Lesson seven: Force migration case
study
Learning intentions:
We are learning about migration.
Success criteria:
Referring to a case study, I can suggest push and
pull factors.
Referring to a case study, I can explain the
impact of the migration on the donor country.
Referring to a case study, I can discuss the
impact of the migration on the receiving country.
Starter
Forced migration is when the
migrant has no personal choice but
has to move.
Come up with a list of why people
are forced to migrate.
Reasons for forced migration
Religious and/or political persecution
Wars, creating large numbers of refugees
Forced labour as slaves or prisoners of war
Racial discrimination
Lack of food due to famine
Natural disasters caused by floods, drought,
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions or hurricanes
Overpopulation, when the number of people
living in an area exceeds the resources
available to them
What is a refugee?
According to the UNHCR, a Refugee is
someone who ‘owing to a well-founded fear
of being persecuted for reasons of race,
religion, nationality is unable to avail himself
of the protection of that country .’
What you should know
Where people moved from
Why they moved (push and pull
factors)
The effects on the donor country
The effects on the receiving
country
Forced migration case study
Lebanon
Turkey
Syria
Jordan
Syria case study
Much of the Middle East including Syria has
been politically unstable since the so-called
Arab Spring in 2010, when a series of
protests, riots and civil wars broke out in
many Arab countries.
Syria has been in a state of civil war since
March 2011.
Over 400,000 people have died as a result of
the fighting between the Syrian government
and the rebel groups.
Syria: Fact File
POPULATION 24 million 17.9million
(estimated)
GDP 2,065 US$
LITERACY (%) 85%
BIRTH RATE 24.04/1000
DEATH RATE 3.9/1000
Before the civil war Syria was a prosperous country.
Education levels were high and many children went
on to further and higher education. Syria was not a
‘typical’ middle eastern country. It is made up of a
mix of religions and races.
President
Bashar Al-
Assad
Rebel Groups
e.g. Free
Syrian Army
Islamic State
Who’s who?
President Assad – supported by the Russians,
government forces started using deadly force
against civilians after the protests during the
Arab Spring of 2010.
ISIS – Islamic state wants to take over Syria,
declaring Sharia Law. Responsible for
thousands of deaths & torture.
Rebel Groups – supported by US and others,
these groups fight against government troops
and ISIS. Links to Al Qaeda groups.
Opposition/Rebel
groups IS controlled
areas
Government
Forces
Syria case study
According to the UNHCR (United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees) 3.7 million
people have fled Syria since the start of the
conflict.
Syrians first fled in vast numbers to
neighbouring Lebanon, Turkey and Jordan.
In addition, 6.5million people are internally
displaced, in search for a safe place to live.
Air Strikes
Government Air
Strike in Aleppo
Human Rights Violations
• More than 40% of the population unable to access
basic health services.
• Of 113 public hospitals, 58% of them either
partially functioning or completely out of service
Chemical Attacks – Sarrin Gas
People are killed, tortured, kidnapped
and raped
Basic necessities like food and water
are sparse
Madaya –
Besieged town
video
People are
starving and
having to eat
family pets and
grass to stay
alive
Millions left
homeless
Infrastructure ruined - video
People are living under Sharia Law
Unemployment
Around 50% of people are unemployed
70% are living in extreme poverty
Push factors
Thousands of Syrians flee their country every day. They
often decide to finally escape after seeing their
neighbourhoods bombed or family members killed.
Bombings are destroying crowded cities.
Horrific human rights violations are widespread.
Thousands of people have been killed, kidnapped,
tortured or raped.
Basic necessities like food and medical care are sparse.
Over 4 million people have been left homeless.
Much of the country’s infrastructure and essential
services have been destroyed.
Thousands of people are unemployed.
For many Syrians it is impossible to lead a normal life.
Pull factors
Many Syrians have family
and friends already living
abroad so it is easier to
make the move.
Syria has porous land
borders with Turkey,
Lebanon and Jordan
which makes it relatively
easy to migrate into
these countries without a
passport.
Impact on donor country (Syria)
Much of Syria’s educated elite population
(those who have money and connections)
have fled their home in search of safety.
Syria does not have enough doctors and
nurses to look after the injured and the weak.
Once vibrant cities such as Homs and Aleppo
are now ghost towns.
Impact on receiving countries
Lebanon, Turkey and Jordan are now home to over
3 million Syrian refugees.
The majority of Syrian refugees are living in Jordan
and Lebanon. In the region’s two smallest
countries, weak infrastructure and limited resources
are nearing breaking point under the strain.
In some towns the population has doubled, putting
a lot of pressure on health and education services.
