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Introduction to Therapeutic Exercises

Therapeutic exercise is the systematic performance of bodily movements, postures, or physical activities intended to achieve desired outcomes such as remediating or preventing impairments, improving physical function, and optimizing health. A patient receives physical therapy to improve function from diagnosed dysfunction, while a client engages in preventative services. Therapeutic exercises target physical functions like balance, muscle performance, coordination, and flexibility. Safety is paramount regardless of exercise type. The disablement model describes how pathology leads to impairments, functional limitations, and disability. Therapeutic exercises aim to prevent or reduce disability through primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention approaches.

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74 views14 pages

Introduction to Therapeutic Exercises

Therapeutic exercise is the systematic performance of bodily movements, postures, or physical activities intended to achieve desired outcomes such as remediating or preventing impairments, improving physical function, and optimizing health. A patient receives physical therapy to improve function from diagnosed dysfunction, while a client engages in preventative services. Therapeutic exercises target physical functions like balance, muscle performance, coordination, and flexibility. Safety is paramount regardless of exercise type. The disablement model describes how pathology leads to impairments, functional limitations, and disability. Therapeutic exercises aim to prevent or reduce disability through primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention approaches.

Uploaded by

aroosha
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© All Rights Reserved
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Introduction to

therapeutic
exercises

Lecture 1

DR. AROOSHA ABRAR


THERAPEUTIC EXERCISE

– DEFINITION
– Therapeutic exercise is the systematic, planned performance of bodily movements,
postures, or physical activities intended to achieve desired outcomes.
– Remediate or prevent impairments
– Improve, restore, or enhance physical function
– Prevent or reduce health-related risk factors
– Optimize overall health status, fitness, or sense of well-being
PATIENT VS CLIENT

– A patient is an individual with impairments and functional limitations diagnosed


by a physical therapist who is receiving physical therapy care to improve
function and prevent disability.

– A client is an individual without diagnosed dysfunction who engages in physical


therapy services to promote health and wellness and to prevent dysfunction.
PHYSICAL FUNCTION

– Physical function comprises of diverse yet interrelated areas of performance


which are
– Balance
– Muscle performance
– Coordination
– Cardiopulmonary fitness
– Mobility
– Flexibility
TYPES OF THERAPEUTIC
INTERVENTIONS
– Aerobic conditioning and reconditioning
– Muscle performance exercises: strength, power, and endurance training
– Stretching techniques including muscle-lengthening procedures and joint mobilization
techniques
– Neuromuscular control, inhibition, and facilitation techniques and posture awareness
training
– Postural control, body mechanics, and stabilization exercises
– Balance exercises and agility training
– Relaxation exercises
– Breathing exercises and ventilatory muscle training
– Task-specific functional training
EXERCISE SAFETY

– Regardless of the type of therapeutic exercise interventions in a patient’s


exercise program, safety is a fundamental consideration in every aspect of the
program
– Patient safety
– Therapist safety
DISABLEMENT MODEL

– Disablement models describe how a disease or a pathology results in


impairments, functional limitations and disability.
– Pathology/Pathophysiology
– Impairment
– Functional limitations
– Disability
PATHOLOGY

– This first major component of the disablement model refers to disruptions of


the body’s homeostasis as the result of acute or chronic diseases that are
indicative of alterations or interruptions of structure or function of the body at
the cellular level.
IMPAIRMENT

– Impairments are the consequences of pathological conditions; that is, they are
the signs and symptoms that reflect abnormalities at the body system, organ, or
tissue level.
– PRIMARY IMPAIRMENT
– Impairments may arise directly from the pathology.
– SECONDARY IMPAIRMENT
– Impairments that are the result of preexisting impairments
FUNCTIONAL LIMITATIONS

– They are the result of impairments and are characterized by the reduced ability
of a person to perform actions or components of motor skills in an efficient or
typically expected manner
– When impairments cause functional limitations, a person’s quality of life may
begin to deteriorate.
– TYPES OF FUNCTIONAL LIMITATIONS
– ADL (activity of daily living)
– IADL (instrumental activity of daily living)
DISABILTY

– The final category of the disablement continuum is disability.


– A disability is defined as a condition or function judged to be significantly
impaired relative to the usual standard of an individual or group.
– Difficulty with societal functioning.
PREVENTION

– Understanding the relationships among pathology, impairments, functional


limitations, and perceived disability is fundamental to the prevention or reduction
of disability.
– Primary prevention
– Activities such as health promotion designed to prevent disease in an at-risk population
– Secondary prevention
– Early diagnosis and reduction of the severity or duration of existing disease and sequelae
– Tertiary prevention
– Use of rehabilitation to reduce the degree or limit the progression of existing disability and
improve multiple aspects of function in persons with chronic, irreversible diseases
RISK FACTORS

– Risk factors related to disablement are influences or characteristics that


predispose a person to the process of disablement.
– They exist prior to the onset of the pathology, impairments, functional
limitations or disability.
– When active pathology exists, the reduction of risk factors by means of buffers
is appropriate.
THANK YOU

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