JNTUA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
KALIKIRI.
ANALYSIS OF FB-ZCS DC-DC CONVERTER USING
DUAL- CAPACITOR CIRCUIT
Under The Guidance Of Presented By
17KA1A0229
Mr. M. V. Kesava Kumar [Link] 17KA1A0210
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR (ADHOC) 17KA1A0213
DEPARTMENT OF EEE 17KA1A0240
17KA1A0247
JNTUACEK
ANALYSIS OF FB-ZCS DC-DC CONVERTER 17KA1A0256
12/08/2021 USING DUAL CAPACITOR CIRCUIT 1
CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
LITERATURE SURVEY
INTRODUCTION
EXISTING METHODS
PROPOSED METHOD
ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED METHOD
DUAL CAPACITOR RESONANT CIRCUIT
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
ABOUT FB-ZCS DC-DC CONVERTER
MODE OF OPERATION
ASSUMPTIONS
CONVERTER OPERATION
THEORETICAL WAVEFORMS
CONVERTER SPECIFICATIONS
SIMULINK MODEL OF FB-ZCS DC-DC CONVERTER USING DUAL -CAPACITOR CIRCUIT
SIMULATION RESULTS
VERIFICATION TABLE
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
12/08/2021 ANALYSIS OF FB-ZCS DC-DC CONVERTER USING DUAL CAPACITOR CIRCUIT 2
ABSTRACT
In our project, a current-fed full-bridge zero current-switching (FB-ZCS)
dc-dc converter with adaptive resonant energy, realized using dual-capacitor
resonant circuit. In existing FB-ZCS converters, transformer leakage
inductance and a resonant capacitor form the L-C resonant circuit to
achieve smooth current commutation and soft-switching.
Two types of resonant capacitor configurations are proposed in literature:
shunt-connected across the transformer-secondary and seriesconnected with
the transformer-primary. Shunt-connected capacitor has the drawbacks of
constant resonant energy and large duty-cycle loss. While series-connected
capacitor realizes adaptive resonant energy and reduces duty-cycle loss, it
suffers from increased peak-voltage stress for primary-side components and
insufficient resonant capacitor voltage at light-loads.
In this project a dual-capacitor resonant circuit to realize adaptive resonant
energy and address the aforementioned limitations. Operation of proposed
converter is explained and validated through simulation and experimental
results.
12/08/2021 ANALYSIS OF FB-ZCS DC-DC CONVERTER USING DUAL CAPACITOR CIRCUIT 3
LITERATURE SURVEY
X. Zhang, H. S. h. Chung, X. Ruan and A. Ioinovici, “A ZCS FullBridge
Converter Without Voltage Overstress on the Switches,” .
R. Y. Chen, T. J. Liang, J. F. Chen, R. L. Lin and K. C. Tseng, “Study and
implementation of a current-fed full-bridge boost dc-dc converter with
zero-current switching for high-voltage applications.
C. Iannello, S. Luo and I. Batarseh, “Small-signal and transient analysis of
a full-bridge, zero-current-switched PWM converter using an average
model,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 793-801, May
2003.
X. Zhu, D. Xu, H. Umida and K. Mino, “Current-fed phase shift controlled
full bridge ZCS DC-DC converter with reverse block IGBT,” in Proc. IEEE
Appl. Power Electron. Conf., 2005, pp. 1605-1610.
J. Chen, R. Chen and T. Liang, “Study and implementation of a single-stage
current-fed boost PFC converter with ZCS for high voltage applications,”
IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 379-386, Jan. 2008.
12/08/2021 ANALYSIS OF FB-ZCS DC-DC CONVERTER USING DUAL CAPACITOR CIRCUIT 4
INTRODUCTION
The demand for better efficiency and compactness led to the development of
soft-switching techniques in power electronic converters.
Soft-switched converters offer benefits such as improved efficiency, power
density, reduced switching noise and EMI, etc. over hard-switched converters .
Full-bridge zero-current switching (FB-ZCS) family of converters are well
suited for single-stage voltage step-up applications requiring high-frequency
isolation .
