O C C U PAT I O N A L , S A F E T Y A N D
H E A LT H F O R E N G I N E E R I N G
LECTURER NAME:ENCIK MARZUKI HUSSAIN
HIRARC
PRESENTATION GROUP BY
1. MUHAMMAD AIMAN HAQIM BIN MOHD HASBI
(12DEE21F1032)
2. CHE MUHAMMAD SYAKIR BIN CHE MOHD ZAINUN
(12DEE21F1040)
3. MUHAMMAD RIDHWAN BIN MOHAMAD SAAT
(12DEE21F1038)
Introduction:
HIRARC is a proactive means of identifying and
eliminating hazards, and provides an acceptable
standard of safety
HIRARC –Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and
Risk Control are three principles used in workplaces
to manage safety and health.
HAZARD DEFINITION:
When a person talks about safety and health risks in the
workplace,he or she is talking about the probability of injury
occurring and its impact on the employee as a result of the hazards
found in his or her [Link] is a measure of the
frequency of the [Link] the probability of an accident and
the impact of an accident can be controlled,then the risk can be
managed so that it can be minimized and accepted.
DEFINITION(CONTINUED
• RISK ASSESSMENT:
• Ov e ra l l p ro c e ss o f e s t i ma t i n g t h e
ma g n it u d e o f Ris k an d d e ci d i n g wh e t h e r o r
n o t ri s k i s t o le r a b le . I d e n t i f y h a z a r d s a n d
r i s k f a c t o r s t h a t h av e t h e p o t e n t i a l t o c a u s e
h a r m ( h a z ar d i d e n t i f i c a t i o n ). A n a l y z e a n d
e v a l u a t e t h e ri s k a s s o c i a t e d wi t h t h a t h a z a r d
• RISK CONTROL:
• Se t of me t h o ds b y wh ic h f i rms e va lu a t e
p o t e n t i a l l o s se s a n d t a k e a ct i o n t o r e d u ce
o r e l i mi n a t e s u c h t h re a t s . Ris k co n t r o l
a l so i mp le me n t s p ro a c t i ve c h a n g e s t o
re d u c e r is k i n t h e s e a re a s .
HAZARD
Hazard is anything that alone or interacting with The first stage involves the process of
1 2
each other is capable of causing harm. These identifying hazards present in the
injuries vary in severity, from fatal to minor workplace or on the job. Hazards that
injuries. “Occupational Safety and Health have been identified are assessed for risk
Assessment Series 18002” (OHSAS 18002) and quantitatively or qualitatively and it is
ISO/IEC Guide 51: 1999 define a hazard as a determined whether the risk is
cause or condition that has the potential to acceptable, within tolerance or otherwise.
cause harm in the context of injury and illness to The next decision is to take risk control
humans, property damage, damage to the measures are at a good level,
workplace environment, or the combination. management performance needs to be
Chemicals, radiation, electricity, biohazards, monitored and measured. The feedback
unsafe work systems are some of the examples received from the measurement of
of hazards. performance is used at every level of the
management system so that all control
changes are more appropriate.
PHYSICAL CHEMICAL
TYPES OF
HAZARD
BIOLOGICAL ERGONOMIC
i) PHYSICAL
Physical hazards are hazards whose hazards
originate from the machinery and equipment used. A
machine and equipment is considered dangerous if:
a) Designed to be unsafe and imperfect
b) Not well maintained
c) Conducted by untrained workers
d) Used not for actual work
e) Used in varying conditions
f) Illegally exchanged/amended
g) Employees are not ready or do not pay attention
while using it
ii) CHEMICAL
Among the industrial accidents reported were injuries due to
contact and inhalation of chemicals. The chemicals used in
factories are dangerous and can cause injury if exposed
unprotected. Chemicals such as acids, alkalis, gases, solvents,
cement, synthetic rubber, fiberglass and adhesives are
hazardous substances and safety measures should be taken
when handling them.
