and Construct your own drawing based from the note presented and given.