POLICE PHOTOGRAPHY
WEEK 3
PLTCOL BENIGNO G BALISI JR
PMAJ ALLAN T REYES
REVIEW OF THE PREVIOUS LESSON
WHAT HAVE WE DISCUSSED LAST MEETING
THROUGH OUR RECORDED VIDEO PRESENTATION?
REVIEW OF THE PREVIOUS LESSON
ESSENTIALS OF PHOTOGRAPHY
THEORIES OF LIGHT
PHOTOGRAPHIC RAYS
SENSITIZED MATERIAL
PARTS OF CAMERA
GUIDELINES IN TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS
SHORT QUIZ
1. ________ IS COMPOSED OF A HIGHLY SENSITIZED CHEMICAL COMPOUND
THAT IS CAPABLE OF TRANSFORMING INTO AN IMAGE THROUGH THE ACTION
OF LIGHT.
2. _________MECHANISM OF THE CAMERA THAT COLLECT THE REFLECTED
LIGHT COMING FROM THE OBJECT TO FORM THE IMAGE.
3. ________ A PHOTOGRAPHIC RAY DISCOVERED BY CONRAD WELHELM
ROENTGEN WHO INTRODUCED THE PRINCIPLE OF SHADOW PHOTOGRAPHY.
4. ________ THEORY THAT TRANSCRIBED FROM THE MOTION OF THE WATER
AND WITH THE FORCE OF THE AIR.
5. ________ A PHOTOGRAPHIC RAY DESIGNED TO TAKE PHOTOGRAPH OF
OVER- WRITTEN, OBLITERATED OR CHARRED DOCUMENTS AND ALSO CALLED
“HEAT RAYS.”
6. ________ IS THE LIGHT TIGHT BOX WITH LIGHT GATHERING
DEVICE FOR BLOCKING UNWANTED LIGHT FROM REACHING
SENSITIZED MATERIAL.
7. _________ A RANGE PHOTOGRAPH THAT PORTRAY THE
AREA IN STANDING POSITION.
8. ________ APPROXIMATELY 5 FEET OR LESS FROM THE
SUBJECT.
9 & 10. GIVE TWO USES OF FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
AT THE END OF THE LESSON THE CADETS WILL BE
ABLE TO:
i. PRACTICE THE APPLICATION OF PHOTOGRAPHY IN POLICE WORK
ii. EXAMINE THE BASIC RULES ON ADMISSIBILITY
iii. REVIEW THE USES OF DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY AND RULES ON
ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE
A. APPLICATION OF PHOTOGRAPHY IN POLICE WORK
1. IDENTIFICATION PURPOSES
2. RECORDING AND PRESERVING OF EVIDENCES
3. DISCOVERING AND PROVING OF EVIDENCES NOT READILY
SEEN BY THE NAKED EYE
PHOTOMICROGRAPHY
PHOTOMACROGRAPHY OR MACROPHOTOGRAPHY
MICROPHOTOGRAPHY
APPLICATION OF PHOTOGRAPHY IN POLICE WORK
4. RECORDING ACTION OF OFFENDERS
5. FOR COURT EXHIBITS
6. FOR CRIME PREVENTION
7. PUBLIC INFORMATION
8. POLICE TRAINING
B. SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS
1. IDENTIFICATION PHOTOGRAPHS
2. IDENTIFICATION OF DATA
3. LOCATION MARKERS
C. SPECIFIC CRIMES
HOMICIDE OR MURDER
ROBBERY CASE
SEX OFFENSES
ARSON OR FIRE
TRAFFIC VEHICULAR ACCIDENT
ARTICLES OR OBJECTS OF EVIDENCE
D. SURVEILLANCE PHOTOGRAPHY
E. FINGERPRINT PHOTOGRAPHY
F. QUESTIONED DOCUMENT PHOTOGRAPHY
G. ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOGRAPHY
BASIC RULES ON ADMISSIBILITY
• AN ESTABLISHED FACT THAT A PHOTOGRAPH OFFERED IN
EVIDENCE SHOULD BEA TRUE AND FAITHFUL
REPRESENTATION OF THE SCENE OR THE SUBJECT MATTER.
• THE PERSON VIEWING IT SHOULD GET AN IMPRESSION OF
THE SCENE OR OBJECT WHICH DOES NOT MISLEAD IN ANY
OF THE IMPORTANT ASPECT.
• IT SHOULD BE FREE FROM UNUSUAL DISTORTION OF LINES,
SHAPES, AND COLOR OR ANY DECEPTIVE TONE
RELATIONSHIP.
• IMPORTANT SUBJECT SHOULD BE IN FOCUS.
