COMPUTER NETWORKING

AHMAD NADEEM IX ASTER

COMUTER NETWORKING
SUMMER ASSIGNMENT
WHAT IS COMPUTER NETWORKING
A group of computer which is connected
to each other for the purpose of sharing
data and resources.

DID YOU KNOW

The first Computer Network is :- ARPANET
ARPANET stands for :-
Advanced Research Project Agency Network
WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF
COMPUTER NETWORK
The characteristics of computer network are as
follows:-
Resource Sharing
Communication Speed
Scalability
Reability
Backup
Software and Hardware sharing
Security
WHAT ARE NODES?
Nodes are the medium in which we can establish
a network that are called nodes. Some of the
examples are :- Desktop , Laptop, Mobile phones ,
Smart T.V , Ipads , Tablet , Printers etc.
COMMUNICATION MEDIUM
It is the medium through which we establish a
smooth network.
Examples of communication medum are as
follows:-
Cable (Copper)
Fiber optics Satellite technology
Radio waves
Wireless Medium
Mobile Phones
 NETWORKING DEVICES
It is used for communication medium
examples :-
 Hub
 Switch
 Bridge
 Gateway
 Modem
 Router
 Repeater
PAN
 PAN
 PAN stands for Personal Area network.

 The range of PAN lies between 0m to 15m of

connecting device . 0m <PAN< 15m

 Example are bluetooth,mobile hotspot

LAN
 LAN
 LAN stands for Local Area Network

 The range of LAN lies between 0m to 150m .

0m <LAN< 15m
 It s mainly used in small organizations such as :-
 Schools
 Colleges
 Hospitals
 Government offices etc.
MAN
 MAN
 MAN stands for Metropolitan Area Network.

 It is the collection of n number of LAN network

within a city.

 The range of MAN lies between 0km to 150m .

0m <MAN< 50km.
WAN
 WAN
 WAN stands for Wide Area Network

 It is the collection of n number of LAN and MAN

network .
 The range of WAN is not fixed it can lies between
one country to another or one continent to
another.
 It can also be used within a country.
ADVANTAGES
OF
COMPUTER
NETWORK
I. It is open for everyone

II. file sharing (Resource sharing)(We can share a

file in a networking environment.)

III. Security (It provides us security.)

IV. It is easy to add new device.

V. It offers backup and storage.

DISADVANTAGES
OF
COMPUTER
NETWORK
I. Network devices are required.
(Gateway , Switch, Router etc).

II. Virus attack (When we are on a computer

network there are chances of virus attack).

III. Handler is required (User) (Person needed).

IV. High speed Internet.

V. We need server.
 WHAT IS A SERVER ?
Server is the main computer that manages
software, Files and the network resource.
 TOPOLOGY
A Topology is the physical arrangement of the
cables , computers and other peripheral devices to
form a network.
There are three types of topology
 STAR TOPOLOGY
When all the work stations are connected to a
central connection point called a hub, is known as
star topology. It is mostly common.

Any data that is sent to the other computer first

goes to the central hub and from there it is
redirected to the destination computer.
 ADVANTAGES
1) It is easy to install.

2) Easy to add or remove work station by

upgrading the hub.

DISADVANTAGE
3) It requires more cable length.
4) Failure in the central hub will breakdown the
entire network.
 BUS TOPOLOGY
When the main single cable connected with the
terminators at both end we create BUS Topology.
In BUS Topology computer and the other devices
including the server are connected to the linear
cable for communication.
 ADVANTAGES
 It is easy to install
 Does not require much cabling.

DISADVANTAGES
 If backbone cable fails the entire network
effectively becomes unusable.
 RING TOPOLOGY
When every work station has exactly two neighbors
for communication purpose.
This arrangement is known as RING Topology.

In this type of topology all massages travel through

a ring in the same direction either clockwise or
anticlockwise.
 ADVANTAGE
1) It is easier to detect false in the
network.
2. Less number of cable wires are required.

DISADVANTAGE
1) A Failure in any cable or device breaks the loop
leading to breakdown of the entire network.
ARCHITECTURE
OF
COMPUTER
NETWORKING
Client Server Architecture
It is defined as a specific type of network which
consist of a single powerful computer acting as a
server usually connected multiple computers
called clients.
A client server network can be utilized by desktop
computers and laptops as well as other mobile
devices that are properly equipped.
Example:- When we access a bank account from our
computer or mobile phones. (IRTCS).
 ADVANTAGE
The centralised and handling of data
provides an increased security.
Example :- Password protection,
Data is available only to the
individual.
 DISADVANTAGE
It runs the risk of a system
overload. If too many different
clients attempts to reach the
shared network at the same
time , there may be failure or
slowing down of the
connection.
PEER TO PEER ARCHITECTURE
In Peer to Peer architecture each work stations has
equivalent (equal) capabilities and
responsibilities the work stations are connected
to each other but do not have a server. Files can be
shared between work stations.

It is much simpler to setup as compared to client

server.
It can only be setup among a few computers within
an office or single room.
 ADVANTAGE
Its supports distributed
processing. So the increased load
will not affect the system overall.
 DISADVANTAGE
1) Does not support centrally managed
security.
2) Does not provides the backing up of files.
AHMAD NADEEM IX ASTER
COMUTER NETWORKING
SUMMER ASSIGNMENT