WorkshopPLUS -

Data AI: Business

Analytics with Power
BI
Module 1
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 • Lesson 1: Motivation
• Lesson 2: Connecting to Data
• Lesson 3: Shaping Data
Learning Units
covered in this • Lesson 4: Creating a Data Model
Module • Lesson 5: Calculations
• Lesson 6: Building Reports
• Lesson 7: Sharing
Lesson 1: Motivation
Objectives
After completing this learning, you will be able to:

 Describe Power BI components and its benefits to business

Today, BI extends to everyone

3rd wave
End user BI

Everyone

2nd wave
Self-service BI
Analyst to end user

1st wave
Technical BI
IT to end user
Turning data into business insights is challenging

Common BI challenges include…

Data often resides in disparate locations, making it

End-to-end view difficult to see a complete picture of your
business 

Data residing in cloud solutions and on-premise

Multiple data sources locations is difficult to access and refresh securely

Right data for the right Different roles have different needs and business
users at the right time users need the latest operational data
Gartner’s 2020 Magic Quadrant

Gartner
recognizes
Microsoft as a
• High Value
leader in
Analytics and • Comprehensive analytics
BI platforms solution
for 11 • Centralized management
consecutive • Global scale
years. Why • Security, governance,
have the and compliance
customers
chosen Power
BI?
Power BI

Experience your data. Any data, any way, anywhere

Power BI is a cloud-based business

analytics service that enables:
• Fast and easy access to your data
• A live 360º view of your business
• Data discovery and exploration
• Insights from any device
• Collaboration across your organization
• Anyone to visualize and analyze data
Power BI product portfolio

Author Share and collaborate Large scale deployments Share and collaborate App dev

</>
Power BI Power BI Power BI Power BI Power BI
Desktop service Premium Report Server Embedded

Free data analysis Cloud-based modern Dedicated capacity for On-premises report Visual analytics
and report authoring increased performance server (updated 3x embedded in your
tool business analytics per year) applications
solution
Power BI Overview

Data sources Power BI service

SaaS solutions Content packs Sharing and collaboration

e.g. Salesforce, GitHub, Google
Natural language query

On-premises data
e.g. Analysis Services Live dashboards
Organizational content
packs
Corporate data sources or external Visualizations
data services
Azure services
Azure SQL, Stream Analytics… Reports
Excel files
Workbook data / data models
01001
Power BI Desktop files 10101
Datasets
Data from files, databases, Azure,
and other sources Data refresh
Power BI Desktop Power BI REST APIs

00010110
0110001
Prepare Explore Report Share
Create Power BI Content
What is Power BI Desktop ?

A free downloadable
32/64 bit desktop
Does not depend on
application optimized
Microsoft Office
for the Power BI
Service

Dedicated BI workflow:
Combines the power Specializing in
of Power Query, Power Interactive
Pivot and Power View Visualization and
Analysis

Effortlessly publish
Main output:
interactive visual
Interactive Reports
reports to Power BI
and Data Models
users

Support: Monthly
updates
Power BI Desktop Workflow

Acquire and Establish the Explore data Author the

prepare the data in new ways reports with Publish
data with structure and through a a broad interactive
extensive transform free-form, range of reports to
query and analyze drag-and- modern data Power BI
capabilities data drop canvas visualizations

Prepare

Explore

Report

Share &
Collaborate
Questions?
Knowledge Check

What are the different business intelligence challenges?

What is the primary tool used for Power BI Report development?

Lesson 2: Connection to Data
Objectives
After completing this learning, you will be able to:

 Describe different data sources for Power BI

 Describe different data connectivity modes
Connecting Data - Prepare

The “Get Data” option allows the definition of connections

to data sources and the selection of entities and columns

Authentication options can be specified including

credential types such as Windows or others

Data can be imported in-memory and/or be accessed live

for some data sources

Each selected entity will become a query that can be

further enhanced to meet the business requirements
Connecting Data - Prepare
Supported data sources (sample list)

File Database Azure Other/Online Services Other

• Excel • SQL Server (DQ) • SQL Database (DQ) • Power BI Service • Facebook • Vertica
• Text/CSV • Access • SQL Data Warehouse • SharePoint Online List • GitHub (Beta) • Web
• XML • SQL Server Analysis Services (DQ) • Exchange Online • Kusto (Beta) • SharePoint List
• JSON (Live Connection) • Analysis Services (Beta) • Dynamics 365 (online) • MailChimp (Beta) • OData Feed
• Folder • Oracle (DQ) (Live Connection) • Dynamics 365 for Financials • Marketo (Beta) • Active Directory
• SharePoint • IBM DB2 (DQ) • Blob Storage (Beta) • Mixpanel (Beta) • Microsoft Exchange
Folder • IBM Informix (Beta) • Table Storage • Dynamics NAV • Planview Enterprise • Hadoop File (HDFS)
• PDF • IBM Netezza (DQ) • Cosmos DB (Beta) • Dynamics 365 Business (Beta) • Spark (DQ)
• MySQL • Data Lake Store Central (On Premise) • Projectplace (Beta) • R Script
• PostgreSQL(DQ) • HDInsight (HDFS) Connectors • QuickBooks Online • ODBC
• Sybase • HDInsight Spark (DQ) • Common Data Service (Beta) (Beta) • OLE DB
• Teradata (DQ) • Azure Consumption Insights • Smartsheet • Blank Query
• SAP HANA (DQ) (Beta) • SparkPost (Beta) • LinkedIn Sales
• SAP BW V2 (DQ) • Visual Studio Team Services • SQL Sentry (Beta) Navigator (beta)
• SAP BW Message Server (Beta) • Stripe (Beta) • Vena
connector • Salesforce Objects • SweetIQ (Beta) • MicroStrategy
• Amazon Redshift (DQ) • Salesforce Reports • Troux (Beta) • FHIR
• Impala (Beta) (DQ) • Google Analytics • Twilio (Beta) • FactSet
• Google BigQuery (Beta) • appFigures (Beta) • tyGraph (Beta) • Jamf Pro
(DQ) • Dynamics 365 for Customer • Webtrends (Beta) • Cognite
• MarkLogic Insights (Beta) • ZenDesk (Beta)
• Snowflake (DQ) • Product Insights • [Link] (Beta)
• Asana • Adobe Analytics
• TIBCO
The available data sources are constantly evolving and some of them support DirectQuery (DQ). No data is imported to Power BI in DQ and
Live Connections. Can seamlessly combine data from one or more DQ sources, and/or combine data from a mix of DQ sources and import
data through Composite Models. There are some limitations on the transformations that can be done with DQ.
Connecting Data - Prepare
Three ways to connect to your data

Import DirectQuery Live/Exploration

• Select specific tables • Explore source objects from Report surface
• ETL • No data download • No data download
Overview • Data download • Queries triggered from • Queries triggered from
Report visuals Report visuals
• SQL Server
• Azure SQL Database
• SQL Server Analysis Services (Tabular &
• Azure SQL Data Warehouse
Supported Data Sources • All sources (>80 sources)
•
Multidimensional)
SAP HANA
• Azure Analysis Services
• Oracle
• Teradata

Max # of data sources per

• Unlimited • Multiple One
report
• Partial support
Data Transformations • All transformations (100’s) None
(varies by data source)
• Merge (Joins)
• Merge (Joins)
Mashup Capabilities • Append (Union)
• Append (Union)
None
• Parameterized queries
• Relationships • Relationships
• Calculated Columns & Tables • Calculated Columns
Modeling Capabilities • Measures • Measures • Measures
• Hierarchies • Hierarchies
• Time Intelligence • Limited Time Intelligence
Connecting Data - Prepare
Direct Query - Overview

What is Direct Query? Major Benefits of Direct Query

• Connectivity Method in Power BI • No need to move any data, data

and SSAS where the modeler defines stays at the source where it is
the model but doesn’t import any created offering real time updates
data whenever changes are made.
• Any data needed for visualizations • Ability to leverage the security as it
will be retrieved from the data is defined in the data source when
source directly using Single Sign On (SSO).
• You will not hit any memory limits
in Power BI or SSAS so you can see
all the raw data (all transactions)
Connecting Data - Prepare
Direct Query - Pitfalls

OLTP Data Source – not a Data Warehouse

• Creating a decent model - more manageability and query complexity (Which could
lead to performance issues).
• Analytical query patterns (e.g. dimensional joins) might be performance issues

MPP Data Source - Big Data solution

• High concurrency might be an issue (the reports are consumed by hundreds of users
at the peak time)

Security
• The security as set up in the transactional data source might not be the same security
as you expect for reporting
Connecting Data - Prepare
Direct Query – Best practice

Required Investments to use Direct Query

• Optimizing your data source with best practice or tuning techniques like In-
memory indexes designed for query to load data into reports.
• Instead of views, you create new analytical tables to shape the data and add
specific performance features.
• Leverage a fast data solution like HANA, SQL DW, Netezza, Spark, etc. In each case
test the load to determine the amount of concurrency.

