BASIC SHIP KNOWLEDGE
Prepared By
Dr. Sasi kumar P.V
GENERAL ASPECTS OF SHIPPING - BASIC
A Ship is a floating vessel used for transporting cargo and
passengers across the oceans and through rivers.
Ships come in different sizes and arrangements to carry
different types of cargo. The importance of shipping and
ships can be appreciated from the fact that ships transport
about 90 % of world’s cargo.
GENERAL ASPECTS OF SHIPPING – BASIC
Contd.
Ships are powered by either-steam turbines, gas turbines,
or diesel engines.
Steam produced in the boilers spins the bladed wheels of
the turbine and drives the propeller shaft and makes the
propeller revolve. Gas turbines work much like steam
turbines but use hot gases instead of steam.
Ships that have diesel engines are called motor ships.
TYPES OF SHIPS
There are three major categories of ships:
Cargo ships and Passenger ships and Other Categories.
Cargo ships are further subdivided into Dry Cargoes and
Wet Cargoes.
TYPES OF SHIPS
Cargo Ships - Types
Dry Cargo vessels Bulk Carriers
General Cargo Ships Roll On- Roll off Vessel
Container Vessel
TYPES OF SHIPS- Contd.
Passenger Ships:
Cruise Liners / Ferries
Other Ships:
Tug Boats, Offshore Supply Vessels. Cable Laying Ships,
Survey Ships etc.
LIFE CYCLE OF A SHIP- CRADLE TO GRAVE
FOUR PHASES OF A SHIP’S LIFE CYCLE
DESIGN STAGE
CONSTRUCTION STAGE
OPERATION STAGE
RECYCLING STAGE
SHIPBOARD ORGANIZATION
Master
(Captain)
Navigation Engineering (engine
(deck department) department)
Chief officer Chief engineer
2nd officer Catering and 2nd engineer
3rd officer house keeping 3rd engineer
Deck cadet department 4th engineer
Deck rating Chief cook Junior engineer
(boson, able 2nd cook Electrical officer
seaman, quarter Chief steward Engine ratings,
master etc) steward fitter etc
SHIPBOARD ORGANIZATION-Contd.
The above organization structure is for cargo ships.
Passenger ships have additional departments and a large
crew. The number of crew on a ship depends on the size of
the ship, type of the ship, the extent of automation of
machinery, international regulations, national regulations
and other needs.
PARTS OF A SHIP
superstructure
deck Parts of a ship engine room
wing tank
ballast tanks cargo spaces
Holds/tanks
db tank Holds/tanks
hull
PARTS OF A SHIP – CONTD .
cargo control galley
room
store superstructure accommodation
radio navigation
communication bridge
PARTS OF A SHIP – CONTD .
aft side poop
hull mid-ship mooring
winches
Chain locker forecastle
windlass
fwd side
anchor
CARGO WORK
• Cargo Handling Equipments are derricks, Cranes, Grabs,
Gantry, Pumps etc.
• Cargo is carried in the Holds or Tanks of the ship.
• Each hold has a coaming about one metre high, to prevent
water going in the hold.
• Each hold has an opening in the centre called “Hatch”
• Cargo is loaded / unloaded through this hatch.
• Hatch Cover is a steel platform that makes the hatch a
watertight compartment.
Mooring Arrangement The red line shown is the fwd head line. The blue
line is the breast line and the green line is the fwd spring line. Similarly, on the
aft side also, there is a head line breast line and a spring line. These mooring
lines keep the vessel in place alongside the wharf.
Important Conventions /Codes Connected with Shipping
1. SOLAS – Safety Of Life At Sea, 1974
2. MARPOL 73/78 as amended
3. STCW -95 Code as amended
4. MLC Code
5. ISM Code – International Safety Management Code
6. ISPS Code – International Ship and Port Safety Code
7. IBC Code – International Bulk Chemical carrier Code
8. IGC Code – International Gas Carrier Code
Terms connected with Shipping - Abbreviation
• IMO –International Maritime Organization
• ILO - International Labour Organization
• ICF - International Chamber of Shipping
• ITF - International Transport Workers Federation
• DGS - Director General of Shipping
• MMD – Mercantile Marine Department
• PSC - Port State Control
• FSC - Flag State Control
• IRS – Indian Register of Shipping
• LRS - Lloyd’s Register of Shipping
Terms connected with Shipping - Glossary
Displacement, light - The weight of the ship excluding cargo, fuel, ballast,
stores, passengers, crew, but with water in boilers to steaming level.
Displacement, loaded - The weight of the ship including cargo, passengers,
fuel, water, stores, dunnage and such other items necessary for use on a
voyage, which brings the ship down to her load draft.
Deadweight - The total lifting capacity of a ship expressed in tons. It is the
difference between the displacement light and the displacement loaded.
Ballasting / Deballasting:
In big ships like bulk carriers and tankers etc. in order to correct and
maintain the stability and trim, during the loading and discharge time and
during sea passages, sea water is taken inside certain dedicated tanks called
ballast tanks. This operation of taking in the sea water into the ballast tanks
is called ballasting. The reverse operation of this ie, pumping out of the
ballast water from ship’s tanks is called de-ballasting.
Plimsol marks