THEORY of
THEORY of ARCHITECTURE
ARCHITECTURE
ESSENCE OF ARCHITECTURE
ARCHITECTURE & ARTS
Greek words
ARCHI = first or original
TECT = the ability to put things
together
Sanskrit root
ARTS = everything in its right
place
• Analysis of a set of facts in relation
to one another
• Belief, policy or procedure proposed
or followed as basis of action
• An ideal or hypothetical set of facts,
principles or circumstances of a body
of fact on science or art
• A plausible or scientifically accepted
general principle or body of
principles offered to explain
phenomenon
THEORY IN
THEORY IN GENERAL
GENERAL
Forms/types of Theory
-Descriptive: Explains
phenomenon or events; they re
neutral and do not lean towards
any ideology
-Prescriptive: Prescribes bases
or guidelines
-Critical: Challenges relationships
between architecture & society
THEORY IN
THEORY IN GENERAL
GENERAL
Essence and Composition
A collection of thoughts, view,
ideas
Organized by theme or topic
Evolution of thoughts
There is not a grand theory or
unified theory of architecture; it is
a combination of various thoughts,
speculations, concepts
ARCHITECTURAL THEORY
ARCHITECTURAL THEORY
Form
In a conceptual form
Needs to be translated
From concepts to reality
Discussed, tested, developed
ARCHITECTURAL THEORY
ARCHITECTURAL THEORY
ESSENCE OF ARCHITECTURE
Architecture is the process that we
instinctively recognize as the genius of
growth and creation
It gives form to the invisible pulses
and rhythm of life
The physical manifestation of the power
is a consequence of the desire for the
invisible to be made visible
ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
The Architecture of Space Organizational pattern, relationships,hierarchy
Structure Qualities of shape, color, texture,scale, proportion
Enclosure Qualities of surfaces, edges and openings
Experienced through Movement in Approach and entry
Space-time Path configuration and access
Sequence of spaces
Light, view, touch, hearing and smell
Achieved by means of Technology Structure and enclosure
Environmental protection and comfort
Health, safety and welfare
Durability
Accommodating a Program User requirements, needs, aspirations
Socio-cultural factors
Economic factors
Legal restraints
Historical tradition and precedents
Compatible with its Context Site and environment
Climate: sun, wind, temperature and precipitation
Geography: soils, topography, vegetation and water
Sensory and cultural characteristics of the place
SPATIAL
SYSTEM
ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
STRUCTURAL
SYSTEM
ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
ENCLOSURE
SYSTEM
ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
CIRCULATION
SYSTEM
ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
CONTEXT
ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
THE • Organizational pattern, relationships,
ARCHITECTURE hierarchy
OF:
• Qualities of shape, color, texture, scale,
Space proportion
Structure • Qualities of surfaces, edges and
Enclosure openings
ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
• Approach and entry
EXPERIENCED
THROUGH: • Path configuration and access
Movement in Space- • Sequence of spaces
time
• Light, view, touch, hearing and smell
ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
• Approach and entry
EXPERIENCED
THROUGH: • Path configuration and access
Movement in Space- • Sequence of spaces
time
• Light, view, touch, hearing and smell
ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
• Structure and enclosure
ACHIEVED BY
MEANS OF: • Environmental protection and comfort
Technology • Health, safety and welfare
• Durability
ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
• User requirements, needs, aspirations
ACCOMMODATING
• Socio-cultural factors
A:
• Economic factors
Program
• Legal restraints
• Historical tradition & precedents
ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
• Site and environment
COMPATIBLE • Climate: sun, wind, temperature and
WITH ITS: precipitation
Context • Geography: soils, topography, vegetation
and water
• Sensory and cultural characteristics of the
