SPACE VECTOR

MODULATION

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 Space Vector Modulation

2

v  v a ( t )  av b ( t )  a 2 v c ( t )
3

Let’s consider 3-phase sinusoidal voltage:

At t=t1, t = (3/5) (= 108o)

va = 0.9511(Vm)
a
vb = -0.208(Vm)

vc = -0.743(Vm)

c
Three phase quantities vary sinusoidally with time (frequency f)
 space vector rotates at 2f, magnitude Vm
 Space Vector Modulation

How could we synthesize sinusoidal voltage using VSI ?

 Space Vector Modulation

S1 S3 S5

+ va -
Vdc a + vb -
b + vc -
n
c
S4 S6 S2

N We want va, vb and vc to follow

va* v*a, v*b and v*c
vb * S1, S2, ….S6
vc *
 Space Vector Modulation

S1 S3 S5

+ va -
Vdc a + vb -
b + vc -
n
c
S4 S6 S2

van = vaN + vNn

N
vbn = vbN + vNn
From the definition of space vector:
vcn = vcN + vNn
2

v  v a ( t )  av b ( t )  a 2 v c ( t )
3

 Space Vector Modulation

=0

2

v  v aN  av bN  a 2 v cN  v Nn (1  a  a 2 )
3

vaN = VdcSa, vaN = VdcSb, vaN = VdcSa, Sa, Sb, Sc = 1 or 0

2

v  Vdc S a  aS b  a 2 S c
3

2

v  v a ( t )  av b ( t )  a 2 v c ( t )
3

 Space Vector Modulation

Sector 2
[010] V3 [110] V2
(1/3)Vdc
Sector 3 Sector 1

[100] V1
[011] V4
(2/3)Vdc

Sector 4 2

v  Vdc S a  aS b  a 2 S c
3
 Sector 6

[001] V5 Sector 5 [101] V6

 Space Vector Modulation

Reference voltage is sampled at regular interval, T

Within sampling period, vref is synthesized using adjacent vectors and

zero vectors

110
If T is sampling period, V2
V1 is applied for T1, Sector 1
V2 is applied for T2

Zero voltage is applied for the T2

rest of the sampling period, V2
T
T 0 = T  T1  T 2 100
T1 V1
V1
T
 Space Vector Modulation

Reference voltage is sampled at regular interval, T

Within sampling period, vref is synthesized using adjacent vectors and

zero vectors
T0/2 T1 T2 T0/2

V0 V1 V2 V7
If T is sampling period,
V1 is applied for T1, va
V2 is applied for T2
vb
Zero voltage is applied for the
rest of the sampling period, vc
T 0 = T  T1  T 2
T T
Vref is sampled Vref is sampled
 Space Vector Modulation

How do we calculate T1, T2, T0 and T7?

They are calculated based on volt-second integral of vref

1 T 1  To T1 T2 T7


T 0 T 0  0  0 
v ref dt   v 0 dt  v 1dt  v 2 dt  v 7 dt 
0  
v ref  T  v o  To  v 1  T1  v 2  T2  v 7  T7

2 2
v ref  T  To  0  Vd  T1  Vd (cos 60 o  j sin 60 o )T2  T7  0
3 3
2 2
v ref  T  Vd  T1  Vd (cos 60o  j sin 60o )T2
3 3
 Space Vector Modulation

q T  T1  T2  T0,7
110
V2
Sector 1

v ref   v ref  cos   j sin  


100
2 2 V1o d
v ref  T  Vd  T1  Vd (cos 60o  j sin 60 )T2
3 3
 Space Vector Modulation

2 2
v ref  T  Vd  T1  Vd (cos 60o  j sin 60o )T2
3 3
2 1 1
T v ref cos   Vd T1  Vd T2 T v ref sin   Vd T2
3 3 3

Solving for T1, T2 and T0,7 gives:

3  T 1  v ref
T1  m cos   T sin   T2  mT sin  where m 
Vd
2  3 3 
3
 Space Vector Modulation

Comparison between SVM and SPWM

SPWM

a
o b
c

vao

Vdc/2
For m = 1, amplitude of
fundamental for vao is Vdc/2

amplitude of line-line = 3
Vdc
2

-Vdc/2
 Space Vector Modulation

Comparison between SVM and SPWM

SVM
1
We know max possible phase voltage without overmodulation is Vdc
3

amplitude of line-line = Vdc

3
Vdc  Vdc
2 x100  15%
Line-line voltage increased by:
3
Vdc
2
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