Tradeoffs – DQ or Import?
• Data refresh - SSAS partitioning
• Memory limit - Smart compression
• Security
Connecting Data - Prepare
Connecting to SQL Server (an example)

Access the “Get Data” button

from the top ribbon

Select SQL Server Database from the

“Database” type of sources

And then click “Connect”

Connecting Data - Prepare
Connecting to SQL Server (an example)

Specify an instance to connect to

Optionally, specify a database – if not, a list will be

presented

Specify Data Connectivity mode

Advanced options includes Timeout, query, failover

support option, etc.
Connecting Data - Prepare
Connecting to SQL Server (an example)

A DirectQuery enabled data source will include

both “Import” and “DirectQuery” option in
connection setting dialog

DirectQuery allows querying very large datasets

and with a live connection (no data is imported)

Import brings all the data into the Desktop

Connecting Data - Prepare
Connecting to SQL Server (an example)

Select the right authentication

type for your data source

Authentication options will

depend on the connector used

Use Windows or Database

credentials for on premises SQL
databases
Connecting Data - Prepare
Connecting to SQL Server (an example)

Now select the desired tables

A preview is generated for ease of

use

You can use relationship

detection per-table

Choose “Load” if the data is ready

Choose “Transform Data” if the

data needs to be transformed
Connecting Data - Prepare
Connecting to Microsoft SQL Server (an example)

Use Query Editor to further refine our data, if we specified “Transform Data”:
Connecting Data - Prepare
Connecting to SQL Server (an example)

Finally, we would apply our changes so

that we can start exploring the data

Close & Apply – Closes the query

editor and loads the data

Apply – Re-loads the data from source

Close – Closes the query editor

without applying changes
Connecting Data - Prepare
Changing connections

After the connections are established,

you can easily change them

For instance, you can change from Test

to Production Environment

Go to File -> Options and Settings -

> Data Source Settings

Specified credentials can be cleared

The scope can be the current file or

previous created connections
Connecting Data - Prepare
.pbids files

Streamlines “Get
Data”.

Only one source

is allowed

JSON Format
(requires escape
characters)
Connecting Data - Prepare
Power BI Custom Connectors

Create your own data connector which can be added to the Get Data menu.

Connect to a data source that may not be supported yet by Power BI Desktop or simplify
access to data marts or other sources

Use your own logic, and use multiple options for credentials, such as Windows, basic, API
Key, and database authentication; and more.

The connector can work in both Import or DirectQuery and works with the gateway.

Created using the same M language used by Power Query; (Power Query SDK is available for
Visual Studio)
Connecting Data - Prepare
Power BI Custom Connectors

Some of these connectors will be certified by Microsoft

A security parameter dictates if non-certified custom connectors can be used
Be mindful of the extensions you run
Questions?
Knowledge Check

What is the primary difference between the two data connectivity modes in
Power BI - Direct Query (DQ) and Import?

Name some connectors that support Direct Query connection

Lesson 3: Shaping Data
Objectives
After completing this learning, you will be able to:

 Describe shaping data to meet business requirements

 Learn different data transformation methods in Power BI
Shaping Data

Shaping is the act of transforming the data to meet our business requirements

Apply data cleaning operations and correct/remove errors

Rename the data so it is more meaningful

Combine data from different data sources in a single table

Create personal (reusable) views of the data

A set of out-of-the box transformations are available to help

A programming language is available for addressing more complex use-cases

Source data is not changed, all the transformations are applied on the Desktop engine
Shaping Data
Power Query Editor

After the data is loaded or

referenced into Power BI
Each entity that was Transformations are
Desktop, the “Transform
loaded from each data applied per-entity,
Data” option in the
source will generate a although it is possible to
“Home” ribbon allows the
separate query combine them.
edition of the imported
entities
Shaping Data
Power Query Editor

1 Query Ribbon

2 The Left Pane

3 The Center Pane

4 The Query Settings Pane

Shaping Data
Power Query Editor – Ribbon

 The “Home” tab contains the common query tasks including the combination
of queries

 The “Transform” tab provides access to common data transformation tasks, such
as adding or removing columns, changing data types, splitting columns, and other
data-driven tasks
Shaping Data
Power Query Editor – Ribbon

 The “Add Column” tab provides additional tasks associated with columns such as formatting
column data, adding custom columns or invoking functions

 The “View” tab provides access to query settings and the Advanced Editor where we can
develop our own data transformation scripts

 The “Tools” tab provides tools for query diagnostics

Shaping Data
Power Query Editor – The Left Pane

Displays the number of active queries

The name of each query

Clicking on a query displays the query

preview on the Center Pane
Also allows to disable the query load

Organizing the queries into groups

Options for duplicating or creating a

reference
Shaping Data
Power Query Editor – The Center Pane

Displays the data for the selected query and the current transformation step

Many of the transformations can be directly applied here, namely, column related

It displays a preview of the data and might not display the entire dataset
Shaping Data
Power Query Editor – The Query Settings Pane

Each transformation that is applied to a query generates a step

Those steps are applied in order to generate the desired result

Order can be changed if it respects the needs of previous steps

It is also possible to edit each step’s properties via this pane

Possible to add Description to Query steps

 Demonstration

Building a Query
• Query Features Inside of
Power BI Desktop
Shaping Data
Available Data Transformations

Transform
• Manage columns • Filter Table
• Reduce rows • Pivot/Unpivot
• Merge/Split columns • Change Data Types
• Group rows in a table • Text/Number/Date Formatting
• Aggregate data from a table • Extract parts of strings
• Use first Row as headers • Fill Rows
• Replace Values • Expand Rows from a related table
• Transpose • Merge Queries
• Reverse Rows • Append Queries
• Count Rows • Combine Binaries
• Conditional Columns
And more …
Shaping Data
Available Data Transformations

Add Column
• Insert Custom Column (also used to
invoke functions)
• Insert Index Column
• Duplicate Column
• Column From Examples
Shaping Data
Available Data Transformations

Column From Examples

• Useful when the result is
known, but not the
transformations to apply
or where they are
• Generates an expression
automatically (like Excel’s
Flash Fill)
Shaping Data
Available Data Transformations – Machine Learning Scripts

Run R or Python Scripts from the Query Editor

Perform data cleansing, advanced data shaping, and analytics including completion of missing data, predictions,
and clustering etc.

R or Python engine should be installed locally

Shaping Data
Available Data Transformations – Advanced Editor

Every transformation generates code automatically

For more advanced scenarios

OOB transformations will cover more than 90% of the cases

Shaping Data
Query folding

In some cases, Power BI Desktop will be able to push the transformation work to the data source

This is important from an optimization perspective.

If query folding doesn’t happen, all the data has to be loaded into the tool

SELECT 3
[salesordernumber] as [Sales Order Number],
[salesorderlinenumber] AS
[SalesOrderLineNumber],
[salesreasonkey] AS [SalesReasonKey]
FROM
[dbo].[factinternetsalesreason] 1
1 WHERE
[salesorderlinenumber] = 2 2
2
3
Shaping Data
Query folding

Supported data sources:

• Relational Databases
• Odata
• Exchange
• Active Directory

Not all transformations are supported (for

instance, custom SQL prevents folding)
In order to see what query is being generated
use the “View Native Query” option, for a given
step.
As the tool evolves, more transformations and
sources will support folding
Shaping Data
Query formulas

The language was previously known as M or Power Query Formula Language

Has a standard library with built-in functions:

[Link]

Is case-sensitive and strongly typed

Every transformation generates code automatically. Each step maps to an instruction.

