BLACK BOX
(FLIGTH DATA RECORDER)
MAKING SKY SAFER
SUBMITTED BY
ASHWANI KUMAR
EC 6th SEM
CONTENTS
Introduction to black box
Working
Testing of black box
Retrieving Information
Uses
Beyond black box
Conclusion
References
Queries
INTRODUCTION TO BLACK BOX
The Original black box(FDR) was
designed by David warren.
In 1953 , warren came up with the idea
of on board flight data recorder.
Australia become the first country to
make flight data recorder mandatory in
aircraft.
Black box have two unit :-
Flight data recorder(FDR)
• Cockpit voice recorder(CVR)
INTRODUCTION TO BLACK BOX
Magnetic tape recorder Solid state recorder
Introduced in 1950’s Introduced in 1990’s
Can track more then 700
Can track about 100 parameters in larger aircraft
parameter
Magnetic tape CVR’S store Solid state recorder CVR’s
INTRODUCTION TO BLACK BOX
Magnetic tape recorder Solid state recorder
the last 30 min. of sound store the 2 hours of audio
FDR have enough digital
storage space to store 25
hours of data
WHAT DOES FDR’S RECODE
Here are a few of the parameters recorded by most FDRs:
Time
Pressure altitude
Airspeed
Vertical acceleration
Magnetic heading
Control-column position
Rudder-pedal position
Control-wheel position
Horizontal stabilizer
Fuel flow
WHAT DOES CVR’S RECODE
Any sounds in the cockpit are picked up by these
microphones and sent to the CVR, where the recordings
are digitized and stored. There is also another device in
the cockpit, called the associated control unit, that
provides pre-amplification for audio going to the CVR.
WHAT DOES CVR’S RECODE
Here are the positions of the four microphones:
Pilot's headset.
Co-pilot’s headset.
Headset of a third crew member (if there is a third crew member).
Near the centre of the cockpit, where it can pick up audio alerts and
other sounds.
WORKING
The recording medium in the first flight recorder was steel wire, which stored
the crew voice data and instrument readings such as airspeed, altitude,
engine speed and engine temperature.
It have UNDERWATER LOCATER BEACON(ULB). On the side of ULB
there is submergence sensor which active ULB as soon as its touch's
water surface.
ULB have a device called ‘PINGER’.
PINGER producers a pinging sound pulse at 37.5KHz and sound as deep
as 14000 feet(4,267m) for 30 days.
WORKING
On ground it can be easily seen due to its heat resistance bright red
red color.
TESTING
(BUILT TO SURVIVE)
There are several tests that make up the crash-survival
sequence:
Crash impact test
Pin drop test
Static crush test
Fire test
water submersion
Fluid immersion
TESTING
(BUILT TO SURVIVE)
• Crash impact test :- Researchers shoot the CSMU down an air
cannon to create an impact of 3,400 [Link] impact force is
equal to or in excess of what a recorder might experience in an actual
crash.
• Pin drop test :- To test the unit's penetration resistance, researchers
drop a 500-pound (227-kg) weight with a 0.25-inch steel pin protruding from
the bottom onto the CSMU from a height of 10 feet (3 m).
• Static crush test :- For five minutes, researchers apply 5,000
pounds per square-inch (psi) of crush force to each of the unit's six major
axis points.
TESTING
(BUILT TO SURVIVE)
Fire test :- The unit sits inside the fire at 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit
(1,100 C) for one hour. The FAA requires that all solid-state recorders be
able to survive at least one hour at this temperature.
Water submersion :- The CSMU is placed into a pressurized tank
of salt water for 24 hours. The CSMU must survive in a salt water tank for
30 days.
Fluid immersion :-Various CSMU components are placed into a
variety of aviation fluids, including jet fuel, lubricants and fire-extinguisher
chemicals
RETRIEVING INFORMATION
After finding the black boxes from the accident site investigators
take the recorders to a lab where they can download the data from
the recorders and attempt to recreate the events of the accident.
Black-box manufacturers supply the NTSB with the readout systems
and software needed to do a full analysis of the recorders' stored
data.
RETRIEVING INFORMATION
This process can take weeks or months to complete.
USES
Retrieval come first.
Help in identify the reasons for a plane crash.
“Mistake are a great educator when one is
honest enough admit them & willing to learn
from them”
BEYOND BLACK BOX
Glass box
Glass Box Transmits Flight recorder data continuously to a
monitoring system on the ground.
Global ku-band (that is, microwaves at 12 to 18 gigahertz).
Current black box technology might continue, as a backup.
Glass Box Ground stations generally contain 220 bytes at a time in
a package called a block Transmission rate—less than 2 kilobytes
per second per aircraft.
GLASS BOX
Combined data - 6 megabytes per second. WiMax connection can
download 1 or 2 MB/s, new 4G phone systems might go as high as
10 MB/s.
PROBLEMS WITH GLASS BOX
Lack of a uniform communication medium.
Switching among all these communication channels.
Reliability in widely varying conditions and circumstances.
CVR would go into on-board recorder(limited resource of
bandwidth).
CONCLUSION
The point of the glass box is not to feed lawsuits but to enable
professionals to learn from experience.
The black box was good, in its time; the glass box is its logical
successor.
Let’s pray for safe Journey.
REFERENCES
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Beacon
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.nsf/0/e040550c3ab32300862572c200113975/$FILE/TSO-
[Link] [Link]
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QUERIES
Be Brave to Express yourself