Sampling Method

Marijane B. Queja
 Learning Objectives
a. Differentiate sample vs. population
b. Identify the different types of Sampling
Technique

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 SCENE 1:
Leah will select 3 samples of
fishes from the aquarium
using the catching net.

QUESTION:
Will the population of fishes
get an equal opportunity to be
included in the samples?
Why?

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 SCENE 2:
Brylle will select 10 samples
of fishes from the lake using
the catching net.

QUESTION:
Will the population of fishes
get an equal opportunity to be
included in the samples?
Why?

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 Introduction to Sampling

How we
select
participants
in Research?

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 POPULATION
Generally, population refers to the
people who live in a particular
area at a specific time. But in
statistics, population refers to data
on your study of interest. It can be
a group of individuals, objects,
events, organizations, etc. You use
populations to draw conclusions.

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 POPULATION

An example of a population would be

the entire student body at a school. It
would contain all the students who
study in that school at the time of data
collection. Depending on the problem
statement, data from each of these
students is collected.

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 SAMPLE

A sample represents the group of interest from

the population, which you will use to represent
the data. The sample is an unbiased subset of
the population that best represents the whole
data.

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 QUESTION:

When do we use samples?

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 When do we used samples?

•The population is too large to collect

data.
•The data collected is not reliable.
•The population is hypothetical and is
unlimited in size. Take the example of a
study that documents the results of a new
medical procedure. It is unknown how
the procedure will affect people across
the globe, so a test group is used to find
out how people react to it.
 my b ox
ro p o n
D

Example of Sample and

Population

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 Types of Sampling

Non-
Probability
Probability
Sampling
Sampling

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Probability Sampling Method

 Probability sampling is also called as

random sampling or representative
sampling.
 In probability sampling every member of
the population has a known (non zero)
probability of being included in the
sample.

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Probability Sampling Method
 These techniques need population to be
very precisely defined.
 These techniques cannot be used for the
population that is too general a category
found almost everywhere in the world.
 The probabilities can be assigned to each
unit of the population objectively.

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Non-probability Sampling Method

 Non-probability sampling is also called

as judgement or non-random sampling.
Every unit of population does not get an
equal chance of participation in the
investigation.
 The selection of the sample is made on
the basis of subjective judgement of the
investigator.

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Non-probability Sampling Method

 These techniques can be used for both

types of population: the population that is
too general a category, and the population
that is a specific category.
 Non-probability sampling is well suited
for exploratory research intended to
generate new ideas that will be
systematically tested later.

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 SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING

 Each and every element of the population has an

equal chance of being selected in the sample.
 The population must be homogeneous. Example:
every element contains
same kind of characteristics that
meets the described criteria of target population.

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 SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING

 There is not equal probability of every

element been included.
 Elements are selected at a regular
interval. The interval maybe in terms of
time, space or order.

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 STRATIFIED SAMPLING

Stratified random sampling allows researchers

to obtain a sample population that best
represents the entire population being studied.
Stratified random sampling involves dividing
the entire population into homogeneous groups
called strata.

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 STRATIFIED SAMPLING

Stratified random sampling differs

from simple random sampling,
which involves the random selection of
data from an entire population, so each
possible sample is equally likely to
occur

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 CLUSTER SAMPLING

 The group of elements residing in one

geographical region is called as
cluster.
 This sampling technique is used when
the elements of population are spread
over a wide geographical area.

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 MULTI-STAGE SAMPLING

 It is a sampling technique where two or more probability

techniques are combined.

 It is used when elements of population are spread over a wide

geographical region and it is not possible to obtain a
representative sample with only one aforementioned
technique.

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 SNOWBALL SAMPLING
This method is useful when the population is hidden or cannot
trace clearly due to the various reasons including legal and ethical
matters. The only way of finding members of some communities
is by asking other members.
e.g.
• Heroin addicted.
• AIDS patients
• About an undisclosed group/organization
• Prostitution

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 PURPOSIVE/JUDGEMENT
SAMPLING
Sample units select purposely based on a logical
manner but not randomly .

Objective of taking purposive sample is to

produce a sample that can be logically assumed
to be representative of the population.

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Example 1
TV reporters stopping certain individuals on the
street in order to ask their opinions about certain
political changes constitutes. However, the TV
reporter has to apply certain judgment when
deciding who to stop on the street to ask questions;
otherwise it would be the case of random sampling
technique. e
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 QUOTA SAMPLING

First, the population is divided into strata or

identify the different groups of the population.

Second, decide the sample size

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 QUOTA SAMPLING

Third, calculating a quota for each stratum:

quota means the number of cases that should
be included in each stratum. It depends on the
make-up of each stratum within the
population. e.g. male and female are 50-50 or
60-40 etc.
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 CONVENIENCE SAMPLING

A convenience sample simply includes the

individuals who happen to be most accessible to
the researcher.
This is an easy and inexpensive way to gather
initial data, but there is no way to tell if the
sample is representative of the population, so it
can’t produce generalizable results.
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 Example
You are researching opinions about student support
services in your university, so after each of your
classes, you ask your fellow students to complete a
 survey on the topic. This is a convenient way to gather
data, but as you only surveyed students taking the same
classes as you at the same level, the sample is not
representative of all the students at your university.

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It is our choices that
show us what we
truly are far more
than our abilities.
Albus Dumbledore

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Thank you Presenter name
Email address
Website address

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