Use the Advanced Editor to edit the query or Blank Query data source to start from an
empty query
Shaping Data
Query formulas – an example

Each step name is prefixed

Several built-in functions
with a # if it has spaces and
Every query starts with a let implement the interface
its name matches exactly
instruction and ends with an functionality with the
the one in the Query
in [Link](…) syntax
Settings Pane and the
like [Link]
order is also the same
Shaping Data
Query formulas – User Functions

Parameters are
Functions allow for
The procedure must be declared in the function
code reuse. They
enclosed in a new let definition and then they
require following
and in block can be used to make
syntax:
the procedure generic:
Shaping Data
Query formulas – User Functions

Notice the fx icon

You can invoke Supports
in the Left Pane
them via the Query parameters of type
that indicates a
Editor “Table”
user function
Shaping Data
Query formulas – User Functions

You can also invoke

them with the Add M Intellisense is
Custom Column task or supported. Can be
with Invoke Custom turned off in options.
Function.
Shaping Data
Query Parameters

 Queries and other objects can use parameters to get a dynamic behavior
Shaping Data
Query Parameters

Each parameter generates a query

Can be referenced from other queries and loaded to the data model for use in calculations

Support for parameters is available throughout the tool

Shaping Data
Query data profiling

Allowing you to easily identify errors and

empty values in your data previews

Quality bar below the column headers

indicating whether there were any error values
found or not.

“Column quality” option under the View tab

Column Distribution allows you to get a sense

for the overall distribution of values within a
column in your data previews, including the
count of distinct values and unique values
Shaping Data
Query data profiling

Column Profiles Pane – to provide deeper

profiling capabilities for any column. Such as
• Column Statistics - # of errors, empty, valid, duplicated
and unique values. Value distribution measures such as
Min/Max/Average/Median, etc.
• Column distribution – Larger size version of the inline
value distribution histograms, also including the ability
to Keep or Remove values, which will generate the
corresponding Filter Rows step in your query (“Equals” /
“Does Not Equal” filters).

You can also now switch statistics based on

preview to the entire table.
Shaping Data
Query data profiling

 Visibility of each of the data profiling elements can be controlled through the
View tab.
Shaping Data
AI Insights Query Editor

Use AI Insights to gain access to a collection of pre-trained machine learning models that
enhance your data preparation efforts.

With Text Analytics and Vision in Power BI, you can apply different algorithms from
Azure Cognitive Services to enrich your data in Power Query.

Power BI makes it simple to incorporate the insights from models hosted on the Azure
Machine Learning service, using straightforward point-and-click gestures
Shaping Data
Query dependency view

 View dependencies across all queries and data sources

 Demonstration

• Power Query Editor

walkthrough
 Power BI Desktop

• Shaping Data
Questions?
Knowledge Check

Why do we need to shape our data?

What are some examples of available data transformations in Power BI Desktop?

Lesson 4: Creating a Data Model
Objectives
After completing this learning, you will be able to:

 Describe modeling data to meet business requirements

 Learn different relationship models
 Learn different data types
Creating a Data Model

After data connections are created and the data is shaped according to the business requirements, we
start modeling it

Relationships between the extracted tables can be established to allow filtering

Calculations can be created for additional context or for implementing business metrics or even key
performance indicators

Data can be categorized, typed, and formatted

Custom sorting can be implemented for the attributes

Creating a Data Model
Data View

D
A Data View icon
C
E
B Data Grid – Shows the
data for a selected table
A

C Modeling Ribbon –
Manage relationships,
B calculations, data types,
formats, and
categorization
F
D Formula bar – DAX
formulas for calculations

Filtering & E Search – Search for

sorting options tables or column names

F Fields List – Select a

table or column to view
in the Data Grid
Creating a Data Model
Model View

A Model view icon – shows the

relationships in the model. Here you
can create relationships or view
them.

A B Relationship – you can hover your

B cursor over a relationship to show
the columns used.
Double-click on a relationship to
open it in the Edit Relationship
dialog box

In the example, Sales and Stores

have a relationship via StoreKey
Creating a Data Model
Model View

Allows the creation of customized layouts (subsets)

Multiple diagram layouts

Bulk editing of columns, measures, and tables.

Allows setting object (tables or columns) properties directly

on the diagram

Allows setting properties en masse

Allows the creation of display folders

Creating a Data Model
Relationships

They connect two tables allowing filtering and calculations using columns from both. No
need to flatten!

They are based on a single column from each table. One table acts as a lookup table
and the other as a referencing table

The datatypes for the columns do not have to be the same

Relationships can be created manually or automatically inferred by the tool

More than one relationship can exist between two tables

Creating a Data Model
Relationships – Creation

Relationships can be created manually by using the Manage Relationships tab.

Or by dragging-and-dropping columns in the Modelling View

There is also an auto-detect feature where Power BI desktop will rely on column names and data
types (or constraints defined in the data source) to detect relationships
Creating a Data Model
Relationships - Cardinality

 Many to One (*:1) or One to Many (1:*)

Creating a Data Model
Relationships – One to One (1:1)

In a One to One relationship there are no repeating

values for the column in either table.

Power BI Desktop will automatically detect this and set

it automatically.

Only set it if always true

Creating a Data Model
Relationships – Many to Many

This relationship
indicates that neither of
the tables contain unique
values.
Power BI Desktop will
automatically detect
this and display a
warning.
Creating a Data Model
Relationships - Direction

The direction of the relationship determines how data can be filtered.

Single is the typical behavior in star-schemas where dimension tables (lookup) filter fact tables (transactional
tables). filter propagates from one side to the many side of the relationship (Dimension to Fact table). This
allows for slicing and filtering fact data using dimension attributes

Both tables act as if together in a single table, so filtering is possible on either side of the relationship.
Creating a Data Model
Relationships – Direction

 In some cases, we may want filter to propagate from many to the one side of
the relationship.
 E.g. Show number of products of each color sold by each salesperson.
 Wrong result using “Single” direction
Creating a Data Model
Relationships – Direction

 In some cases, we may want filter to propagate from many to the one side of
the relationship.
 E.g. Show number of products of each color sold by each salesperson.
 Correct result using “Both” direction
Creating a Data Model
Relationships – Direction

 Don’t turn on “Both” direction for every relation. It is slower and might return
unexpected results
Creating a Data Model
Relationships – Direction

The Both direction type also enables Many to Many relationships

∑ 4700
Creating a Data Model
Relationships – Active and Inactive

In the above example, three

More than one relationship
The columns from the relationships exist. The full
can exist between two
transactional table must be line represents the active
tables, but only one can be
different (in this case, we aggregate
active at a time
on Due Date)
Creating a Data Model
Relationships – Active and Inactive

It is possible to control which relationship is active by using the Manage Relationships window

It is also possible to use DAX to activate a relationship in a calculation or import the lookup
table more than once
Creating a Data Model
Relationships – Parent-Child

 Not supported natively. As a workaround, denormalize the table.

Parent-Child
Key Parent Denormalized
Sintra Lisbon Key District Country Region
Lisbon Portugal Sintra Lisbon Portugal Europe

Portugal Europe
Creating a Data Model
Relationships – Data Quality Issues

If data has null or blank values for the columns that support
relationships either:
• Remove those rows (which might affect statistics and summarizations)
• Define a default value that replaces those values so that a match is made

If duplicate values exist in a lookup table, a relationship cannot be

created
• Remove the duplicates so that the lookup table contains none. You can use the data
shaping features of Power BI Desktop to do it.
Creating a Data Model
Relationships – Options

Import relationships Update or delete

from data sources on relationships when
first load (like foreign refreshing data– might
keys in relational remove manual
databases) relationships

Autodetect new
relationships after
data is loaded – useful
when adding more
tables to the model
Creating a Data Model
Relationships – DirectQuery

Assume Referential Integrity

is an optimization to tell the
engine that there are no
“lookup failures” between
the two tables – typical in data
warehousing scenarios
between facts and dimensions
Creating a Data Model
Data Types

By default, Power BI Desktop

Automatic type detection Data types can be set
detects data types
option can be disabled both at the Query
automatically when loading the
globally which can be
data for more efficient storage,
found under Options dialog Editor and in the
calculations, and data Modeling tab
(under Global > Data Load)
visualization

Recommended to set data type in Query Editor

Creating a Data Model
Data Types

Numeric Types
• Decimal Number – eight byte floating point number. The largest value is 15 digits long and decimal separator can occur anywhere.
• Fixed Decimal Number – It allows 19 digits with 4 digits of precision. The largest value is 922,337,203,685,477.5807 . Digits to the right of the 4 digits of
precision are truncated. Good to avoid rounding errors.
• Whole Number – eight byte integer value. It has no decimal places. It allows 19 digits from -2 63 to 2 63-1 and allows the largest value of the numeric
types.
• Percentage – An input value such as “5%” will be automatically recognized as a Percentage value and converted to a 2-digit precision decimal number
(i.e. 0.05).