Quasi-resonant operation is realized by utilizing the leakage inductance of
transformer and a resonant capacitor, resulting in smooth current commutation
and soft-switching - ZCS for primary switches and ZVS/ZCS for secondary
output diodes.
There are two types of resonant capacitor configurations.
[Link]-Connected across the transformer secondary.
[Link]-Connected with transformer primary.
12/08/2021 ANALYSIS OF FB-ZCS DC-DC CONVERTER USING DUAL CAPACITOR CIRCUIT 5
EXISTING METHOD
SHUNT CONNECTED ACROSS DC-DC CONVERTER
In this type a resonant capacitor is connected parallely across the
transformer secondary.
There are many drawbacks due to above type of connection. Some of
them are.
Duty cycle losses.
Capacitor charging time will be more.
Restricted operation.
Not possible for overload conditions.
It store full load rated resonant energy irrespective of converter
loading.
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EXISTING METHOD (CONTD.)
SERIES CONNECTED ACROSS DC-DC CONVERTER
Resonant Capacitor is connected in series with the transformer
primary.
Series Capacitor increases voltage ratings of primary side
components.
The voltage doubler output rectifier is used.
Capacitor is needed to store additional energy.
Difficult to satisfy the resonant criteria at light loads.
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PROPOSED METHOD
In this project a dual-capacitor resonant circuit to address the
limitations with existing solutions.
A resonant capacitor is connected in series with the transformer-
primary.
Resonant capacitor is connected in parallel with the transformer-
secondary.
12/08/2021 ANALYSIS OF FB-ZCS DC-DC CONVERTER USING DUAL CAPACITOR CIRCUIT 8
OBJECTIVES
To obtain a simple converter structure.
Design to operate over wide operating ranges.
To reduce the duty cycle losses .
To reduce the Capacitor charging especially at light loads.
At reduced loading,
1 .Series Capacitor stores less resonant energy.
[Link] Capacitor mainly supports the current commutation process.
At higher loading,
[Link] Capacitor stores more resonant energy.
[Link] mainly supports the current commutation.
To reduces the peak voltage rating compared to converters using
only series capacitor.
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DUAL CAPACITOR RESONANT CIRCUIT
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DUAL CAPACITOR RESONANT CIRCUIT
A dual capacitor resonant circuit is used to overcome the
limitations of shunt and series connected capacitors resonant
circuits.
A resonant capacitor is connected in series with the transformer-
primary and another resonant capacitor is connected in parallel
with the transformer-secondary.
Series-capacitor stores adaptive resonant energy dependent on
the input current (converter loading).
Shunt-capacitor stores fixed resonant energy under all operating
conditions.
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PROPOSED MODEL
FB-ZCS DC-DC CONVERTER
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ABOUT FB-ZCS DC-DC CONVERTER
The inductor Lin behaves as constant current source at the input.
Primary side full bridge requires reverse blocking switches S1-S4.
Resonant capacitor Cr-pr is connected in series with the transformer
primary.
Resonant capacitor Cr-sec is connected in parallel with the transformer
secondary.
Leakage inductance of transformer Lr together with equivalent
combination of Cr-pr and Cr-sec facilitates smooth resonant current
commutation and soft switching.
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Cont...
Transformer secondary consist of voltage doubler rectifier with
output filter capacitors connected to a load or dc grid.
By utilizing a voltage doubler rectifier at the output current ripple in
input inductor and voltage stress across primary switches, input
inductor and transformer windings are reduced by 50%.
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MODES OF OPERATION
Modes of operation Steady-state operation over a complete switching
time period Ts is divided into ten operating modes.
First five operating modes are shown in circuit and explained in
detail. Next five operating modes are similar to the first five modes
due to symmetry and hence, not discussed.
Steady-state theoretical waveforms are shown in fig:
12/08/2021 ANALYSIS OF FB-ZCS DC-DC CONVERTER USING DUAL CAPACITOR CIRCUIT 15
ASSUMPTIONS
Following assumptions are considered for steady-state analysis
All components are ideal.
Inductor Lin is large enough to maintain constant current Iin and
output capacitors Co1, Co2 are large enough to maintain constant
voltage of Vo/2 each.
Transformer magnetizing inductance is very large.
