Seminar
On
OLED Technology
Submitted To: Submitted By:
Content
⚫ Introduction
⚫ What is an OLED?
⚫ History
⚫ Features
⚫ Structure of OLED(Figure)
⚫ OLED Fabrication
⚫ OLED Deposition
⚫ Types of OLED
⚫ OLED Advantages
⚫ OLED Disadvantages
⚫ Applications
⚫ Conclusion
⚫ References
Introduction
⚫Uses organic light emitting diode(OLED).
⚫Emerging Technology for displays in devices.
⚫Main principle behind OLED technology is
electroluminescence.
⚫Offers brighter, thinner, high contrast, flexible
displays.
What is an OLED?
⚫OLEDs are solid state devices composed of thin films
of organic molecules that is100 to 500 nanometres
thick.
⚫They emits light with the application of electricity.
⚫They doesn’t require any backlight. i.e., they are self
emitting.
⚫They are made from carbon and hydrogen.
History
⚫The first OLED device was developed by Eastman
Kodak in 1987.
⚫In 1996, pioneer produces the world’s first commercial
PMOLED.
⚫In 2000, many companies like Motorola, LG etc
developed various displays.
⚫In 2001, Sony developed world’s largest fullcolor
OLED.
History (contd.)
⚫In 2002, approximately 3.5 million passive matrix
OLED sub-displays were sold, and over 10 million
were sold in 2003.
⚫In 2010 and 2011, many companies announced
AMOLED displays.
⚫Many developments had take place in the year 2012.
Features
⚫Flexibility.
⚫ Emissive Technology.
⚫Light weight and thin.
⚫Low power consumption.
⚫High contrast, brighter and perfect display from all
angles.
Structure of OLED(Figure)
OLED Fabrication
⚫Substrate preparation.
⚫Device deposition
⚫ Deposit and pattern anode.
⚫ Pattern organic layers.
⚫ Vacuum deposit and pattern cathode.
⚫Encapsulation.
⚫Also involves making backplane.
OLED Deposition
⚫Organic layers can be applied to the substrate using the
following methods.
- Evaporation and shadow masking.
- Inkjet printing.
- Organic vapor phase deposition.
Colour Generation
⚫Different approaches for fabricating red, green and
blue pixels.
- Red, green and blue individual pixels.
- White emitter and colour filters.
- Blue emitter and colour converters.
- Stacked OLED
Colour Generation(figure)
Working Principle
⚫A voltage is applied across the anode and cathode.
⚫Current flows from cathode to anode through the organic
layers.
⚫Electrons flow to emissive layer from the cathode.
⚫Electrons are removed from conductive layer leaving holes.
⚫Holes jump into emissive layer .
⚫Electron and hole combine and light emitted.
OLED device operation
Transparent Anode Conductive Emissive layer Cathode
substrate (ITO) layer
eˉ eˉ
LUMO
LUMO
Light
HOMO
HOMO
h+ h+
h+
Types of OLED
Six types of OLEDs
❑Passive matrix OLED(PMOLED).
❑Active matrix OLED(AMOLED).
❑Transparent OLED(TOLED).
❑Top emitting OLED.
❑Flexible OLED(FOLED).
❑White OLED(WOLED).
OLED Advantages
⚫Thinner, lighter and more flexible.
⚫Do not require backlighting like LCDs.
⚫Can be made to larger sizes.
⚫Large fields of view, about 170 degrees.
⚫Faster response time.
⚫Brighter.
⚫High resolution, <5μm pixel size.
OLED Disadvantages
⚫Expensive.
⚫Lifespan.
⚫Water damage.
⚫Colour balance issues .
Applications
Major applications of OLED technology are
⚫OLED TV.
⚫Mobile phones with OLED screens.
⚫Rolltop Laptop.
Conclusion
⚫Organic Light Emitting Diodes are evolving as the next
generation displays.
⚫As OLED display technology matures, it will be better
able to improve upon certain existing limitations of
LCD including
⚫ high power consumption
⚫ limited viewing angles
⚫ poor contrast ratios.
Thanks