Text type

True/False type

Date/Time Types

Date/Time – Dates with time from year 1900 to 9999

• Date – A date without a time portion
• Time – Only the time portion
• Date/Time/Timezone – Represents a UTC Date/Time
• Duration – The difference between two Date/Time or Time fields

Blank/Nulls type – represents and replaces SQL nulls.

Creating a Data Model
Data Categorization

Categorizing the fields is relevant for geographical fields or for image or URL
fields

In the modeling tab a field can be classified at a certain geographical granularity or

as an image that comes from an URL or a text field which is actually an URL.

Power BI desktop will render data based on this categorization

Am I seeing country sales or US

states’ sales?
Is AL, Albania or Alabama? Or, is
AR, Argentina or Arkansas?
Creating a Data Model
Standard Data Formatting

 Built-in formats based on data types.

Creating a Data Model
Custom Format Strings

 Created in Model view.

 VBA style syntax.
Creating a Data Model
Sorting by Column

By default, Power BI desktop will sort data in a column based on the alphabet

It is possible to use a separate column to determine sorting

Creating a Data Model
Hierarchies

Can be created in the Data View

They must use attributes from a single entity
Can be used in the different visualizations, allowing drill down
Imported Power Pivot models or connected to SSAS models with hierarchies are also usable
Creating a Data Model
Mark custom date table

You can mark a custom table as a date table (suppresses OOB date tables)

Date hierarchies, time intelligence and Quick Measures become enabled

Must contain at least one column of type “Date” or “Date/Time”

Must be contiguous
Creating a Data Model
Aggregations

Benefits of Aggregations:
Aggregations are a way to store only • Query performance on large datasets
summarized values in memory, to • Data refresh optimization
provide the fastest access to • Achieve balanced architectures
aggregated data without having to
load your entire dataset into Power BI
Creating a Data Model
Import From Microsoft Excel

If you already have data

models created in Excel, Power Query, Power Pivot When finished, there is no
you can import them into and Power View content longer a dependency on
Power BI Desktop (opposite, will be “migrated” the Excel file
not possible)
Creating a Data Model
Curate Featured Tables for Excel ( Preview )

Curate featured tables to Enable members of your

be referenced in Excel that organization to find and use A featured table must have
will enrich your Excel sheets relevant and refreshable a description, a row label,
with authoritative enterprise data to ultimately make and a key column.
data. better decisions
 Demonstration

Data Model Quick Tour

 Power BI Desktop

• Creating the Data Model

Questions?
Knowledge Check

What are the different relationship cardinality supported in Power BI data

models?

What is the impact of using “Both” filter direction?

Lesson 5: Calculations
Objectives
After completing this learning, you will be able to:

 Learn different calculation methods to prepare data

Calculations
DAX Basics

Microsoft Excel like Language that allows the extension of the model
with additional business logic

Ideal for complex calculations such as time intelligence, growth

formulas, ratios, and more complex KPIs

Business rules can be materialized at the row level (Calculated Column)

or can be calculated on-the-fly (Measures)

Certain capabilities might overlap with Formula Language

Calculations
DAX Basics – Syntax

A An expression always starts with the name of the calculation

B The equal sign indicates the beginning of the formula

C A function or a combination of functions is applied which will return a value

D The arguments of the function (can be a reference to columns or additional functions)

E The table that is being referenced

F The column that is being referenced for the specified table

Calculations
DAX Basics - Functions

A function always references a column or a table. Filters can be added to filter context of evaluation

A function always returns a value or a table. When a table is returned, further functions should be
applied to obtain a value

Several time intelligence functions exist out of the box

Some Excel functions are also valid (like MONTH, FLOOR…)

Full reference of available functions here: [Link]

Calculations
DAX Basics – List Separator and Decimal Symbol

DAX authoring will default to using the

standard DAX characters of comma as
the list separator and period as the
decimal symbol.

If you want to default back to the list

separator and decimal symbols defined
by your machine’s Region settings, ,use
DAX separators option under Options
and settings > Options > Global >
Regional settings:
Calculations
DAX Basics – Dax Editor

The editor has keyboard shortcuts, line numbers, and indent lines. The
experience is very similar to what you have for other Microsoft editors, such as
VS Code.
Calculations
DAX Basics – Creating Calculations

Select the Data View and

then the Modeling tab for Type the expression in the
the target table (or with Formula Bar
the table contextual menu)
Calculations
DAX Basics – How are calculations applied?

Row context can be thought of as the current row - like an iterator

Filter context determines the conditions that filter data, for a particular visualization, and can
be applied on top of Row Context

Row Context

This cell corresponds to the sum of “Sales

Minus Tax” for all rows that belong to the
Calendar Year“2012” and Gender is “M”
Calculations
Calculated Columns

They are persisted in the model and are calculated row-by-row (Row Context)

They increase the size and memory requirements for the model

They can be re-used in other calculations

DAX Functions can be used in their definition (beware of aggregations)

Calculations
Calculated Columns

A calculation or a numeric
field has a “Default A Calculated Column with a
With a different
Summarization” – defines “Default Summarization” of
summarization will appear
how it is aggregated when “Do not summarize” will
with
placed on a visualization, by appear with
default
Calculations
Measures

Measures are calculated when they are used in a particular

visualization

And they can also be calculated on a row-by-row basis

They can be implicit – an aggregation of a field with “Default

Summarization” different from “Do Not Summarize”

They can be explicit, where they are the result of a DAX expression. You
cannot control the aggregation for this type.
Calculations
Measures

They can (and should) Measures are

be referenced from evaluated for each
other measures – this cell they appear in
is a best practice (Filter Context)

CalendarYear=2012
Promotion=“Reseller”
Gender=“M”

The total is also calculated

independently. It is not an
aggregation of the rows.
Calculations
Measures

Data categorization can be set on

measures. Can do things like:
• use measures to dynamically create URLs
and mark the data category as a Web URL;
especially useful to create link off to other
Power BI reports with URL filter
parameters.
• create DAX measures to create interesting
insights such as dynamic sparklines
using SVG images
Calculations
Calculated Tables

New tables can also be

Become new tables which They behave like regular created in the Query
are the result of a DAX tables and created via Editor with Formula
Expression Modeling Tab Language or by typing or
pasting content
Calculations
Show value as

Out-of-the-box calculations that can be applied without coding

Accessible via field well, you can change how a numerical value or measure is displayed
Calculations
Advanced Calculations

 CALCULATE(<measure expression>, <filter1>, <filter2>, …) allows us to

change the filter context

No Discount Sales =
CALCULATE (
    SUM ( FactResellerSales[SalesAmount] );
    DimPromotion[EnglishPromotionName] = "No Discount"
)
Calculations
Advanced Calculations

FILTER allows more complex filtering but is less performant than CALCULATE

Should be used to filter on smaller tables like Dimensions

It follows the relationships in order to filter, so its results are more user-friendly
Calculations
Advanced Calculations

Sales with Big Discount =
CALCULATE (
    SUM ( FactResellerSales[SalesAmount] );
    DimPromotion[DiscountPct] > 0.1
)

Sales with Big Discount FILTER =
CALCULATE (
    SUM ( FactResellerSales[SalesAmount] );
    FILTER ( DimPromotion; DimPromotion[DiscountPct] > 0.1 )
)
Calculations
Advanced Calculations

 ALL removes the filter applied to a table or column.

