BASIC MEASUREMENT
Background
History
A unit of measurement is a standardised quantity of a physical property, used as a factor to express
occurring quantities of that property. Units of measurement were among the earliest tools invented by
humans. Primitive societies needed rudimentary measures for many tasks: constructing dwellings of an
appropriate size and shape, fashioning clothing, or bartering food or raw materials.
The earliest known uniform systems of weights and measures seem to have all been created sometime in
the 4th and 3rd millennia BC among the ancient peoples of Mesopotamia, Egypt and the Indus Valley, and
perhaps also Elam in Persia as well.
In "The Magna Carta" of 1215 (The Great Charter) with the seal of King John, put before him by the Barons
of England, King John agreed in Clause 35 "There shall be one measure of wine throughout our whole
realm, and one measure of ale and one measure of corn--namely, the London quart;--and one width of
dyed and russet and hauberk cloths--namely, two ells below the selvage…."[1]. The Magna Carta helped lay
the foundations of freedom codified in English Law and subsequently American Law.
Many systems were based on the use of parts of the body and the natural surroundings as measuring
instruments. Our present knowledge of early weights and measures comes from many sources.
• In daily life, Everything that we use, be it shirts , pants and
others its use measurement. Our shirt for example, there is S
size, M size, L size and XL size that use measurement. The
measurement help our life more regular and not just
randomly way.
• Even early man and ancient man has made measurements to
make buildings, palaces, walls and weapons for war.
The Purposes :
• can use a measuring instrument
• can understand the theory of error (ralat
theory)
• Can determine the significant figures
Basic Theory
• in the measurement have two quantities, the quantities of principal and derivatives.
principal quantities is the quantities that the unit has been established with international
units and can not be derived from other quantities.
•
• In quantities of principal, there is something that named quantities of length. Before the
international units, in every country around the world have different unit length. Because
of these differences, there are difficulties in using of measuring devices and conversion
from one unit to another unit. Therefore, it was agreed that the unit of length is meter.
•
• measure is to compare something that is measured by something else that kind, and has
been designated as a unit.
• Measurements are made in order to increase our knowledge about reality and to provide
bases for decisions. The quality of the decisions is not normally better than the quality of
facts they are based on.
• One difference between a measurement result and many other
products, for example, nails, is that there is usually no prior
specified value for a quantity; the measurement value should be as
close as possible to a true but unknown value. As a “consumer” of
measurement results, one as has therefore often little opportunity
to judge the quality of the measurement results. Instead one has to
refer to the specifications of the “producer” (the laboratory). A
measurement result should therefore contain such information
about the uncertainty which is necessary for a correct interpretation
and judgement in making a decision. The quality of a measurement
result is thus determined both by the structure of errors for the
measurement process used as well as our knowledge of this error
structure
Tools
• Shove ( Jangka sorong in Bahasa Indonesia)
• micrometer screw (mikrometer Sekrup in
Bahasa)
• measuring cup
• Scale
The Way of Practicum
• measure the dimensions of objects available
with shove and micrometer screw.
• determine the mass of the object that the
measure is to use a scale
• measuring the volume of the object with the
measuring cup
Table of Result
• determine the density of iron ball
• determine the density of wire
Conclutions and Recommendations
• Conclusion
• so, each instrument has a measuring accuracy, respectively.
shove and the micrometer screw can be used to measure the
diameter of the object.
• Recommendations
• We must carefull to see value shove and micrometer screw.
Because, if we wrong a bit, we can have big wrong in
calculate. Then, we must serious in this practicum, because it
basic from physic.
Reference
• Resmick, [Link] JILID I.
Erlangga : Jakarta
• Zemansky, Sears.1991. FISIKA UNTUK
UNIVERSITAS. Bina Cipta : Bandung
• Frederick, Bueche. Fisika Edisis Delapan.
Erlangga : Jakarta