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Understanding Semantic Roles and Valency

The document discusses predicate valency and the roles that accompany predicates. It defines valency as the number of arguments a predicate takes. There are three types of valency: valency zero predicates take no arguments; valency one predicates take one argument (the subject); and valency two predicates take two arguments (a subject and an object). Examples of each valency type are provided to illustrate how the predicates relate to their arguments. The roles that arguments can take are also explained, such as agent, affected, or associate.

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Yeni Lestari
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14 views9 pages

Understanding Semantic Roles and Valency

The document discusses predicate valency and the roles that accompany predicates. It defines valency as the number of arguments a predicate takes. There are three types of valency: valency zero predicates take no arguments; valency one predicates take one argument (the subject); and valency two predicates take two arguments (a subject and an object). Examples of each valency type are provided to illustrate how the predicates relate to their arguments. The roles that arguments can take are also explained, such as agent, affected, or associate.

Uploaded by

Yeni Lestari
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

SEMANTICS

ROLES
By 5th Group:
Styawan Yusuf Pebrianto (204190047)
Yeni Lestari (204190056)
Kreidler’s Perspektif
● According to Kreidler (1997:66) that the predicate may be verb, an
adjective, and a preposition or noun phrase. The arguments which accompany
the predicate have different functions, role in proposition. The meaning of
predicate is determined by how many arguments they have and what role
those argument have.

●The function of the predicate is to describe the specific relationship between


the things, persons, etc. referred to describe how the things and or people
participate in the particular situation described. This also determined in part
by how many arguments it may have and what those arguments have. For
example: A window broke. A window as the affected, and broke or break as
predicate.
VALENCY

Definition: Type of Valency:


•An account of the number of 1. Valency Zero
arguments that a predicate has, 2. Valency One
or is the number of arguments 3. Valency two
that accompany a particular
predicate.
VALENCY For Example:
ZERO  It’s Snowing
 It’s Windy
 It’s Raining
Valency zero is: • It’s snowing: “snowing” is a verb,
and “It” is a subject. Although “it”
● an impersonal verb that is subject, but it doesn’t mean
has no determinate subject anything and doesn’t correspond to
anything. So, snow is a zero-
●This valency takes no argument (zero subject).
• It’s windy: “Windy” is an adjective,
arguments or zero and “It” is a subject. Although “it”
argument verb. is subject, but it doesn’t mean
anything and doesn’t correspond to
anything. So, windy is a zero-
argument (zero subject).
VALENCY ONE
The valency that has one argument. The verbs have subject but no
object. So, that known as one-argument predicates.

Example:
• Larry Laughed.
Actor Action
• A volcano erupted
Affected Event
• Terry is impatient 2
itle. P5
Book T
Theme Description.
VALENCY ● The valency that has two
TWO arguments. Most verbs take a
subject and an object, also
known as two-argument
predicates.
Examples:
Bert hit Harry
Argument 1 Action Argument 2
Agent Effected

Fiona entered the room


Argument 1 Action Argument 2
Actor Place
Sentences below do not express any action. They tell how one entity effects
or fails to effect-another entity.
 The decision surprised us all.
Argument 1 Affect Argument 2
Affecting Affected
•Oliver envied his brother
Argument 1 Affect Argument 2
Affected Affecting

Sentence below are about neither action nor effecting. The predicate merely
acts as a link between one argument, a theme, and another argument it is
associate.
Tom is with Ann
Argument 1 Link Argument 2
Theme Associate
Link may indicate the relation of a
theme and its associate in space
Example: north of, south of, in/on, Linking predicate of some person
near/behind. or some entity composed of
The USA is south of Canada people. Example: Julie is Carol’s
Theme Link Associate
daughter.
Theme Link Associate
Some linking predicates locate events Julie daughter-of Carol.
in time. Example: on, at, after, etc.

The meeting is after class.

Theme Link Associate


THANK YOU

H TIN G!!!!!
FIG ILE…
E P S M
KE

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