 Useful for ratio-to-parent calculations

Percentage of Product Net Revenue =

DIVIDE (
    SUM (Sales[Net Revenue]);
    CALCULATE (
        SUM (Sales[Net Revenue]);
        ALL ( Product[Product Name] )
    )
)
Calculations
Advanced Calculations

X Functions (SUMX, MAXX, MINX, AVERAGEX, COUNTX, COUNTAX)

Parameters (<table or table expression>,<arithmetic expression>)

It will iterate each row on the first table and apply the arithmetic
expression.
Useful for row-by-row calculations, correcting TOTALS and hidden
calculations
Might, potentially, be slower than SUM
Calculations
Advanced Calculations

X Functions - Row-by-row
SalesAmountwithSUMX =
SUMX (
    FactResellerSales;
    FactResellerSales[OrderQuantity] * FactResellerSales[UnitPrice]
)
Calculations
Advanced Calculations

 RANKX(<table expression>;<arithmetic expression>;<sort order>;<tie

handler>)
 Gets an ordinal position for the selected column

ProductRank =
RANKX ( ALL ( DimProduct[ProductAlternateKey] ); [Sales];; DESC; SKIP )
Calculations
Advanced Calculations

 HASONEVALUE lets us test if only a single element is selected for a column

ProductRankEnhanced =
IF (
    HASONEVALUE ( DimProduct[ProductAlternateKey] );
    RANKX ( ALL ( DimProduct[ProductAlternateKey] ); [Sales];; DESC; SKIP );
    BLANK ()
)
Calculations
Advanced Calculations

 TOPN(<n>;<table>;<order by expression>) returns the top N rows for a table

TOPN ( 10; VALUES ( DimProduct[ProductAlternateKey] ); [Sales]; DESC )

 The VALUES function is required to remove duplicates, if they exist. Not

needed if they don’t
Calculations
Advanced Calculations

 TOPN does not return a scalar

 It should be then used as context to return a scalar

TOP10Products =
CALCULATE (
    [Sales];
    TOPN ( 10; VALUES ( DimProduct[ProductAlternateKey] ); 
[Sales]; DESC )
Calculations
Advanced Calculations – Support for Excel Financial Functions

Almost all financial functions that you know and love from Excel are now available in DAX.

The functions have the same name and signature as their Excel counterpart.

These financial functions make it easier to build financial reports and perform otherwise
complex calculations in Power BI
Calculations
Advanced Calculations – Time Intelligence

Many DAX functions exist to support time calculations. There are two types:
 Functions that require a CALCULATE

SalesYTD =
CALCULATE ( [Sales]; DATESYTD ( DimDate[FullDateAlternateKey] ) )

• Functions that return a scalar (syntactic sugar)

SalesYTDNoCalculate =
TOTALYTD ( [Sales]; DimDate[FullDateAlternateKey] )
Calculations
Advanced Calculations – Time Intelligence

SalesLastMonth =
CALCULATE ( [Sales]; 
DATEADD ( DimDate[FullDateAlternateKey]; -1; MONTH ) )

SalesSamePeriodLastYear =
CALCULATE ( [Sales]; 
SAMEPERIODLASTYEAR ( DimDate[FullDateAlternateKey] ) )

MonthOverMonth =
DIVIDE ( ( [Sales] - [SalesLastMonth] ); [SalesLastMonth] )

SalesSinceEver =
CALCULATE (
    [Sales];
    DATESBETWEEN (
        DimDate[FullDateAlternateKey];
        FIRSTDATE ( ALL ( DimDate[FullDateAlternateKey] ) );
        LASTDATE ( DimDate[FullDateAlternateKey] )
    )
)
Calculations
Advanced Calculations – Time Intelligence

To enable time intelligence with

your date tables, two conditions
are necessary:

The relationship between the fact table and

the date table must be done through a date
field on both sides; Otherwise, the date table
should be exclusively marked as Date Table.

The calculation must then target the date

column on the date dimension which must be
contiguous
Calculations
Advanced Calculations – Time Intelligence with Auto Date/Time

 A hierarchy is automatically generated for each date field on each table

 Calculations need to be done with the “in-line” notation

SalesAmountYTD =
CALCULATE (
    SUM ( FactInternetSales[SalesAmount] );
    DATESYTD ( FactInternetSales[OrderDate].[Date] )
)
Calculations
Advanced Calculations – Note on Auto date/time

Auto date/time is not recommended for large tables with many

different date attributes and/or broad range of dates.

This feature can bloat the data model by creating separate internal
date dimension tables for each date attribute.

Can be disabled under Data Load settings.

For large tables, bring your own Date table and mark it as Date Table.
Calculations
DAX Variables

Variables makes writing DAX code easier, increases readability, reusability and maintenance of DAX code.

Variables can improve query performance

Syntax:
• VAR keyword introduces the definition of a variable
• RETURN keyword defines the expression to return as the result

myFormula =
VAR = VariableName1 = <some valid DAX formula>
VAR = VariableName2 = <some other valid DAX formula>
RETURN <another valid DAX formula that can use VariableName1
and VariableName2 as part of the expression>
Calculations
DAX Variables

Can have as many variables in an expression as required, and each one has its own definition

Variables can contain scalar values or tables

DAX evaluates variables in the context of their definition, not in the one where they are used.

Once the variable has been assigned a value, that value cannot change during the execution of the RETURN portion of
the formula
The results of the variable calculations are cached for reuse inside the formula

Variables can refer other variables, measures or calculated columns

VAR myScalarValue = SUM(Sales[Extended Amount])

VAR myTable = FILTER(Customer, Customer[Post Code] = 50210)
Calculations
DAX Variables (example)

To calculate a percentage of year-over-year growth without using a variable, we could create three separate
measures:
Sum of SalesAmount = SUM(SalesTable[SalesAmount])
SalesAmount PreviousYear=CALCULATE([Sum of SalesAmount], SAMEPERIODLASTYEAR(Calendar[Date]))
Sum of SalesAmount YoY%=DIVIDE(([Sum of SalesAmount] – [SalesAmount PreviousYear]), [Sum of SalesAmount]))

Using a variable, we can create a single measure that calculates the same result

YOY% = VAR CurrentSales = SUM(Sales[Net Revenue])

VAR SalesLastYear = CALCULATE(SUM(Sales[Net Revenue]), SAMEPERIODLASTYEAR('Date'[Date]))
RETURN IF(CurrentSales, DIVIDE(CurrentSales - SalesLastYear, CurrentSales))

Advantages:

• More readable code

• Better query performance (result of expression is stored in the variable upon declaration and doesn’t have to be recalculated each time it is
used)
Calculations
Quick Measures

Allow you to build calculations, without knowing DAX

Also works with live connection mode against SSAS models.

Available calculations are organized in 6 categories:

• Aggregate within category
• Filters and baselines
• Time Intelligence
• Running Total
• Mathematical Operations
• Text

Start with an element on the field well or on the field list and create calculation

It’s great for learning!

 Demonstration

Calculations (optional)

Disconnected Tables
(optional)
 Power BI Desktop

• Extending the Data Model

Questions?
Knowledge Check

What are some of the differences between Calculated Columns and Calculated
Measures?

Why should you avoid Auto Datetime feature?

What are the advantages of using DAX variables?