place
ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEMS
ARCHITECTURAL Form and Space Systems and
ORDERS Organizations of:
Physical
Solids and Voids Space
Interior and Exterior Structure
Enclosure
Machines
Perceptual Sensory perception and Approach and
recognition of the physical Departure
elements by experiencing Entry and Egress
them sequentially in time Movement through the
order of spaces
Functioning of and
activities within
spaces
Qualities of light,
color, texture, view
and sound
Conceptual Comprehension of the Images
ordered and disordered Patterns
relationships among a Signs
building’s elements and Symbols
systems and responding to Context (Space, Form,
the meanings they evoke Function, Technics)
ARCHITECTURAL ORDERS
ARCHITECTURAL ORDERS
ARCHITECTURAL FORM & SYSTEMS &
ORDERS SPACE ORGANIZATIONS OF
• Solids &Voids • Space
• Interior & • Structure
Physical Exterior
• Enclosure
• Machines
ARCHITECTURAL ORDERS
ARCHITECTURAL ORDERS
ARCHITECTURAL FORM & SYSTEMS &
ORDERS SPACE ORGANIZATIONS OF
Sensory • Approach & Departure
perception &
• Entry & Egress
Perceptual recognition of
the physical • Movement through the
elements by order of spaces
experiencing
them • Functioning of activities
sequentially in within spaces
time • Qualities of light, color,
texture, view & sound
ARCHITECTURAL ORDERS
ARCHITECTURAL ORDERS
ARCHITECTURAL FORM & SYSTEMS &
ORDERS SPACE ORGANIZATIONS OF
Sensory • Approach & Departure
perception &
• Entry & Egress
Perceptual recognition of
the physical • Movement through the
elements by order of spaces
experiencing
them • Functioning of activities
sequentially in within spaces
time • Qualities of light, color,
texture, view & sound
ARCHITECTURAL ORDERS
ARCHITECTURAL ORDERS
ARCHITECTURAL FORM & SYSTEMS &
ORDERS SPACE ORGANIZATIONS OF
Comprehension of • Images
the ordered and
disordered • Patterns
Conceptual relationships
among a building’s • Signs
elements and • Symbols
systems and
responding to the • Context (space,form,
meanings they function,techniques)
evoke
ARCHITECTURAL ORDERS
ARCHITECTURAL ORDERS
ARCHITECTURAL FORM & SYSTEMS &
ORDERS SPACE ORGANIZATIONS OF
Comprehension of • Images
the ordered and
disordered • Patterns
Conceptual relationships
among a building’s • Signs
elements and • Symbols
systems and
responding to the • Context (space,form,
meanings they function,techniques)
evoke
ARCHITECTURAL ORDERS
ARCHITECTURAL ORDERS
ELEMENTS OF
ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
DESIGN
POINT
The two ends of a
line
The intersection of
two lines
The meeting of lines
at the corner of a
plane or volume
The center of a
field
ELEMENTS OF
ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
DESIGN
LINE
A point extended
becomes a line with
properties of:
Length
Direction
Position
ELEMENTS OF
ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
DESIGN
PLANE
A line extended
becomes a plane with
properties of:
Length and width
Shape
Surface
Orientation
Position
ELEMENTS OF
ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
DESIGN
VOLUME
A plane extended
becomes a volume with
properties of:
Length, width, depth
Form and space
Surface
Orientation
Position
ELEMENTS OF
ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
DESIGN
ARCHITECTURAL FORM is the
point of contact between mass and
space
Properties of
Form:
• Shape
• Size
• Color
• Texture
• Position
• Orientation
• Visual Inertia
FORM
FORM
SPACE DEFINITION
SPACE DEFINITION
SPACE DEFINITION
SPACE DEFINITION
SPACE DEFINITION
SPACE DEFINITION
SPACE DEFINITION
SPACE DEFINITION
Dimensional
Transformation
a form can be
transformed by
altering one or more of
its dimensions and still
retain its identity as a
member of a family of
forms. A cube, for
example, can be
transformed into
similar prismatic forms
through discrete
changes in height,
length or width.
FORM TRANSFORMTION
FORM TRANSFORMTION
Subtractive
Transformation:
a form can be
transformed by
subtracting a portion
of its volume.
Depending on the
extent of the
subtractive process,
the form can still
retain its initial
identity or be
transformed into a
form of another
family.