Resonant frequency ωo and impedance Zo are defined in terms of
equivalent capacitance Cr−eq as follows.
(1)
(2)
12/08/2021 ANALYSIS OF FB-ZCS DC-DC CONVERTER USING DUAL CAPACITOR CIRCUIT 16
CONVERTER OPERATION
MODE-I OPEARTION I- (t0 − t1) :
Energy is transferred from input to output with switches S1, S4 and
diode Do1 conducting.
12/08/2021 ANALYSIS OF FB-ZCS DC-DC CONVERTER USING DUAL CAPACITOR CIRCUIT 17
Voltage across Cr-sec is clamped at Vo/2 at the start of this mode,
forward-biasing Do1 and resulting in its ZVS turn-on.
Cr-pr is charged by Iin flowing through the transformer primary.
This mode ends at t1 when switch S3 is turned-on.
Mode - I equations are as follows:
12/08/2021 ANALYSIS OF FB-ZCS DC-DC CONVERTER USING DUAL CAPACITOR CIRCUIT 18
MODE-II OPERATION-(t1 − t2) :
This mode begins at t1 when switch S3 is turned-on. Switches S1, S3,
S4 and diode Do1 are conducting.
Voltage VAB is clamped to zero.
Vo/2n and VCr−pr appear across Lr decreasing the current ipr to zero.
Iin transfers from S4 to S3.
12/08/2021 ANALYSIS OF FB-ZCS DC-DC CONVERTER USING DUAL CAPACITOR CIRCUIT 19
Current through S3 rises gradually resulting in ZCS turn-on and
current through S4 reaches zero at t2 resulting in ZCS turn-off.
Since Cr−pr continues to charge during this mode, more than one
iteration will be required to accurately calculate VCr−pr−peak and t12 due
to their interdependence.
Mode - II equations are as follows:
12/08/2021 ANALYSIS OF FB-ZCS DC-DC CONVERTER USING DUAL CAPACITOR CIRCUIT 20
Mode – III OPERATION - (t2 − t3) :
Switches S1 and S3 are conducting and charge the input inductor Lin.
No current flows from input to output and load is completely
supported by capacitors Co1, Co2.
12/08/2021 ANALYSIS OF FB-ZCS DC-DC CONVERTER USING DUAL CAPACITOR CIRCUIT 21
As the current through S4 reaches zero at t2, its gate signal is turned-
off during this interval resulting in ZCS turn-off.
This mode ends at t3 when S2 is turned-on.
Mode - III equations are as follows:
12/08/2021 ANALYSIS OF FB-ZCS DC-DC CONVERTER USING DUAL CAPACITOR CIRCUIT 22
EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT FOR ANALYSIS
12/08/2021 ANALYSIS OF FB-ZCS DC-DC CONVERTER USING DUAL CAPACITOR CIRCUIT 23
Mode - IV OPERATION - (t3 − t4):
Switch S2 is turned-on at t3 and Iin starts transferring from S1 to S2
through L-C resonance.
The energy stored in both resonant capacitors is transfered to L r,
increasing ipr from zero to −Iin.
For ease of analysis, equivalent capacitance is considered for the L-C
resonant circuit, as shown in Fig
12/08/2021 ANALYSIS OF FB-ZCS DC-DC CONVERTER USING DUAL CAPACITOR CIRCUIT 24
Current through S2 rises gradually resulting in ZCS turn-on.
At the instant t4 when ipr reaches −Iin, the current through S1 reaches
zero and marks the end of this mode.
Gate signal of S1 is turned-off in subsequent mode, resulting in ZCS
turn-off.
Mode - IV equations are as follows:
12/08/2021 ANALYSIS OF FB-ZCS DC-DC CONVERTER USING DUAL CAPACITOR CIRCUIT 25
Mode - V OPERATION - (t4 − t5):
Switches S2 and S3 are conducting during this mode.
Voltage change across Cr−pr and Cr−sec during the previous mode is
inversely proportional to their capacitances, given by eq. 21.
12/08/2021 ANALYSIS OF FB-ZCS DC-DC CONVERTER USING DUAL CAPACITOR CIRCUIT 26
Using this condition, the value of V Cr−pr(t4) and V Cr−sec(t4) can be
obtained.