Lesson 6: Building a Report
Objectives
After completing this learning, you will be able to:

 Describe building a report

 Learn different chart types on Power BI Desktop
 Learn different interactive features on Power BI Desktop
Building a Report
Report View

 The first canvas that is presented to the user Available fields to

explore
Available
Visualization
Types

Report related View data

Toggle ribbon options configuration
Report View

Filters pane Toggle between

Report Page Data and Properties
Selection
Building a Report
Report View

Use drag-and-drop and search to build your analysis like a pivot table in Excel
Building a Report
Modern Ribbon

Modern Ribbon: same ribbon used for Office 365

• Improved look and feel and organization

• A themes gallery, where you can more easily see what colors will be applied
• Dynamic ribbon content based on your view, so you no longer have many disabled buttons in the
data and modeling view
• A single line ribbon when the ribbon is collapsed, which allows you to save space while working
• The ribbon won’t occasionally freeze, for those who had that issue with the previous ribbon
• You can use key tips to navigate and select buttons in the ribbon and title bar. To activate keytips,
press Alt + Windows Key.
Building a Report
Keyboard Shortcuts

Click “?” to access

keyboard shortcuts
Building a Report
Visualizations

Several visualizations exist out-of-the box and developed by 3rd party

Choose the one that best conveys your message

New visualizations are released frequently

Change easily between visualizations

Each visualization has its own data settings and properties

Fine control on display settings

Visualizations can be responsive

Building a Report
Choosing the Right Charts for the Right Purpose
Comparison Composition Trend Distribution Status Geographic Relationships Slicing/Filtering

Stacked Bar Tree Line Scatter Plot KPI Map Area

Clustered Bar Pie Funnel Bubble Gauge Filled Map Bubble

Clustered Column Stacked Area Line and Stacked Column Map Multi-row Card

Table 100% Stacked Column Stacked Column Card

Matrix Water Fall

© 2020 Microsoft. All rights reserved.
Building a Report
Visualizations – Properties

Filtering settings via text search

Pixel level control of placement and size
Enables the X/Y-Axis, control alignment, title and color and scale (Y - linear/log)
Enables a reference line for a particular value and with formatting options
Granular control on the color of each axis occurrence
Display the values associated to a series. Control the unit, color and font
Plot area formatting, namely define an image as background
Enable the title and format it
Enable a background color and define transparency
Lock the current aspect
Enable a border and control its color

* Properties vary, depending on visualization.

Building a Report
Common visual properties - Numerical fields and aggregations

Any numerical field can have a summarization other

than its default

A numerical field with default “Do not summarize”

can still be aggregated in the field pane

Measures cannot change their aggregation

Building a Report
Common visual properties - Data Labels

Data labels make a chart easier to understand, because they show details about
a data series or its individual data points.
Building a Report
Common visual properties - Bar chart controls

Maximum size control Slider

Increase area used for axis can be used to
labels & Cross highlight axis increase/decrease the
labels percentage of the chart used
by the axis labels..
Building a Report
Common visual properties - Analytics pane

Analytics pane will be the central location for all analytical features

Add dynamic reference lines and trend lines on charts

Analytical features available only for select visuals

Building a Report
Common visual features - Sorting

It is possible to sort data according to numeric values or to data categories, for each visualization

For categories, the order that is used is either alphabetical (or numerical) or the custom sort order

Data can be presented ascending or descending

Building a Report
Common visual features – Export, Focus mode and more

Data for a visualization can be exported as .csv file

Alignment and Depth can be controlled

Focus mode pops-up the visualization

It is possible to overlay visualizations

It is possible to copy visuals between files (schema must

match!)
Building a Report
Visualizations – Textboxes, Images and Shapes
Building a Report
Static web URL support for buttons, shapes, and & images

You can link a specific website through an image, shape or button. You can do this by selecting
the Web URL option in the Type dropdown of the Action card of the formatting pane.
Building a Report
Wallpapers

With new wallpaper feature,

we can format the grey area
outside report page to theme
the entire report area.

If the page background has a

transparency higher that 50%,
you will see a grey dotted line
in editing mode to help see
where the edge of your page
is.
Building a Report
Report Themes

Definition of theme as JSON file

Define your custom color palette

Define your default value of settings

Built-in report themes available

The color palette will be applied to all visualizations (except if custom data points
were defined)

The theme gets applied in the service, too.

There are generators themes, you don’t need to code!

Possible to customize through a dialog

Building a Report
Customize & Export Current Theme

The most common options of your current theme can be customized through a dialog in Power BI Desktop
instead of needing to write or modify a JSON file.

The settings that can be customized are divided into different categories like name and colors, text, visuals,
page settings

Custom theme can also be exported to be reused

Building a Report
Page View
Building a Report
Page Properties

Page Background
Page Size and
Name (both color and
Format
image)
Building a Report
Hidden pages

Right click on Page and select “Hide Page” to hide it in Reading View

Hidden Pages still shown on Design View, but look different to indicate they are hidden

Hidden pages can still be accessed through drill through or bookmark

Building a Report
Report gridlines and snap to grid

Enable gridlines on your report canvas while authoring

Snap to gridlines
 Demonstration

Report Design Basics

Building a Report
Interactive Features - Cross-Filtering and Cross-Highlight

Clicking or drilling on
You can multi-select A tooltip displays the
a visualization element, Click an empty space
data points across highlighted portion
filters other to clear the filter
multiple visualizations and the total
visualizations
Building a Report
Interactive Features - Cross-Filtering and Cross-Highlight

Can change default visual interaction from cross highlighting to cross-filtering

Building a Report
Interactive Features - Visual Interactions

You can control interactions between visualizations

Click a visualization, the master, and on the other visualizations select the type of interactivity

This option enables cross-filter

This option enables cross-highlight

This option disables filtering

Building a Report
Interactive Features - Report Filtering

Filters can be applied at three different levels:

• Visual – The filter only applies to the current visualization
• Page – The filter applies for every visualization on the page
• Report – The filter applies for every visualization for every page
in the report (file)

Filter experience
• Dedicated filter pane with advanced options.
Building a Report
Interactive Features - Report Filtering

Filtering pane Add/Remove individual filters

configuration
and
customization Show/Hide individual filters or the entire filter pane from report
consumers
features:
Lock filters as read only for report consumers

Formatting options for the filter pane to make it feel like part of the
report

Flexibility of defining default expand / collapsed filter pane at report load

time for consumers.

Rename filters by double clicking the filter title.

Sort the filter pane

Filter pane search allows you to search across your filter cards.

Supports basic, advanced, conditional (AND OR), Top N, relative date

filters and more
Building a Report
Interactive Features - Report Filtering

Filtering pane Lock or hide individual filter cards.

configuration
and
customization
features Use the formatting pane to format the entire pane as well as each filter card
(cont.): in the pane. Can format using theme files too.

Report Settings -> Filtering experience section, includes option to restrict

changes to filter type. If turned off, report consumers won’t have access to the
dropdown to switch between the basic and advanced types of filters.
Building a Report
Report Filtering Pane (cont.)

Filtering pane Report consumers can see a read only view of filters that are
configuration affecting the visual.
and
customization Hover over a filter icon in the visual header to see the filters, slicers,
features cross-highlighting state that is affecting the data on the visuals.
(cont.): Can turn on this new filter icon through filter formatting options.
Building a Report
Interactive Features - Report Filtering

Basic filtering, which allows searching

Filters on measures differ in behavior when

placed at different filtering levels
• Visual Level – the filter is for the aggregated values (default is
sum)
• Page or Report Level – the filter is applied at row level

Include/Exclude data points

Building a Report
Interactive Features - Slicers

Filter data on multiple visualizations (like Excel slicers)

Allow Select All

Multi and Single selection

Radio buttons and allows one and only one filter selection

Special slicers for date field (relative!) and numeric

Slicers are searchable

Hierarchical slicer with various collapse/expand icons

Building a Report
Interactive Features - Slicers

Sync slicers allows You can set this Hidden slicer will be Create custom Supports standard
the applications of behavior through put on every page, groups of slicers to OOB slicer visual and
filters to multiple the “Sync slicers” and you can control sync under some custom visual
pages pane visibility Advanced options like Hierarchy slicer
Building a Report
Query reduction

You can reduce the It is useful for very Set to enable an

number of queries large or very slow “Apply” button that
when you use slicers or data sources in will appear in the
filters DirectQuery objects
Building a Report
Interactive Features - What-If Parameter

Create new parameters and use it for what-if analysis

You have to apply it in your own calculations

 Demonstration

Visual Interactions, Filters &

Slicers
Building a Report
Visualizations – Table and Matrix

Table contains related data in a logical

series of rows and columns; may also
contain headers and a row for totals

Matrix is like a table but automatically

aggregates the data and enables drill
down, making it easier to display data
meaningfully across multiple dimensions

