SCADA/EMS SYSTEMS -
HIERARCHY &
OVERVIEW
By
A.K . Mishr a
AGM
Power Grid Corporation of India Limited
REGIONS OF INDIA
Load Despatch & Communication (LD&C) Scheme
POWERGRID has implemented Load Despatch &
Communication (LD&C) Schemes consisting of state-of-
the-art EMS/SCADA and dedicated communication
system for all the five regions of the Country
MAIN FEATURE IN LD &C SCHEME
CENTRALISED COMPUTER BASED CONTROL AND
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
REAL TIME MONITORING & CONTROL OF POWER SYSTEM
OPERATION
REAL TIME ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
DYNAMIC PLANNING FOR RELIABLE SYSTEM OPERATION
REAL TIME EVALUATION OF IMPACT OF POSSIBLE
CONTINGENCIES ON THE SYSTEM
QUICK RESTORATION OF GRID IN CASE OF DISTURBANCE
MAIN FEATURE IN LD &C SCHEME
COORDINATED CONTROL OF MVAR & LOAD FLOW TO
MAINTAIN OPTIMUM VOLTAGE & FREQUENCY PROFILES
OPERATION OF SYSTEM AT IT’S FULL CAPACITY THROUGH
CONTINUOUS CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS
EFFICIENT, RELIABLE & SECURE OPERATION OF GRID.
REAL TIME ENVIRONMENT FOR TRAINING DESPATCHERS
TO COPE WITH CONTINGENCIES
DEVEOPLMENT TOWARDS FORMATION OF NATIONAL LOAD
DESPATCH CENTRE
WHAT IS SCADA
SYSTEM
SCADA - SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION
SCADA SYSTEMS FOR ELECTRICITY SUPPLY
NETWORK
EHV Network - SCADA /EMS system
Distribution Network – SCADA/DMS system
S/S Operation - S/s Automation system
SCADA
ELECTRICAL ELECTRICAL S/S AUTOMATION
DISTRIBUTION TRANSMISSION
NETWORK NETWORK
S/S
DMS FUNCTION EMS FUNCTION AUTOMATION
FUNCTION
HIERARICHAL SETUP OF INDIAN POWER SECTOR
CENTRAL NATIONAL LEVEL
SECTOR MONITORING OF POWER SYSTEM
CENTRAL REGIONAL LEVEL
SECTOR GENERATION TRANSMISSION
STATE STATE LEVEL
ELECTRICITY
GENERATION TRANSMISSION
BOARD
STATE SUB TRANSMISSION LEVEL
ELECTRICITY
BOARD TRANSMISSION DISTRIBUTION
HIERARCHICHAL SYSTEM FOR RLDCs
RLDC
STATE LDC STATE LDC STATE LDC STATE LDC STATE LDC
SUB-LDCs SUB-LDCs
SUB-LDC SUB-LDC
RTUs RTUs
NORTHERN REGION CONTROL CENTRE HIERARCHY
RTUs
38 nos RLDC
SLDC SLDC SLDC SLDC SLDC SLDC SLDC SLDC
UPPCL RVPN J&K PSEB BBMB DVB HVPN HPSEB
Sub-LDC Sub-LDC Sub-LDC Sub-LDC Sub-LDC Sub-LDC Sub-LDC Sub-LDC
5 nos 3 nos 1 no 4 nos 4 nos 2 nos 2 nos
2 nos
RTUs RTUs RTUs RTUs RTUs RTUs RTUs RTUs
82 nos 79 nos 16 nos 40 nos 21 nos 31 nos 42 nos 16 nos
NLDC HIERARCHICAL SETUP
NLDC
NRLDC WRLDC ERLDC SRLDC NERLDC
SLDC SLDC SLDC SLDC SLDC
SUB LDC SUB LDC SUB LDC SUB LDC SUB LDC
RTU RTU RTU RTU RTU
SCADA/EMS SYSTEMS OF RLDCs
NRLDC SRLDC
AREVA SYSTEM GE SYSTEM
ERLDC
AREVA SYSTEM NLDC
AREVA
NERLDC
WRLDC
AREVA SYSTEM
GE SYSTEM
Responsibilities of SLDCs and Sub-LDCs
SLDCs
Operation, monitoring and control of state owned power system.
Data Exchange with Sub-LDCs.
Data exchange with RLDC.
Sub-LDCs
Operation, monitoring and control of power system data in its
area.
Data Exchange with SLDCs.
Responsibilities of RLDC
Operation, monitoring and control of Regional Grids.
Allocation of Central Sector Generation.
Data Exchange with SLDCs.
Data exchange with NLDC.
