t everything that is faced can be changed, 

RACISM

nothing can be changed until it is faced.”

EFFORTS BY :

•UDAY AWAL (A50105220006)

•PARAMVIR SINGH DHILLON
(A50105220015)
•GAURAV YADAV (A50105220033)

CLASS : Btech CSE First Year Section A

As the definition says, Racism is the belief that there are human
groups with particular (usually physical) characteristics that
make them superior or inferior to others.
Racist behavior can be not just overt, such as treating some
people according to their race or color, but also covert, when
society systematically treats groups according to some form of
discriminating judgment.
Racism is more than just words, beliefs and actions. It includes
all the barriers that prevent people from enjoying dignity and
equality because of their race.
 Racism takes many forms and
can happen in many places. It
includes prejudice,
discrimination or hatred
directed at someone because of
their color, ethnicity or
national origin.
Racism can be revealed
through people’s actions as
well as their attitudes. It can
also be reflected in systems
and institutions.
People often associate racism with acts of abuse or harassment.
However, it doesn’t need to involve violent or intimidating
behavior. Take racial name-calling and jokes. Or consider
situations when people may be excluded from groups or
activities because of where they come from.
 History
Institutional, structural, or systemic racism
became a particular focus of scholarly
investigation in the 1980s with the emergence
of critical race theory, an offshoot of the
critical legal studies movement.
Since the late 20th century the notion of
biological race has been recognized as a
cultural invention, entirely without scientific
basis. In North America and apartheid-
era South Africa, racism dictated that
different races (chiefly blacks and whites)
should be segregated from one another; that
they should have their own
distinct communities and develop their own
institutions such as churches, schools, and
hospitals; and that it was unnatural for
members of different races to marry.
Historically, those who openly practiced racism held that members of
low-status races should be limited to low-status jobs and that member
of the dominant race should have exclusive access to political power,
economic resources, high-status jobs, and unrestricted civil rights.
The lived experience of racism for members of low-status races
includes acts of physical violence, daily insults, and verbal expressions
of contempt and disrespect, all of which have profound effects on self-
esteem and social relationships.

Despite constitutional and legal measures

aimed at protecting the rights of racial
minorities in the United States, the
private beliefs and practices of many
Americans remained racist, and some
group of assumed lower status was often
made a scapegoat. That tendency has
persisted well into the 21st century.
Types of Racism in the World
Biological racism
Biological racism is based on the
belief that biological inheritance
transmits superior physical and
intellectual characteristics. It would
therefore be accepted that there are
races whose intellectual or physical
ability is above other races.

 Sexual racism
Sexual racism consists in rejecting a person or
group of people of a particular genre. This type
of racism can arise if the person has suffered
some kind of physical or psychological damage.
In general this racism usually occurs in women
especially if they have been strongly injured or
humiliated by a man.
Cultural Racism
Cultural racism consists in
believing in a historical-cultural
superiority of one race over
another. It basically means to
make someone feel bad about
choosing a particular religion.
Racism by skin color
This type of racism is the most
common, where one person or group
rejects others for their skin color.
Classic example we would have in
racism between white and black. In
this a person is made to think that
staying near white is better to live a
successful life.
 Racism for disability
It would discriminate against all
those people who have some type
of physical or psychological
disability, so that they are denied
access to housing and
employment, even keeping them
in poverty.
Racism for the
difference of religion
It occurs mainly in countries
of the Middle East, where
some citizens can be
discriminated against or
mistreated just because they
belong to a different religion.
Racism for social class
Also known as agoraphobia, which is
the rejection or discrimination of those
groups with less economic resources.
Those who have a higher economic
status see those of a lower class as
thieves, murderers, drug addicts.

Racism for sexual

inclination
This type of racism can lead to
such brutal behavior as ending
the life of anyone with a
sexual preference toward the
same sex, also known as
Homophobia.
Internalized Racism
In this type of racism, people who are colored
internalize the negative messages they have
captured and come to feel ashamed of
themselves for being "different.“ They even
hate their skin color, hair or other physical
characteristics. This leads them to develop a
low self-esteem And do not feel comfortable
with yourself because you believe that your
race makes you inferior.