Contains predefined styles for Table and

Matrix
Building a Report
Visualizations – Table and Matrix (Conditional Formatting)

Conditional formatting options

• Background color
• Font color
• Data bars
• Icons

Conditional Formatting Warnings

• Invalid measure data type
• Deleted measure
• Unrecognized measure
Building a Report
Visualizations – Table and Matrix (Conditional Formatting)

Conditional formatting can also be applied to a column based on a different field

Building a Report
Visualizations – Table and Matrix

Supports copying a specific value or a

selection of data from a table or matrix

Copy value will add the unformatted value to

your clipboard

Copy selection will add a tabular version of all

data currently selected in your table or matrix
to the clipboard, including the row and column
headers
Building a Report
Visualizations – Matrix

Like in Excel, it is possible to drill on specific elements of a matrix, whether on columns or rows
Building a Report
Map visuals – Bubble map

Plotting data requires internet connection

Bing is used to return the location

Latitude and Longitude can be used,

but…

Location names are also mapped

automatically

Combine attributes in Location for

increased accuracy and use data categories
Building a Report
Map visuals – Heat map

Heat map formatting option for circle Bing map visual converting all the location
dots on your map to a heat map layer through the formatting pane.
Building a Report
Map visuals – Filled map
Building a Report
Map visuals - ArcGIS

Use ArcGIS Maps as a Power BI visual

Different base maps (dark gray, light gray, open

street maps, and Esri’s standard ArcGIS base
map)
Different themes: Points, Points with Size; Heat
Map and Clusters

Additional Reference Layers (demographic,

public layers)

Location is adaptive: streets are points, counties

are boundaries
Building a Report
Map visuals – ArcGIS

Plus
Sign up / Sing
subscription
in to ESRI PLUS
provides
or connect to
additional base
ArcGISOnline
map and
from the ArcGIS
global
Visualization
demographics

ArcGIS Online
Can put up to
provides secure
5,000 geo
organizational
locations on
data for your
your map
reports
Building a Report
Map visuals – Shape map (Preview)

Shows relative
comparisons of regions Based on
Supports custom maps
on a map by coloring ESRI/TopoJSON maps
them differently
Building a Report
Visualizations – ML Script visuals

Create charts Choose your

based on R or favorite IDE for
Python scripts both, to edit script
Building a Report
Advanced visualizations – Decomposition Tree Visual

Used to perform root-cause analysis by viewing how individual categories in a group contribute to the whole.

The visual lets you decompose, or break down, a group to see its individual categories and how they can be
ranked according to a selected measure, such as by sales amount.
Building a Report
Advanced visualizations - Key Influencer Visual

Understand the factors that drive a metric

you're interested in by analyzing your data,
ranking the factors that matter, and
displaying them as key influencers.

For example, suppose you want to figure out

what influences' employee churn. One factor
might be employment contract length, and
another one might be employee age.
Building a Report
Advanced visualizations - Key Influencer Visual

In the Analyze bucket, numerical, and

categorical fields, with Aug 2019 update
measures can be used.

By default, measure is evaluated based on

the fields in the Explain by bucket.

If you want it to be evaluated over all your

data, add an ID field to the Expand by
bucket.
Building a Report
Visualizations – Custom Visualizations

Ready-made custom visuals

[Link]
ace/apps?product=power-bi-visuals

You can also build your own visualizations (step by

step tutorials available)

After you build them, you can use them or you can
share with the community

If you share, we will do a quality check and make it

available at our marketplace
 Demonstration

Conditional formatting
Building a Report
Visualizations – Custom Visualizations

 Download the visual from store (AppSource) or from file (.pbiviz file
extension)
OR
Building a Report
Visualizations – Custom Visualizations (examples)

Synoptic Panel by OKViz Waffle Chart Sankey Chart

Word Cloud Enlighten Aquarium Stream Graph

Building a Report
Visualizations – Custom Visualizations - xViz Suite (examples)

Multiple Axis Chart Advanced Gauge Chart Funnel Chart

Variance Chart Pyramid Charts

Horizon Chart
Building a Report
Visualizations – Custom Visualizations

R-powered custom visuals

Download and import the R-powered custom

visuals like any regular custom visuals
Building a Report
Visualizations – Organizational Custom Visuals

Power BI admin can deploy specific

visuals as part of your
organizational repository
Building a Report
Personalized visualization pane

Pin any marketplace visual to your pane and have it show up automatically for you every time you open any report

Makes it very easy to standardize on a visual without needing to add it to every single report

Unpin default visuals you do not wish to see.

About shows the visual’s Name, Publisher, etc.

 Demonstration

Custom Visuals
Building a Report
Interactive Features - Drill down and up

It is possible to navigate across attributes if they are stacked on a particular area of a visualization (down/up/across)

Those attributes don’t have to be natural hierarchies, all of them can be mixed.

Drill features works on bar and line charts

Drill up
Expand All down one
level in the hierarchy
Go to the next level
in the hierarchy
Toggle drill mode
Building a Report
Interactive Features - Drill to records

Drill ribbon allows controlling of drilling operations

Use Visual table to view the data in a visual as a table, or use Data point table to view a table of the data used to
calculate a single data point
Building a Report
Interactive Features - Drill through

It is possible to create a page in your report that focuses on a specific entity - such as a supplier, or
customer, or manufacturer.

With that focused report page, users can right-click on a data point in other report pages, and drill
through to the focused page to get details that are filtered to that context.

Back button created automatically

Drill through option on the visual Adding the drill through fields
Building a Report
Interactive Features - Drill through

• Right-click on a data point • Conditionally set the drill through destination for the button
configured for drill through • Conditionally format the tooltips for the enabled and
disabled button state
• A context menu appears, letting
• Individually customize the formatting for the disabled state of
you drill through to that page.
the button
Building a Report
Interactive Features - Drill through (Measures)

Measures can be passed as a drillthrough filter

Can pass all filters and not just specific fields

placed in the bucket by turning on Pass all filters

All filter context from the source page is passed to

the drillthrough page, which is now shown on the
Drillthrough bucket.
Building a Report
Interactive Features - Drill through (cross-report)

Can be used to refer other reports in the same workspace. Through this
you can setup links between reports in the same workspace.

Steps to enable

• Set up a drillthrough target page to be accessed from other reports within a workspace.
• Allow a report to opt into seeing drillthrough pages outside of the
report.                                          
• In the Report settings for the current file section of the Options dialog, enable the Cross-
report drillthrough setting for all reports within a workspace that you want to point that
cross-report drillthrough page
Building a Report
Interactive Features - Bookmarking

Save interesting states as part of your

report.

Pick up where you left off in your

analysis.

Create PowerPoint-like presentation of

your report.

Create report navigation, and more.

Building a Report
Interactive Features - Bookmarking

Set up report to look

Rename or rearrange
how you want and
the bookmarks, as
click the Add button
necessary.
under Bookmarks.

Use bookmark by Use View option to

simply clicking a use bookmarks as a
bookmark from the story or in a
bookmark pane; or presentation.
Building a Report
Interactive Features - Bookmarking

Bookmark will include the following:

• the current page

• Filters
• Slicers
• Sort order
• Drill location
• Visibility (more on this later)
• Any of the “focus” modes

Bookmark links are available for shapes

and images; great feature for creating
custom navigation in reports.
Building a Report
Interactive Features - Bookmark groups

Create sets of bookmarks with different

purposes.

Collect a set of bookmarks together and

give it a name

Each group can be expanded and

collapsed for easy viewing
Building a Report
Interactive Features - Selection Pane

Lists out all objects on the current report page

and allows you to select the visual from here.

Hide visuals on the report through this pane.

Combine this feature with bookmarking to

create interesting reports.

Very useful feature for storytelling purposes.

Building a Report
Interactive Features – Selection Pane (Control order)

Easily change which overlapping objects show on

top on the canvas

Objects higher in Selection list show in front of

objects lower in the list
Building a Report
Interactive Features – Selection Pane (Grouping Visuals)

Group visuals, shapes, textboxes, images, and buttons

together just like in PowerPoint.
Control visibility of individually or as a group from the
selection pane
Possible to ungroup

Possible to merge the groups into one group instead

of nesting them
Clicking on the empty space within the group will not
select anything
If it has background color, you will be able to select
the group
Building a Report
Interactive Features – Spotlight

Call attention to a specific visual without losing context during presentations.