RESPONSIBILITIES OF NLDC
Supervision over Regional Load Dispatch Centers
Scheduling and dispatch of electricity over inter-regional links in
coordination with the RLDCs
Monitoring of operations and grid security of the National Grid
Supervision and control over the inter-regional links
Coordination for restoration of synchronous operation of
national grid with RLDCs
Coordination for trans-national exchange of power
CONCEPTUAL DIAGRAM
OTHER ICCP LINKS OTHER
CONTROL CONTROL
CENTRES CENTRES
CONTROL CENTRE (MASTER STATION)
CCOMMUNICATION FRONT END PROCESSOR
MODEM
IEC 60870 –5-101/ MODEM
104 LINKS
MODEM MODEM
RTU /IEDs RTU/ IEDs
IEC 61850 FOR IEDs
T T T T
CT CT
PT CT CT
PT
C& R PANELS
TYPICAL CONTROL CENTRE CONFIGURATION
WORKSTATION
JUKE BASED DEVELOPMENT
BOX ICCP
SCADA /EMS ISR OPERATOR
COMMUNICATION
SERVER SERVER CONSOLE CONSOLE SERVER
WITH TWO CRT
LAN 1
LAN 2 FROM GPS
TIME SYNCH
SYSTEM TERMINAL SERVER NMS
CONSOLE
OPRATION
SCHEDULING
DUAL CFE
CONSOLE
COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION
FRONT END FRONT END PERIPHERALS ROUTER
PROCESSOR PROCESSOR
SPLITTER 1
TO OTHER CONTROL CENTERS
MODEM
VIDEO PROJECTION SYSTEM CHENNEL
/
MIMIC CONTROL BOARD TO RTUs 2X64KBPS
SCADA FUNCTIONS FOR
REAL TIME MONITORING & CONTROL
RTU DATA ACQUISITION
SUPERVISORY CONTROL
DATA EXCHANGE
DATA PROCESSING
oAlarms
oSequence of Event (SOE) recording
oGeneralised Calculations
DISTURBANCE DATA COLLECTION
HISTORICAL INFORMATION STORAGE & RETRIEVAL
EMS SOFTWARE FUNCTIONS
OPERATION LOAD GENERATION POWER SYSTEM
SCHEDULING BALANCE ANALYSIS
Load forecasting Operation monitoring Network Topology
Inflow forecasting AGC State estimation
Unit commitment Economic despatch Contingency
Hydro scheduling Reserve monitoring analysis
Hydro Thermal Loadshed /Restoration Optimal power flow
Coordination Production costing Transmission loss
Interchange scheduling sensitivity factors
Interchange transaction Post disturbance
evaluation analysis
Current operating plan
Outage scheduling
FEATURES at Sub-LDC, SLDC & RLDC
SCADA/EMS FUNCTIONS RLDC SLDC Sub-LDC
SCADA
INFORMATION STORAGE &
RETRIEVAL
REAL-TIME DISPATCHING
OPERATIONS SCHEDULING
POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS
DISPATCHER TRAINING
SIMULATOR
S/S AUTOMATION
REMOTE SCADA
CONTROL OTHER S/S
CENTRE
IEC 60870-5 /DNP
SUBSTATION RTU
IEC 60870-5 /DNP
IEDs AT BAY LEVEL
CPU
CPU
IEC61850
PSTN
REDUNDANT
DISTRIBUTION
BUS
S/S
TYPICAL REMOTE OPERATION SCHEME
Substation 1 Substation 2
INVERTER PC FOR SCADA
21” 21”
PLCC RTU/
PLCC
PLCC
SIC
PRINTER
EXISTING
SWITCH
PLCC
From EL PC WB(FO)
MUX
MUX
PLCC
PRINTER TO EXISTING ULDC
SYSTEM
From DR PC
SCADA SYSTEM FOR REMOTE OPERATION
REMOTE SUPERVISION OF AL LINE & TRANSFORMER PARAMETERS
ANALOG ( P,Q,V,F,I, WINDING TEMP, TAP POSITION ETC.)
REMOTE MONITORING OF ALL SWICHING DEVICES STATUS
STATUS ( BREAKER, ISOLATOR ETC.)
REMOTE MONITORING OF ALARMS ( CONTROL, PROT. & [Link] )
REMOTE CONTROL OF SWITCHING DEVICES
CIRCUIT BREAKERS OPENING, CLOSING INCLUDING SYNCH.
ISOLATORS OPENING, CLOSING
TRANSFORMER TAPS RAISE/LOWER
CONTD.