Waste management is not coping. Space is also an
issue in crowded urban centres, rents in some
places have tripled since the influx of refugees.
Impact on receiving countries
There are not enough teachers. Some schools send
Lebanese children home at lunchtime and then teach
Syrian children for the second half of the day.
Some Lebanese people say they have lost their jobs
because Syrians are willing to work for less, or that they
have been evicted because Syrians share housing with
many people, and therefore afford rents that the
Lebanese cannot.
Since August 2014, more Syrians have escaped into
northern Iraq at a newly opened border crossing. In a
country that is still recovering from its own prolonged
conflict this influx is dramatic and brings additional
challenges.
Impact on receiving countries
An increasing number of Syrian refugees are
fleeing across the border to Turkey,
overwhelming urban host communities and
creating new cultural tensions and resentments.
The World Bank estimates that the Syria crisis
cost Lebanon US$2.5 billion in lost economic
activity during 2013 and threatens to push
170,000 Lebanese into poverty by the end of
this year. Wages are plummeting, and families
are struggling to make ends meet.
Update on Syrian migration
Recent migration to Europe
Since the civil war broke out, hundreds of
thousands of people have fled Syria into
neighbouring countries, Lebanon, Turkey and
Jordan.
However, in 2015 they started moving further
West into Europe.
Watch the video and identify push and pull
factors for this extended migration (no need
to write them down).
Recent Syrian migration
Where are Syrians going?
Syria
Syrians Europe
Refugee camps in the Momentum effect –
neighbouring countries are many refugees’ friends
becoming over-saturated. have reached Europe
There are no jobs and (Germany) and have
therefore no prospects of
been welcomed.
having a home and a good
life.
Many Syrians do not think
the war will be resolved
and the country will always
be in a state of war.
Push factors Pull factors
Aleppo
Struggle to grow food
Headlines & Controversy
There has been controversy across the
Western world regarding the influx of Syrian
refugees.
Many people in the UK, Europe and America
are worried about the ‘larg’ge numbers of
migrants making the journey west.
Situation NOW
After the Paris attacks & more recent
attacks in Nice and London there has been a
sense of fear sweeping across the West.
Many right wing politicians feel that
accepting more refugees threatens our
security as they ‘MIGHT’ be supporters of IS.
Others feel we have a duty to accept
refugees and should not class every Muslim
as a ‘terrorist’.
Opinion Corners
With the following statements
should either choose if you:
Agree
Disagree
You must be prepared to justify
your choice.
The UK should only
accept females and
children, males should
stay and fight for their
country
The UK should help their
own people first, before
providing refugees with a
place to stay.
The UK government
should accept more
refugees
The UK government accept
more refugees than other
countries. Others should
share the burden.
There are most likely
terrorists among those
claiming to be refugees
therefore we shouldn’t let
anymore into the UK.
IS fighter enters UK!!
Laith Al Saleh was actually a fighter AGAINST
IS when he was a member of Rebel forces.
This is why there is a photograph of him with
a rifle
Don’t believe everything you read
(see)
Everyday on facebook, twitter, on the news
and in the newspaper there are facts and
figures about migration, IS and the threat to
the UK.
EVERY report has an agenda. Are they
supporting the government bombing in Syria
or are they opposed?
Are they Pro-EU/Pro-US or against?
Are they anti-muslim?
[Link]
Our World: Deported to Afghanistan
Since 2001, thousands of child
refugees have claimed refuge in the
UK.
However, on turning 18 many of
these children are being forced back
to Afghanistan.
Task
2012 saw a significant increase in Germany’s
population. This was not due to a sudden baby boom,
but to the many immigrants moving to the country.
Experts point out this could result in both benefits and
problems. Referring to a named case study, analyse the
impact of migration on either the donor or the receiving
country. (5)
In order to answer this question, even though the Syrian
migration Westwards through Europe is more up to
date, it is still taking place and therefore statistics are
always changing.
Use the case study in the booklet and answer for the
receiving country, as this has the most information.
Homework 2
a) Discuss the possible consequences for a
rapidly growing population structure on the
economy and the welfare of citizens. (6)
b) With reference to an international migration
you have studied, discuss the impact on
both the donor and the receiving country.
(6)
Success criteria
Referring to a case study, I can
suggest push and pull factors.
Referring to a case study, I can explain
the impact of the migration on the
donor country.
Referring to a case study, I can explain
the impact of the migration on the
receiving country.
Plenary
Write on a post it/scrap piece of paper:
Up to three things you want re-explained to
gain a better understanding of the
Population unit as a whole.