For some individuals, wood dust and natural oils from animals
can cause a reaction on the skin. Among the effects is that the
skin will burn, blister, burn and will leave scars. Other parts that
are vulnerable to chemicals are the eyes, nose, throat and
upper respiratory tract. The effect of a chemical depends on the
pH value, concentration, duration of exposure and the nature of
the reaction of a chemical.
iii) BIOLOGICAL
Workers involved with the analysis of biological specimens will typically
be exposed to disease infection. The level of danger of a biological
specimen varies according to:
a)The nature and concentration of disease agents.
b)The entry route of disease agents into the body.
c)Resilience of vulnerable workers.
iv) ERGONOMIC
It has to do with man’s incompatibility with his work
environment.
It is often associated with errors or weaknesses in
engineering design and work processes meet the
physiological and psychological needs of humans.
For example, typing jobs in good condi tion are not
ergonomic but have been shown to cause 'Tunnel
Carpel Syndrome' and back pain.
Processes and Methods of Identif ying Hazards in the
Workplace(Hazard Identifi cation).
One process that helps identify as many hazards as possible is by using the
hazard identification process used in hazard analysis. In hazard analysis, the
hazard identification process begins with defining the system to be studied and
defining and understanding the physical characteristics and functions of the
system. There are various methods that can be used to identify hazards.
General ly this method of identifying hazards involves a combination of self -
observation, referring to reference documents, using detector and measuring
equipment, information from reports, feedback from employees and so on.
Observations and
References
An employee who is knowledgeable
and experienced in systems,
p r o c e s s e s a n d wo r k p r o c e d u r e s
performed through observation and
subsequently referring to acts, rules,
guidelines, codes of practice,
standards, data, etc. can identify
hazards found in such systems,
p r o c e s s e s a n d wo r k p r o c e d u r e s . .
O b s e r v a t i o n s w i t h o u t r e f er e n c e m a k e
i t d i ff i c u l t t o i d en t i f y a h a z a r d t h a t i s
common and routinely performed in
the workplace.
U s e o f S p e c i a l E q u i p m e n t
Th e r e a re h a z a rd s t h a t d o n o t h a v e t h e p ro p e rt i e s o f s me ll , s e e , h e a r o r t o u c h . Th e r e f o re , t h e h u ma n
se n s e s a re n o t a b l e t o d e t e c t t h e h a z a rd . Th i s h a z a rd r e q u ir e s s p e c ia l e q u i p me n t t o d e t e ct a nd me a s u re
it s h a z ar d l e ve l . Fo r e xa mp l e mic ro wa v e s , u lt r a ra d i a t i o n is o n l y i d e n t i f ie d u s i n g a ra d i a t i on d o si me t e r.
Complaints/reports/suggestions
A ma n a g e r i s u su a l l y a s s ig n e d t o ma n a g e a wi d e a n d s o me t ime s g e n e ra l sc o p e o f wo r k ac t i vi t i e s a n d
p ro c e ss e s . Th i s si t u a t i o n may ma k e it d i ff i c u lt f o r t h e m t o i d en t if y a ll t h e h a z a rd s a s so c i a t e d wit h e ac h
wo rk p ro c e ss u n d e r t h e ir co nt r o l . Ne w h a za r d s c a n a l s o ar i se a s a re su l t o f ch a n ge s i n st r u c t u re s ,
p ro c e ss e s a n d sy s t e ms o f wo r k a n d ma c h i n e ry. Th i s si t u a t i o n mak e s a ma n a g e r n e e d t h e h e lp o f
e mp lo y e e s u n d er h i m t o id e n t i f y h a za r d s.
MAIN CAUSES OF HAZARD
There are two main causes of b) Employee conduct:
SPOT THE HAZARD hazards, namely: i) Does not perform work
procedures correctly, perfectly,
safely and to the detriment
a) Conditions at work: health
i) Space that is not easy and ii) Does not ensure that tools,
comfortable to move machines and materials are safe
ii) Unable to make an and stored with
independent rotation in the Congratulations
work area. iii) Does not ascertain how to
store, lift or work with hazardous
iii) Uneven and slippery floors
materials
iv) There is no proper storage safely and to the detriment of
of materials and equipment health
v) Imperfect lighting and iv) Not following proper
ventilation information, instructions and
training
v) Do not discuss with the
employer
vi) Do not make inspections at
work
Thank you