Space racism 
It refers to the patterns of metropolitan development in which
some white and economically wealthy people create racially
and economically segregated areas within cities, leaving newly
arrived immigrants in very deteriorated areas of the city.
 Institutional Racism
Institutional racism refers to institutional and
cultural practices that affect racial inequality.
The benefits would be structured
advantageously for the power groups. Examples
of this racism are the laws of Jim Crow And
Redlining.

Racism in reverse
It is about directing racist behavior
toward those people who are not
accustomed to racism. As for example
towards the white race, since we are
accustomed to listen to jokes, series or
TV programs where the racism
focuses on the black people.
Subtle racism
Those who are victims of subtle racism
may feel discriminated against or rejected
by waiters, shopkeepers, etc. It seems that
they have a radar to detect those people
who do not go to the latest fashion or do
not wear marks on it.

Colorism
It is often seen as a problem for those
communities of color. It's kind of like
discriminating against others because your skin
is darker than yours (What's called curling the
curl even more). For years in the black
community, the clearest skin was always seen
as superior to the darkest.
Not only does colorism occur in the black
community, but also in countries like Asia,
where skin whitening products are sold very
easily.
Xenophobia
Xenophobia, or fear of strangers, is a broad term that may be
applied to any fear of someone who is different from us. Hostility
towards outsiders is often a reaction to fear. It typically involves the
belief that there is a conflict between an individual's in-group and an
out-group.
Xenophobia often overlaps with forms of prejudice including racism
and homophobia, but there are important distinctions. Where
racism, homophobia, and other forms of discrimination are based on
specific characteristics, xenophobia is usually rooted in the
perception that members of the out-group are foreign to the in-
group community.
Aversive racism
Aversive racism is a form of implicit
racism, in which a person's
unconscious negative evaluations of
racial or ethnic minorities are realized
by a persistent avoidance of interaction
with other racial and ethnic groups. As
opposed to traditional, overt racism,
which is characterized by overt hatred
for and explicit discrimination against
racial/ethnic minorities,
aversive racism is characterized by more
complex, ambivalent expressions and attitudes. Aversive racism is
similar in implications to the concept of symbolic or modern racism
(described below), which is also a form of implicit, unconscious, or
covert attitude which results in unconscious forms of discrimination.
 Real Life Stories Of Victims
Creuza Oliveira, a domestic
worker in Brazil
The voice of Creuza Oliveira tells the story of
more than nine million Brazilian domestic
workers, mostly women, mostly black, for
whom slavery is not relegated to the dust piles
of history. It is also the story of the
revolutionary impact unions and social
movements can have on entrenched and
systemic
At work, injustices.
Oliveira would be beaten and taunted whenever she broke
something, often called lazy, monkey, even "nigger". The physical
and psychological abuse was compounded by sexual abuse from the
young men in the household where she worked. To top it all off,
Oliveira was not paid.
 Khalid Hussain, an Urdu-
speaking Bihari in Bangladesh
Khalid Hussain is a Bihari from Bangladesh.
He describes the Urdu speaking Biharis as
the most disadvantaged group in Bangladesh
because they are not recognized as citizens
in the country they regard as their home.
Hussain believes the situation of the Biharis has worsened.
"Intolerance on the part of mainstream civil society has increased. 
There has been very little interest amongst the mainstream human
rights organizations, legal aid bodies or women and children’s
organizations…Voices need to be raised," he said.
Hussain concluded by talking of tolerance and appealing for a
change of attitude which would reduce the discrimination endured
by his community.
"I trust," he said, "that one day we will see a world free of racism,
racial discrimination and intolerance."
Honourable Al Shaymaa J. Kwegyir, an albino
in Tanzania
Al Shaymaa J. Kwegyir, a Tanzanian member of parliament
describes albinism as a "disability just like any other form of
disability" but in Tanzania it’s a condition where many sufferers are
forced into hiding for fear of their lives.
Not only do many Tanzanians believe albinism is a curse, the body
parts of albinos are sought by witch doctors for use in potions sold to
bring wealth and good luck.
For many years she has
campaigned for the recognition
and rights of albinos in Tanzania
and last year her efforts were
recognized by the President who
appointed her a member of
parliament
Elena Gorolová, a Roma in the Czech
Republic
Elena Gorolová and her husband had always dreamed of
having a little girl. Blessed with the birth of two sons, they
looked forward to the next — until she was told she had
been sterilized without her knowledge by the very doctor
who delivered her son.
She has recently launched a project
entitled "You Are Not Alone" to
identify cases of illegal sterilization,
empower victims to seek justice, to
reach out to young Roma women and
girls, as well as healthcare
professionals on the issues.
The Statistical Theory of Racism 
 Anti-racism
Anti-racism refers to a form of action
against racial hatred, bias, systemic racism, and
the oppression of marginalized groups. It is
usually structured around conscious efforts and
deliberate actions to provide equitable
opportunities for all people on an individual and
systemic level. As a philosophy, it can be
engaged with by acknowledging personal
privileges, confronting acts and systems of
racial discrimination, and/or working to change
personal racial biases.
 Anti-racist Organizations And
Institutions
European Commission against Racism and Intolerance
UN Human Rights Council Special Rapporteur
World Conference against Racism
Black Lives Matter
Friends Stand United
One People's Project
Institute of Race Relations...etc.
Anti-Apartheid
Movement
The Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM), was a
British organization that was at the center of the
international movement opposing the South
African apartheid system and supporting South
Africa's non-White population who were
persecuted by the policies of apartheid. The
AAM changed its name to ACTSA: Action for
Southern Africa in 1994, when South Africa
achieved majority rule through free and fair
elections, in which all races could vote.
 Black Lives Matter
Black Lives Matter (BLM) is
a decentralized political and social movement protesting
against incidents of police brutality and all racially
motivated violence against black people. The broader
movement and its related organizations typically
advocate against police violence toward black people as
well as for various other policy changes considered to be
related to black liberation. The popularity of Black Lives
Matter has rapidly shifted over time. Whereas public
opinion on Black Lives Matter was net negative in 2018,
it grew increasingly popular through 2019 and 2020. A
June 2020 poll found that 67% of adult Americans
expressed some support for the Black Lives Matter
 In July 2013, the movement began with the use of
the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter on social
media after the acquittal of George Zimmerman in the
shooting death of African-American teen Trayvon
Martin 17 months earlier in February 2012. The overall
Black Lives Matter movement is a decentralized
network of activists with no formal hierarchy.