QUALIFIED TO SHOW PROOF OF FAITHFULNESS
ARE;
• PHOTOGRAPHER WHO TOOK THE PHOTOGRAPH
• ANY OTHER PERSON WHO HAS PERSONAL
KNOWLEDGE OF THE TAKING OF THE
PHOTOGRAPH AND HAVE SEEN THE SUBJECT
A. TECHNIQUES FOR DEMONSTRATING
EVIDENCE PRINTS
COMPOSITE EXHIBITS
MATCHING PHOTOGRAPHS
MATCHING TRANSPARENCIES
B. DEGREE OF ENLARGEMENT OR SIZE OF A PHOTOGRAPHIC EXHIBIT
TWO CHOICES IN REPRESENTING PHOTOGRAPHIC PRINTS AS EVIDENCE;
• A LARGE DISPLAY PRINT WHICH WILL EASILY SHOW THE JUDGE, THE
LAWYERS DETAILED ATTRIBUTES OF A SUBJECT BEING TESTIFIED TO BY
A WITNESS. FORENSIC EXPERTS LIKE DOCUMENT EXAMINERS OR
FINGERPRINT EXPERTS USE THIS TO PROVIDE A DRAMATIC IMPACT ON
THEIR TESTIMONY. PRINT SIZES OF 11”X14” OR EVEN 16”X24”.
• A MORE WIDELY USED AND EASIER TO ACCOMPLISH IS THE HANDLED
PRINT OF PERSONS, OBJECTS, PLACE OR INCIDENT. THE USUAL SIZE
MAYBE 4”X5” OR 5”X7”.
D. TESTIFYING IN COURT
• ALWAYS CONSIDER YOURSELF TO BE A NEUTRAL
WITHNESS WITH NO PERSONAL INTEREST IN THE
OUTCOME OF THE CASE.
• YOUR ONLY CONCERN IS THE OBJECTIVE DESIRE TO
PRESENT AN ACCURATE PHOTOGRAPH FOR THE COURTS
CONSIDERATION.
• YOUR PURPOSE IS TO EXPLAIN NOT DEFEND YOUR
PHOTOGRAPHS
• PP VS. DE VEGA G.R.L. 8626, OCT 18, 1956, THE COURT
“A MAN OF SCIENCE”
IF THE LAW HS MADE YOU A WITNESS, REMAIN A
MAN OF SCIENCE, YOU HAVE NO VICTIM TO
AVENGE, NO GUILTY OR INNOCENT PERSON TO
RUIN OR TO SAVE, YOU MUST BE WITNESS
WITHIN THE LIMITS OF SCIENCE.
P. BROUARDEL
E. POINTS OF OBJECTION ON THE
ADMISSIBILITY OF A PHOTOGRAPH
• ACCURACY OF COLOR
• ALTERATIONS ON NEGATIVES OR PRINTS
• COMPUTER GENERATED IMAGE
• ENLARGEMENT
• ERRORS IN PRINTING
• EQUIPMENT
• LIGHTING
• MARKINGS OF PHOTOGRAPHS
DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY
ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL CAMERAS
• INSTANT COLOR PREVIEW
• COMPUTER CONNECTIVITY
• VIDEO OUTPUT
• DETACHABLE LENSES THAT STILL WORK WHEN DETACHED
TWO TYPES OF DIGITAL CAMERA
• FIXED MEMORY
• REMOVABLE MEMORY
USES OF DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY IN LAW ENFORCEMENT
• AUTOMATED FINGERPRINT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
(AFIS)
• CRIME SCENE RECONSTRUCTION
• COMPUTERIZED COMPOSITE FACIAL SKETCHING- FACIAL
AUTOMATED COMPOSITE AND EDITING SYSTEM (FACES)
LEGAL FOUNDATION OF DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY
1. RULES ON ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE
• RULE 11 OF RA 8792 OTHERWISE KNOWN AS “E COMMERCE
LAW” (RULES ON ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE)
• SECTION 1. AUDIO, VIDEO AND SIMILAR EVIDENCE. - AUDIO,
PHOTOGRAPHIC AND VIDEO EVIDENCE OF EVENTS, ACTS OR
TRANSACTIONS SHALL BE ADMISSIBLE PROVIDED IT SHALL
BE SHOWN, PRESENTED OR DISPLAYED TO THE COURT AND
SHALL BE IDENTIFIED, EXPLAINED OR AUTHENTICATED BY
THE PERSON WHO MADE THE RECORDING OR BY SOME
OTHER PERSON COMPETENT TO TESTIFY ON THE ACCURACY
THEREOF.
END…
ASSIGNMENT (PT)
• WRITE IN A YELLOW PAPER THE PARTS OF A
CAMERA
• 30 ITEMS
• REFER TO PAGE 163-164 OF THE BOOK “
FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY, 2ND ED, VILLARBA