This feature can be included as part of a bookmark.

Building a Report
Interactive Features – Buttons

Add interactive elements to create app-like experience

Several button icons including blank button available

Assign actions like ‘back’, bookmark, Q&A, page navigation and drill through to
buttons

Control format of buttons including text, fill color, hover style, filling with images
( for ex disabled, hover, click ) and more

Also conditionally formatting of buttons & conditionally setting the drill

through and page navigation destination

Use Conditional Formatting to customize the web URL actions.

Building a Report
Interactive Features – Q&A for Report Creation

With Teach Q&A,

Can set up an image, shape Report developers can add Q&A explored auto- definitions and measures
or button to launch Q&A suggested questions for populates with suggested can be added to make Q&A
Explorer end-users questions. work better with the data
model.

Support Top/Bottom N selection

Recommendations for
Improving Results
Building a Report
Interactive Features – Tooltips

 Provide additional context when hovering over a series in a visualization

 They are customizable but only Measures or aggregations can be shown
Building a Report
Interactive Features – Report Page Tooltips

Capability to design a report page to be used as a custom tooltip for other visuals in your report

Full flexibility to design whatever kind of custom tooltips you want, from using cards to show detailed
information to miniature drill through pages shown on hover

HOW TO USE:

• Design the tooltip you want to show

• Mark the page as a tooltip so we know you want to use it as such.
• To start using this tooltip in your report, tie it to a specific field using the Tooltip fields bucket in the Filters pane.
 Demonstration

Drill through, Bookmarks and

Storytelling example

Report Page Tooltips

Building a Report
More reporting features - High Contrast Support

When using Power BI Desktop,

we'll automatically detect which
high contrast theme you're using
High contrast mode Windows
and apply those colors across
settings
your report, like the experience
you're used to with other
Microsoft products, such as Excel.
Building a Report
More reporting features - Conditional formatting for visual titles

Customizing the titles on

the visuals is possible by
using the conditional
formatting.

Create a DAX Expression in the model to

represent the title.

Launch the conditional formatting dialog by

right-clicking the “Title text” area in the property
pane card and picking Conditional formatting. In
the dialog you can now pick the field you have
created earlier. Same can be used to revert it.
Building a Report
More reporting features - Conditional formatting for other visuals

Any visual’s background and both the

visual title’s font color and background
color can be conditionally formatted

For card visual, you can now

conditionally format the data label and
category label colors

You can conditionally format the fill

color of gauge visual
Building a Report
More reporting features - Gradient Legend

You can include a legend for data colors that

have been conditionally formatted by color
scale to help clarify the meaning of the colors.

You can use conditional formatting dialog in

the Data colors card of the formatting pane
to set a new rule to format your data along a
color scale.

This will enable the Legend card in the

formatting pane. You can enable the gradient
legend by toggling it on, then format the
legend as desired.
Building a Report
More reporting features - Grouping and Binning

Group up points on your visual

to easily explore and analyze
related categories

Bin on numerical and time fields

to create data categories
Building a Report
More reporting features - Clustering

Clustering lets you quickly find groups of similar data points in a subset of your data
Building a Report
More reporting features - Forecasting

You can use the forecasting feature on your line chart to do predictive analytics on
your data.

Built-in predictive forecasting models to automatically detect the step

(monthly/weekly/annually) and seasonality in your data to provide forecasting results.
Building a Report
More reporting features - Automatic Date

Automatic detection of DateTime fields

DateTime Fields are automatically expanded when added to a visualization and drilling is
enabled
The DateTime field cannot be connected to an external table

Enable or disable under Options and Data Load

Shows date hierarchy in the field list and allows individual selection
Building a Report
More reporting features - Increase/Decrease Insights

Right click on a bar or a data point in a line chart

Ask us to explain why the data point increased or decreased compared to the data point before it.

machine learning
algorithms

waterfall chart,
scatter chart,
stacked column
chart or
the ribbon chart
Building a Report
More reporting features - Mobile report layout

Create report layouts specific to mobile devices

Visibility indicator allows you to differentiate between hidden and shown

visuals.

After publishing, anyone who views this report on their Power BI mobile
app will see the phone layout of the report

The ability to overlay visuals makes it possible for you to use the same
design techniques you use in web layout to create beautiful, interactive,
mobile-optimized reports.
Building a Report
Row-Level-Security (Creation)

Define roles and rules within Power BI Desktop to restrict the data users see
Supported for both Imported models and DirectQuery connections
Rules (or filters) defined within roles restrict data at the row level
Rules are defined using DAX
Building a Report
Row-Level-Security (Validation)

Test the results of the role within Power BI Desktop

Note that users are assigned to a role within the Power BI service after the solution is
published
Building a Report
Incremental Refresh – PRO + Premium

Define refresh policy in Power BI Desktop to determine how data is refreshed

incrementally when published to Power BI Service

Filtering needs to be done using Power Query date/time parameters with the
reserved names RangeStart and RangeEnd
Building a Report
Performance Analyzer

Measures the processing time (including the time to

create or update a visual) required to update report
elements.

To have Performance Analyzer begin recording, simply

select Start recording.

View and Copy exact DAX query for each visual.

 Power BI Desktop

• Exploring and Reporting

Questions?
Knowledge Check

Name some of the features available in Power BI desktop to make your

report interactive

How can you import custom visuals to Power BI desktop?

Lesson 7: Sharing
Objectives
After completing this learning, you will be able to:

 Learn Power BI template files

 Learn how to publish data and reports to the cloud and connecting back to
the cloud
Sharing
Personalize Visuals Experience for PBI Reports ( Preview )

Empower your end-users to explore and personalize visuals all within the consumption

Consumer capabilities:

• Change the visualization type

• Swap out a measure or dimension
• Add or remove a legend
• Compare two or measures
• Change aggregations
• Capture their changes
• Share their changes
• Reset all changes to a report
• Reset all changes to a visual

It can be saved as a bookmark.

Sharing
Publish to the Cloud

The data model, its data, and reports are uploaded to the service
Sharing
Publish to the Cloud

Any changes made in the report after this or made in the service will not be synced

The filename is used for the dataset name

Republishing replaces the existing dataset (name must be the same)

In order to publish, you must sign-in to the service

Sharing
Connecting back to the Cloud

Once a report is published, a dataset with the data model

becomes available.

It is possible to connect to it from Power BI Desktop and

use it as a support for reports

It is not possible to change the queries or the model, but you

can create DAX measures (like LQ connections to SSAS
Tabular model)

Can also connect to dataflows from Power BI Desktop

Sharing
Export report to PDF

Can export all

visible report
pages to PDF and
then print or
share via email
Sharing
Power BI Template Files

They are generated from existing PBIX files and contain everything, except the data

They are Exported and Imported (also with double-click on template file) via the File Menu

A template file has the PBIT extension

When a template is instantiated, the data is re-read, so the credentials of the current user can be used and any
parameters will have to be input.

The template file will be considerably smaller

Several PBI templates on AppSource ( for ex Microsoft 365 Usage Analytics )

Sharing
Export data options

Flexibility to control what types of data export options are

available for your consumers when the report is published to the
Power BI service.

You can choose to:

• Allow exporting only of summarized data (this will be the

new default for reports)
• Allow exporting of summarized and underlying data (this is
the default for all old reports)
• Don't allow exporting of any data

You can set this in Power BI Desktop through the options dialog
under Report settings.
 Demonstration

Using Templates
Questions?
Knowledge Check

What are some of the data connectivity modes in Power BI?

Name a few built-in transformations in Power Query editor.

What are calculated columns and calculated measures?

What is DAX used for?

Can you build your own visuals for Power BI reports?

What are some of the ways to share your Power BI reports?

Module Summary

Describe Power BI Desktop

Workflow
• Power BI report authoring process

Get Data • Connect to data using different methods

• Transform data to meet business

Shape Data
requirements
Model Data • Create relationships and calculations

Visualize Data • Visualize data

Sharing • Share report with consumers

© Copyright Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.