FORM TRANSFORMATION
FORM TRANSFORMATION
Additive
Transformation:
a form can be
transformed by the
addition of elements
to its volume. The
nature of the additive
process and the
number and relative
sizes of the elements
being attached
determine whether the
identity of the initial
form is altered or
retained.
FORM TRANSFORMATION
FORM TRANSFORMATION
SPATIAL
RELATIONSHIPS
• Space within a Space
• Interlocking Spaces
• Adjacent Spaces
• Spaces linked by a
Common Space
FORM AND
FORM AND SPACE
SPACE
SPATIAL
RELATIONSHIPS
• Space within a Space
• Interlocking Spaces
• Adjacent Spaces
• Spaces linked by a
Common Space
FORM AND
FORM AND SPACE
SPACE
SPATIAL
RELATIONSHIPS
• Space within a Space
• Interlocking Spaces
• Adjacent Spaces
• Spaces linked by a
Common Space
FORM AND
FORM AND SPACE
SPACE
Centralized
Organization:
a number of
secondary forms
clustered about a
dominant, central
parent-form
SPATIAL ORGANIZATION
SPATIAL ORGANIZATION
Linear
Organization:
a series of forms
arranged
sequentially in a
row
SPATIAL ORGANIZATION
SPATIAL ORGANIZATION
Radial
Organization:
a composition of
linear forms
extending outward
from a central
form in a radial
manner
SPATIAL ORGANIZATION
SPATIAL ORGANIZATION
Radial
Organization:
a composition of
linear forms
extending outward
from a central
form in a radial
manner
SPATIAL ORGANIZATION
SPATIAL ORGANIZATION
Clustered
Organization:
a collection of
forms grouped
together by
proximity or the
sharing of a
common visual
trait.
SPATIAL ORGANIZATION
SPATIAL ORGANIZATION
Clustered
Organization:
a collection of
forms grouped
together by
proximity or the
sharing of a
common visual
trait.
SPATIAL ORGANIZATION
SPATIAL ORGANIZATION
Grid
Organization:
a set of modular
forms related and
regulated by a
three-dimensional
grid
SPATIAL ORGANIZATION
SPATIAL ORGANIZATION
Approach:
the distant view; the
first phase of the
circulation system
during which we are
prepared to see,
experience and use
the building
ELEMENTS OF
ELEMENTS OF CIRCULATION
CIRCULATION
Entrance:
from outside to inside;
may be flushed,
projected or recessed
ELEMENTS OF
ELEMENTS OF CIRCULATION
CIRCULATION
Configuration
of Path:
the sequence of spaces ;
can be linear, radial,
spiral, grid, network or
composite
ELEMENTS OF
ELEMENTS OF CIRCULATION
CIRCULATION
Anthropocentrism:
the human being is the
most important entity in
the universe. The world is
perceived according to the
values and experiences of
the human being.
SPATIAL THEORIES
SPATIAL THEORIES
Anthropomorphism:
human qualities are
associated with non-human
entities/ events. Qualities
such as form, values and
emotions.
SPATIAL THEORIES
SPATIAL THEORIES
Anthropometrics:
study of measurements
of the human body
SPATIAL THEORIES
SPATIAL THEORIES
Ergonomics:
an applied science
concerned with the of
characteristics of people
that need to be
considered in the design
of devices and systems in
order that people and
things will interact
effectively and safely.
SPATIAL THEORIES
SPATIAL THEORIES
Proxemics:
The study of the
symbolic and
communicative role of the
spatial separation
individuals maintain in
various social and
interpersonal situations,
and how the nature and
degree of this spatial
arrangement relates to
environmental and
cultural factors.
SPATIAL THEORIES
SPATIAL THEORIES
Spatial illusions
through:
Changes in levels
Bringing outside in
Borrowing views
Use of glass and light
materials
Multiplicity of functions
Two-dimensional
treatments
Use of color
SPATIAL THEORIES
SPATIAL THEORIES
Spatial illusions
through:
Changes in levels
Bringing outside in
Borrowing views
Use of glass and light
materials
Multiplicity of functions
Two-dimensional
treatments
Use of color
SPATIAL THEORIES
SPATIAL THEORIES