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Graphing Rational Functions Guide

1. Determine the intercepts, asymptotes, and zeros of the rational function by setting the numerator and denominator equal to zero. 2. Construct a table of signs to determine the sign of the function between zeros and vertical asymptotes. 3. Sketch a smooth curve between and beyond vertical asymptotes based on the table of signs, excluding points where the function is undefined.

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38 views33 pages

Graphing Rational Functions Guide

1. Determine the intercepts, asymptotes, and zeros of the rational function by setting the numerator and denominator equal to zero. 2. Construct a table of signs to determine the sign of the function between zeros and vertical asymptotes. 3. Sketch a smooth curve between and beyond vertical asymptotes based on the table of signs, excluding points where the function is undefined.

Uploaded by

Lavigne Emphasis
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Introduction
  • Review
  • Objectives
  • Steps in Graphing Rational Functions
  • Example 1
  • Example 2
  • Activity
  • Generalization

Graphing Rational

Functions
Review
•What
  do you mean by:
a. Domain?
b. Range?
c. Zeroes of a function (x-intercept)?
d. y-intercept?
What is the domain, range, x-intercept and y-
intercept of ?
Review

How to determine the vertical asymptote?

How to determine the horizontal asymptote?


Objectives
1. determine the intercepts, zeroes, and asymptotes of
rational function.

2. graph rational functions.


Steps in Graphing Rational Function
• 
1. Find and plot the y-intercept, if there is, by
evaluating .

2. Find and plot the x-intercept, if there is, by


equating the numerator to zero.
Steps in Graphing Rational Function
3. Equate the denominator to zero and solve for x, then sketch the
resulting equation using dashed line (vertical asymptote).

4. Find and sketch the horizontal asymptote using dashed line.


Steps in Graphing Rational Function
5. Construct a table of signs to determine the sign of the
function on the intervals determined by the zeroes and
the vertical asymptote.
6. Use smooth curve to complete the graph between and
beyond vertical asymptotes, excluding any points where f
is not defined.
Example 1
• Sketch the graph of and state the domain
and range.
Step 1
•Find
  and plot the y-intercept, if there is, by
evaluating .

Hence, there is no y-intercept.


Step 2
• 
Find and plot the x-intercept, if there is, by
equating the numerator to zero.

The x-intercept is at .
Step 3
• 
Equate the denominator to zero and solve for
x, then sketch the resulting equation using
dashed line (vertical asymptote).
Step 4
•Find
  and sketch the other asymptote using
dashed line.
Since there is a horizontal asymptote at
Step 5
Construct a table of signs to determine
the sign of the function on the intervals
determined by the zeroes and the vertical
asymptote.
Intervals
Test point
Step 6
Use smooth curve to complete the graph
between and beyond vertical asymptotes,
excluding any points where f is not defined.
 
𝐷={ 𝑥 ∈ ℝ : 𝑥 ≠ 0 }
 
1
𝑅={ 𝑦 ∈ ℝ : 𝑦 ≠ }
2
Example 2
 
Sketch the graph of and state the domain
and range.
Step 1
•Find
  and plot the y-intercept, if there is, by
evaluating .

Hence, the is y-intercept is at or the origin.


Step 2
•Find
  and plot the x-intercept, if there is, by
equating the numerator to zero.

The x-intercept is or the origin.


Step 3
•Equate
  the denominator to zero and solve for
x, then sketch the resulting equation using
dashed line (vertical asymptote).
Step 4
• 
Find and sketch the other asymptote using
dashed line.

Since the horizontal asymptote is the x-axis.


Step 5
Intervals
Test Point
Step 6

Use smooth curve to complete the graph


between and beyond vertical asymptotes,
excluding any points where f is not defined.
 
𝐷= { 𝑥 ∈ ℝ| 𝑥 ≠− 2,3 }
 
𝑅={ 𝑦| 𝑦 ∈ ℝ }
Activity
•Sketch
  the graph of the following rational
function and state the domain and range.
1. 5.
2. 6.
3. 7.
Generalization

How to graph a rational function?

Graphing Rational Functions
Review What do you mean by: a. Domain? b. Range? c. Zeroes of a function (x-intercept)? d. y-intercept? What is the domain, r
Review How to determine the vertical asymptote? How to determine the horizontal asymptote?
Objectives 1. determine the intercepts, zeroes, and asymptotes of rational function. 2. graph rational functions.
Steps in Graphing Rational Function 1. Find and plot the y-intercept, if there is, by evaluating . 2. Find and plot the x-in
Steps in Graphing Rational Function 3. Equate the denominator to zero and solve for x, then sketch the resulting equation us
Steps in Graphing Rational Function 5. Construct a table of signs to determine the sign of the function on the intervals det
Example 1 Sketch the graph of and state the domain and range. •  
Step 1 Find and plot the y-intercept, if there is, by evaluating . Hence, there is no y-intercept. •  
Step 2 Find and plot the x-intercept, if there is, by equating the numerator to zero. The x-intercept is at . •  

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