Unit 2
1. Riser System
2. Sprinkler System
3. Spray System
Fire Riser System
• Fire riser is a component of the fire suppression system. It is a pipe connected to
a pressurized water source which supplies water to the sprinkler system in the
building. It is where the gauges, valves, and alarm devices are located.
Types of internal hydrant system Riser
• Dry riser system
• Wet riser system
• Wet riser-cum-down-comer
• Down-comer system
Dry riser system
• An arrangement of fire fighting within the building by means of
vertical rising mains not less than 100 mm internal dia with
landing valves on each floor/landing which is normally dry but is
capable of being charged with water usually by pumping from fire
service appliances.
• Dry riser using in cold region place.
• where the height of building is above 15 m but not exceeding 24 m
up to terrace level.
• The water supply for fire fighting underground water storage
tank/tanks or through water mains/town’s main.
• The rising main should have two-way fire service inlet without
non-return valve at a ground level, in front of each such block. 2 Way Fire Service inlet
• It should also be provided with an air-releasing valve at the top
level and drain valve at the bottom.
• The inlet should be about 1 m from the ground level, and easily
accessible and unobstructed at all times.
• Dry-riser system does not include hose reel, hose cabinets, fire
hose and branch pipes.
Landing valve
Wet riser system
• An arrangement for fire fighting within the building by means of vertical rising mains
of not less than 100 mm internal dia with landing valves on each floor/landing for fire
fighting purposes and permanently charged with water from a pressurized supply.
• The system should consist of a pipe or number of pipes depending on the area and
height of the buildings permanently charged with water under pressure with landing
valves, hose reel, hose, branch pipe, etc. at every floor level.
• A provision of pressure differential switch to start the pump automatically, so that
water under pressure is available for operational hydrant, hose reels, etc, as soon as the
water is drawn from hydrant landing valves causing drop in pressure.
• The system also incorporates a stand-by pump to come into operation automatically
when the normal power supply source fails.
Riser
• The accessible distance from riser to any place should not
more than 30 m apart.
• Landing valve height 0.75 m to 1 m from the floor.
• The rising mains should not be more than 50 m apart in
horizontal.
• For fire service inlet 100mm pipe and two way inlet, 150 mm
for 4 way inlet.
Main Part of riser
Fire Service inlet Single and 2-way landing valave Gate Valve
Hose reel Pressure Gauge Hose Box
Main Part of riser..
Pump House and static water Tanks Air Release tank
Down-comer system
Terrace Tank -
A concrete/masonry/plastic steel tank
constructed or erected on terrace of
building for fire fighting purpose.
In the down-comer system using water
gravity for lover side pressure and
terrace pump using for pressure
maintain in upper floor.
The terrace tank and pump capacity is
depending on type of building and
height of building.
Terrace pipe should be joint with
pump, gate valve and NRV
Underground Static water Tank
• Underground or surface water tank, constructed to store water for tie fighting
Purpose.
• Water tank have separation with upper side in separation wall opening such that fire
fighting tank always filled with water.
• At least two manhole for draw of water from tank.
• Construction of tank is as per standard The tank should not be more than 3.5 m deep
having having a slope( 1 :100) and 1 meter deep sump of 1 x 2 meter at the lower end.
• The tank capacity has given that in IS - 3844
Fire Pump
• The pump house construct near the static tank and pump main
suction pipe connect to lower side of tank such that always
positive head maintain for pump.
Types of water pump
1. Main pump or duty pump
2. Jockey Pump
3. Standby pump
Suction and Delivery Pipe Size as per IS Standard
Suction Pipe Delivery Pipe
a) 450 l/min terrace pump 50 mm 50 mm
b) 900 l/min „ „ 75 mm 50 mm
c) 1 400 l/min „ „ 100 mm 100 mm
d) 2 280 l/min fire pump 150 mm 150 mm
e) 2 850 l/min „ „ 200 mm 150 mm
f) 4 540 l/min „ „ 250 mm 200 mm
Hose Reels
• Fire fighting equipment, consisting of a length of tubing fitted with a
shut-off nozzle and connected to a reel, with a permanent connection
to a pressurized water supply.
• It is installed each floor of the building above 15 m height.
• The hose reel sited at each floor level, staircase, lobby or mid-
landing adjacent to, exits in corridors in such a way that the nozzle
of the hose can be taken into every room and within 6 m of any part
of a room keeping in view the layout and obstructions.
• The desirable discharge of the hose reel is 30 LPM