Resonant capacitors are charged in the opposite direction by the
constant current Iin flowing in the converter.
This mode ends at t5 when the magnitude of V Cr−sec reaches Vo/2.
Switch S1 is turned-off with ZCS during this interval. Mode - V
equations are as follows:
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THEORETICAL WAVE FORMS:
12/08/2021 ANALYSIS OF FB-ZCS DC-DC CONVERTER USING DUAL CAPACITOR CIRCUIT 28
CONVERTER SPECIFICATIONS
PARAMETER VALUE
Input voltage 125V
Output voltage 500V
Switching frequency 20KHZ
Input inductor 1mH
Output capacitor(each) 100 µF
Leakage inductance 10 µH
Turns ratio 1:1
Series-resonant cap. 1.5 µF
Shunt -resonant cap. 10 nF
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SIMULINK MODEL OF FB-ZCS DC-DC CONVERTER
USING DUAL CAPACITOR CIRCUIT
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SIMULATION RESULTS
For 1000 w operation:
V in: V
O
L
T
A
G
E
TIME PERIOD(SECS)
I in: C
U
R
R
E
N
T
TIME PERIOD(SECS))
12/08/2021 ANALYSIS OF FB-ZCS DC-DC CONVERTER USING DUAL CAPACITOR CIRCUIT 31
Vo: V
O
L
T
A
G
E
TIME PERIOD(SECS)
Vcr-pr:
V
O
L
T
A
G
E
TIME PERIOD(SECS)
12/08/2021 ANALYSIS OF FB-ZCS DC-DC CONVERTER USING DUAL CAPACITOR CIRCUIT 32
Vcr-sec:
V
O
L
T
A
G
E
TIME PERIOD(SECS)
Ipr:
C
U
R
R
E
N
T
TIME PERIOD(SECS)
12/08/2021 ANALYSIS OF FB-ZCS DC-DC CONVERTER USING DUAL CAPACITOR CIRCUIT 33
VERIFICATION OF EQUATION AT 1 KW
MODE PARAMETER SIMULATED CALCULATED
T
I 01 12.258 s 12.297 s
T
II 12 0.252 s 0.254 s
T
III 23 11.748 s 11.746 s
T
IV 34 0.5 s 0.44 s
T
V 45 0.242 s 0.263 s
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CONCLUSION
A current-fed full-bridge zero-current-switching dc-dc converter with
dual-capacitor resonant circuit is presented in this paper, which is
well-suited for voltage step-up applications.
Main improvements achieved with proposed idea include:
1. Operating range improvement due to reduction in duty cycle loss
and realization of adaptive resonant energy, an
2. Reduction in peak-voltage stress and rating of primary-side
components.
3. Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the
operation of proposed converter.
12/08/2021 ANALYSIS OF FB-ZCS DC-DC CONVERTER USING DUAL CAPACITOR CIRCUIT 35
REFERENCES
C. Iannello, S. Luo, I. Batarseh, “Full bridge ZCS PWM converter
for high-voltage high-power applications,”.
R. Y. Chen, T. J. Liang, J. F. Chen, R. L. Lin and K. C. Tseng, “Study
and implementation of a current-fed full-bridge boost dc-dc
converter with zero-current switching for high-voltage
applications,”.
X. Zhang, H. S. h. Chung, X. Ruan and A. Ioinovici, “A ZCS
FullBridge Converter Without Voltage Overstress on the Switches,” .
C. Li and D. Xu, “Family of enhanced ZCS single-stage single-phase
isolated ac-dc converter for high-power high-voltage dc supply,”.
H. Wang, Q. Sun, H. S. H. Chung, S. Tapuchi and A. Ioinovici, “A
ZCS current-fed full-bridge PWM converter with self-adaptable
softswitching snubber energy,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 24,
no. 8, pp. 1977-1991, Aug. 2009.
12/08/2021 ANALYSIS OF FB-ZCS DC-DC CONVERTER USING DUAL CAPACITOR CIRCUIT 36
THANK YOU
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ANALYSIS OF FB-ZCS DC-DC CONVERTER
12/08/2021 USING DUAL CAPACITOR CIRCUIT 38