Construction and demolition
waste management
Lecture 2: Collection- segregation of waste
Course coordinator: Dr. Uma Chaduvula
Friday, February 25, 2022 1
Modern Integrated Municipal Solid Waste management:
Concepts and Benefits
The integrated solid waste management (ISWM) system is based on the
waste management hierarchy, with an aim to reduce the amount of
waste being disposed while maximising resource recovery and efficiency.
Based on this waste management hierarchy, an assessment of local needs
and conditions should lead to the selection of an appropriate mix of
processes and technologies.
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At source reduction and reuse
• The most preferred option for waste management is
to prevent the generation of waste at various stages
including the product design, production,
packaging, use, and reuse.
Waste • Waste prevention helps reduce handling, treatment,
and disposal costs.
management
• It also reduces leachate, air emissions, and
greenhouse gases which have significant impacts on
the environment.
strategies Waste recycling
• The next preferred alternative is the recovery of
recyclable material resources and strengthening a
waste recycling chain through segregation,
collection, and reprocessing to create new products.
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Waste to composting
• The organic fraction of waste can be composted
to improve soil health and agricultural production
adhering to FCO norms.
Waste Waste to Energy
management • Where material recovery from waste is not
possible, energy recovery from waste through
strategies
production of heat, electricity, or fuel is
preferred.
• Biomethanation, pyrolysis, gasification, waste
incineration, production of refuse derived fuel
(RDF), and co-processing of the sorted dry rejects
from MSW in cement kilns are commonly
adopted waste to energy technologies.
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5. Waste Disposal:
Waste • Residual waste at the end of the hierarchy, which
management ideally comprises of inert waste are to be disposed in
sanitary, lined landfills, which are constructed in
accordance with stipulations of the SWM Rules, 2016
strategies The hierarchy implies that all options of
waste minimisation should be exercised
before treatment and disposal
technologies are selected and
implemented.
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Technical Aspects: SEGREGATION, Collection
and Transportation
1. At-source Minimisation: Options to reduce the amount of waste
• It is the most effective way to reduce the quantity of waste, the cost associated with
its handling, and its environmental impacts.
• Extended producer responsibility: Extended producer responsibility (EPR) can be
established for wastes like electronics, batteries, packaging, and consumer
durables by state and national governments.
• Promotion of voluntary action: Business groups should be encouraged to reduce
volumes of packaging while maintaining the requisite strength. For instance,
Godrej has a “no packaging” policy for refrigerators. The company ensures that
the packaging, in which the appliance is delivered, is taken back by the supplier
and reused.
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Frame rules and bye-laws: It is banned to
use or sell certain types of products and
Technical packaging that cannot be reused,
repaired, recycled, or composted. With
Aspects: state support, local authorities are
enabled to issue and enforce such
SEGREGATI ordinances.
ON,
Collection and Eco-labeling standards: Eco-labeling
standards for certain products should be
Transportation developed, based on their potential for
waste reduction and recycling.
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Technical Aspects: SEGREGATION, Collection
and Transportation
2. Waste segregation,
collection and
transportation
At a minimum level, indicated
as the basic segregation, waste
should be segregated by waste
generators into three fractions:
wet (green container), dry
(white container), and
domestic hazardous waste.
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Collection of segregated municipal waste
from source is an essential step in SWM.
Inefficient waste collection service has
an impact on public health and
Segregated aesthetics of towns and cities.
Collection and
Segregated collection of wet and dry
transportation waste enhances the potential of cost-
effective treatment of such waste and of
deriving optimum advantage from the
recyclable material fed into the system.
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Processing and Treatment of municipal solid
waste
• Waste treatment: How to select appropriate technologies??
Friday, February 25, 2022 12