The movement returned to national

headlines and gained international
attention during the global George Floyd
protests in 2020 following the killing of
George Floyd by Minneapolis police
officer Derek Chauvin. An estimated
15 million to 26 million people participated
in the 2020 Black Lives Matter protests in
the United States, making it one of the
largest movements in the country's history.
 Ways To Help Combat Racism
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) says that all
human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights, and that we
all have the right to a life free from discrimination and degrading
treatment.  
There are things we can do as individuals, but we can also call on
our decision makers to put in place policies and programmes to bring
lasting change to our communities :
 LISTEN AND EDUCATE

YOURSELF :-
Pay attention to the voices of people
who experience racism every day –
listen to friends,
classmates, neighbors, and
community leaders.  Listen to what
the people in them have to say.
RAISE AWARENESS :- Share the resources that you have
found useful with your community to help them learn how they can
play a role in ending racism and discrimination. If you have younger
siblings or family members, set a good example for them.
REPORT RACIST OR DISCRIMINATORY CONTENT :- If
you see content in a newspaper or other traditional media that
reflects prejudice, leave a comment or  send a letter to the editor to
let others know that intolerant remarks are unkind and uncalled
for. 
AMPLIFY THE VOICES OF
PEOPLE WHO EXPERIENCE
DISCRIMINATION AND
RACISM :- Rather than speaking for
people, use your platforms to amplify
the voices of people who experience
discrimination and racism directly.
 Conclusion
The conclusion for racism has to be a
multi-faceted, all inclusive, and open
minded effort promulgated by all
walks of life. The first step in this
evolution is breaking the cycle of
hatred being instilled in our youth.
None of us are born with hatred in
our hearts, breaking the cycle and
changing the “way we’ve always
done things” is a paradigm shift
which would have to be embraced by
everyone. Indeed, minds cannot be
changed by laws, but beliefs about
human differences can and do
change, as do all cultural elements.
“Ideologies separate us.
Dreams and anguish
bring us together.”
– Eugene Ionesco