SCIENCE
TECHNOLOGY
AND SOCIETY
What is the role of Science
and Technology in Society?
Introduction to Science
and Technology
What is ST and Society?
Study of how social, political, and cultural
values affect scientific research and
technological innovation and how these, in
turn, affect or the community, political and
culture.
Definition of Science
and Technology
SCIENCE
“Rational inquiry into Nature”, it means such
inquiry be within some logical structure, to gain
knowledge about Nature.
Scientific knowledge is more than just a collection
of empirical statement. It satisfies the following
requirements.
a. The collections must be internally consistent.
b. There must be a logical interrelationship between
statements that organizes these into coherent
whole (logical and consistent).
c. We should be able to deduce a prediction, which
can be tested by a experiment or observation.
SCIENCE
A systematic approach that organizes knowledge
in the form of testable explanation and predictions
about nature and the universe.
Is a systematic way of acquiring knowledge about
a particular field of study through observation and
experimentation, to describe different natural
phenomena.
In science, we seek the so-called “Laws of
Nature” (general statements about the behavior of
Nature), but this depends on crucial assumptions:
a. There is regularity in Nature that is expressed by
these Laws.
The human mind can “know” these Laws.
Remove these assumptions, the scientific structure
will fall down
In Physics, chemistry and biology, this regularity
in Nature is often expressed in the language of
mathematics, thus this is another assumption that
the regularity in Nature has the same logical
structure as mathematics.
The Laws of Nature do not carry any time stamp
that indicates when and where they were
discovered, or where they are applicable. This
implies that we assume that the Laws of Nature are
the same everywhere an remain so for all time-
again a philosophical assumption.
FIELDS OF SCIENCE
I. Pure/Theoretical Science – method of
investigating nature by the experimental method
in an attempt to satisfy the need to know (matter
of understanding); explains a phenomenon.
a. Physical sciences – which deal with matter and
energy and allow us to describe the material universe
in terms of weight, mass, volume, and other
standard, objective measures.
Life Sciences is divided into
Microbiology
Botany
Zoology
Earth Sciences is divided into
Geology
Meteorology
Astronomy
Examples of Overlapping Sciences
Physics + Chemistry = Physical Chemistry
Astronomy + Physics = Astrophysics
Biology + Chemistry = Biochemistry/Organic
Chemistry
Biology + Geology = Paleontology
Biology + Astronomy + Physics = Astronautics
Geology + Chemistry = Geochemistry
Geology + Astronomy = Astrogeology
FIELDS OF SCIENCE
II. Applied/Practical Science – determines how a
particular phenomenon may be put to use
• Applies existing scientific knowledge to develop
more practical applications, like technology or
inventions.
A. Engineering sciences – include
thermodynamics, heat transfer, fluid
mechanics, statics, dynamics, mechanics of
materials, kinematics, electromagnetism,
materials science, engineering physics.
B. Medical science – include medical
microbiology, clinical virology.
THE
SCIENTIFI
C
METHOD
What means does science use
now?
Science used the scientific method
It is a set of techniques for investigating
phenomena
Acquiring knowledge
Correcting and integrating previous understanding.
Scientific Method vs. Creationism
What are its STEPS?
Determine the Formulate Conduct
Observe
Problem Hypothesis Experiment
Formulate conclusion and provide Gather and
recommendation Analyze Data
TECHNOLOG
Y
Is the practical application of scientific knowledge to
human life; to solve problem.
As the production, tools and processes used to
accomplish tasks.
The collection of techniques, methods or processes
used in the production of goods or services or in the
accomplishment of objectives of scientific
investigation.
Scientific and technological changes are caused by
scientific and technological discoveries and
inventions
ADVANTAGES
Life becomes easy and comfortable through
science and technology.
Travelling has become easy and fast in minutes.
Communication becomes easy, fast and cheaper.
Standard of living have increased with the increase
in technology
ADVANTAGES
Man have become advanced by using various new
technology.
Due to the development in the science and
technology impossible have become possible.
Difficult thing and work have become easy and
comfort to man due to science and technology
Life has become easy and stable.
DISADVANTAGES
Man had misused the technology and used in
destructive purpose.
Man is doing illegal things by using it.
New technology like mobile, i-pads, etc. are
creating bad effect on children.
Terrorist are using modern technology for their
destructive work.
DISADVANTAGES
Due to the development of atomic energy and atomic
bomb create many harmful diseases like skin,
lungdiseases, etc.
Heart disease, brain disease are caused due to the
vibration of the mobile phone.
Modern technology have not only affected man but it
also affected plants and animals due to nuclear energy.
Due to the development of modern technology natural
beauty is decreasing.