REMOTE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF ACCEPT/ RESET OF ALARMS
HISTORICAL DATA STORAGE FOR FUTURE PLANNING
REMOTE ACQUISITION OF DR & EL DATA
USER FRRIENDLY FULL GRAPHIC INTERFACE
REPORT GENERATION FOR MIS PURPOSE
Communication
System
Dedicated Wideband Communication System
implemented under LD&C Schemes
Overhead Fibre Optic links with SDH technology :
8056 Kms
Digital Microwave links with PDH technology: 7900
Kms (164 hops)
Dedicated Network Management Systems (NMS) for
proper monitoring and control of installed wideband
communication systems in each regions
Srinagar
Pampore
Udhampur
Kishenpur
Jammu POWERGRID BROADBAND NETWORK
Pathankote Hamirpur
Jallandhar
Amritsar
Moga Shimla
Ludhiana Chandigarh
Hisar
Ambala
Bawana
Panipat
Link to Bhutan
NEW DELHI
Gurgaon
Mandola
Itanagar
Balipara
B’garh
Alwar Dadri Moradabad
Siliguri Bongaiga Tezpur
Agra Lucknow on
Guwah Misa
Kohima
Patna
Jaipur ati
Ko Varanasi Malda
Kanpur
ta Sasaram Shillon
Bhopal
Allahabad Farakk
g Imphal
Gandhinagar Ujjai B’Sharif
a
K’Ghat
n Durgapur
Vindhyachal Agartala Aizwal
Ahmedabad Itarsi Jabalpur Ranchi JamshedpurJeerat
Vadodra Indore Korba
Raipur Rourkela KOLKATA
Nagpur Talch
Surat Dhule BhilaiRengali
Cuttack
er
Nasik Chandrapur Indravati Bhubaneswar
MUMBAI Pune Ramagundam
Khammam
Jeypore Legend:
Vishakapatnam
HYDERABAD Warangal :ULDC OPGW/Overhead
Vijayawada
Karnool N’Sagar ULDC OPGW/Overhead under construction
Gooty Nellore
:ULDC Underground FO Links
Cuddapa
Kolar : ULDC Underground Links under construction
BANGALORE
Mysore CHENN : PDT FO Links
Kannur Salem
Kozikode AI
Coimbatore Trichy : PDT FO Links under construction
Trichur Udumalpet
Kalamassery
Madurai : PDT Underground link
Cochin
Trivandrum : PDT Underground link under construction
Design of FO communication links
Selection of transmission lines / routes
Interconnection plans
Selection of suitable overhead FO cable(s)
technology
Selection of cables and associated hardware
fittings & attachments
Selection of communication transmission
technology (PDH / SDH / DWDM)
Finalisation of repeater locations for long links
Plan & Design of Equipment, power supply, air-
conditioning etc
Type of FO cables being used
Overhead FO cable : Installed on the transmission
line towers
Approach cable : To connect overhead FO cable
at the gantry tower with the transmission
equipment in the communication room inside the
sub-station area
Underground FO cables : Installed inside the
ducts below ground through open cut trenching
or through trenchless digging
Types of Overhead Fibre Optic Cables
Optical Ground Wire (OPGW) : Ground wire of
existing transmission line is replaced by OPGW
cable having fibres inside and ground wire outside.
Wrap Around : FO cable wrapped around ground
wire.
All Dielectric Self Supporting (ADSS) : FO cable
strung separately on the transmission towers as a
conductor.
OVERHEAD FIBRE OPTIC CABLE INSTALLATION
OPGW
WRAP AROUND
ADSS
IMPLEMENTATION STATUS
OF LD&C SCHEMES
REGION STATUS COMPLETION SCHEDULE
NORTHERN SYSTEM UNDER COMMERCIAL COMPLETED IN
OPERATION Jan 2002
SOUTHERN SYSTEM UNDER COMMERCIAL COMPLETED IN
OPERATION Jan 2002
NORTH EASTERN SYSTEM UNDER COMMERCIAL COMPLETED IN
OPERATION Mar 2003
EASTERN SYSTEM UNDER COMMERCIAL COMPLETED IN JULY,05
OPERATION
WESTERN SYSTEM UNDER COMMERCIAL COMPLETED IN JAN,2006
OPERATION
NLDC UNDER IMPLEMENTATION June,2008
HIERARCHICAL CONTROL CENTRE SETUP
NLDC
5 Nos. NRLDC ERLDC SRLDC NERLDC WRLDC
29 Nos. SLDC SLDC SLDC
48 Nos. SUBLDC SUBLDC SUBLDC
1080 Nos. RTU RTU RTU
SCOPE OF WORKS FOR LD&C SCHEMES
Region Total Control Centres (Nos.) Wide band
RTUs Links
RSCC SLDC SUB- Total FO MW
LDC/ Links Hops
CPCC
(Kms.)
Northern 369 1 8 24 33 2142 78
Southern 281 1 4 14 19 2339 35
North- 66 1 7 0 8 964 12
Eastern
Eastern 197 1 5 5 11 1520 40
Western 167 1 5 5 11 1489 0
TOTAL 1080 5 29 48 82 8454 165
REGIONAL LOAD DISPATCH CENTRE LOCATIONS
SNO CONTROL CENTRE LOCATION
1 NLDC (UNDER IMPLEMENTATION) – Main NEW DELHI
NLDC – Backup Kolkata
2 NRLDC NEW DELHI
3 WRLDC MUMBAI
4 SRLDC BANGALORE
5 ERLDC KOLKATA
6 NERLDC SHILLONG
BENEFITS OF LD&C SCHEME
Reduce outages Reduce loss of
energy
Quick localization of
faults Reduce operational
costs
Improve restoration
time Improve customer
service
Ensure efficient
utilization of substation Better operational and
equipments management control
Improve power quality Availability of historic
data
Reduce maintenance
cost Better load planning
THANK YOU
