PERSONS AND CAREER

PATHWAYS
CAREER AND PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

A career is a profession that a person

may get into, either because he has
found a good match between his life
goals, skills, personality and interest
with a dream job, or it may just be to
earn a living.
CAREER SELECTION AMONG FILIPINOS

 It is believed that a college diploma is a major

factor in improving one’s quality of life.
 There are instances wherein the padre de familia
chooses the course for the children.
 Some high paying jobs may or may not match the
person’s interests, skills, and passions.
CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORIES

 Hansen defines career as the continuous lifelong

process of developmental experiences that
focuses on seeking, obtaining, and processing
information about self, occupational and
educational alternatives, life styles, and role
options.
DONALD SUPER’S LIFE CAREER RAINBOW
EIGHT LIFE ROLES

 Let's look at Super's life roles in more detail – this

will enable you to produce a more accurate Life
Career Rainbow of your own.
 1. Child – the time and energy that you use
relating to your parents. The role begins at birth
and continues until both of your parents are
deceased. You spend a lot of time in this role early
on in your life. After that, it tends to decrease
until your 50s or 60s, when there's often a surge in
the time and attention that you spend caring for
elderly parents .
 2. Student – you may become a student as early
as three or four years old (depending on your
nationality and culture) and continue until at least
the age of 16, although it's increasingly common
in many countries to keep studying into your 20s.
More and more people now pursue career training
or further education throughout their lives.
 3. Leisurite – this word was invented by Super to
describe the time that you spend on leisure
activities. Many people have more leisure time
when they're children or adolescents, and after
they've retired.
 4. Citizen – the time and energy that you devote
to working for the community, or in unpaid
volunteer work. People often engage in this as
their children get older and they have more free
time.
 5. Worker – the time and energy that you spend in paid
employment.

 6. Parent – the time and energy that you use raising and
caring for children . The role is usually significant until
children reach their mid-teens, but many grown-up
children stay at home during higher education, or move
back home as adults, so it may well continue for longer.
 7. Spouse – the time and energy that you spend in a
committed relationship.

 8. Homemaker – the time and energy that you use to

maintain your home life: cooking, cleaning, repairing,
and shopping, for example. This role typically starts
when you leave the home where you were raised and
make a new home for yourself.
LIFE STAGES

 When Super developed his model, people in industrialized

countries generally moved through five clear "life stages." In
particular, the middle part of life was taken up with the intense
and often conflicting activities of hard work and parenting, with
relatively little time dedicated to leisure.

 Today, careers often follow less predictable patterns. In your own

Life Career Rainbow you can adjust the "typical" age ranges and
stages listed below to fit the pattern of your life. Or, if you prefer,
you can leave them out entirely.
 1. Growth (ages 14 and under). This stage focuses
on physical growth. It is a time when you begin to
form ideas about your self-worth, and discover
your interests, talents and abilities.
 2. Exploration (ages 14 to 25). This is when you learn about the
types of work available, and what is required to be successful in
different careers. As you learn, you grow more committed to
certain choices and narrow down the options that you want to
pursue.

 Near the end of this stage you may have analyzed your career
options, taking into account your personal skills, talents and
interests, and your career expectations (salary, hours, benefits,
and opportunities for advancement, for instance.)
 However, at this point your future direction isn't
always clear. You may try a career and find that it
doesn't suit you. Or, you may work in the gig
economy, and explore several different types of
work. So, while your first experience of
exploration usually happens between the ages of
14 and 25, you'll likely return to this stage later in
your life as you rethink your choices.
 3. Establishment (ages 26 to 45). This life stage
starts as people settle into their chosen careers
and become productive members of society. It is
often characterized by increased responsibility
and personal satisfaction, but sometimes by
issues such as the mid-career slump and mid-life
crisis , too.
 4. Maintenance (ages 46 to 65). At this stage,
you're likely maintaining your existing career and
taking part in career development activities that
keep you up to date in your job. However, as
many jobs become less secure , this stage is less
common than it was when Super developed his
model.
 5. Disengagement (ages 65 and upward). Here,
you may choose to slow down and retire from
your career, if you are able to do so. Your
emphasis moves away from paid work and leaves
you with more time for other roles, such as
Leisurite, Homemaker and Citizen.
HOLLLAND’S CAREER MODEL
THEORY OF CAREER

 John Holland's Theory of Career Choice (RIASEC)

maintains that in choosing a career, people prefer
jobs where they can be around others who are like
them. They search for environments that will let
them use their skills and abilities, and express their
attitudes and values, while taking on enjoyable
problems and roles. Behavior is determined by an
interaction between personality and environment.
 Holland’s theory is centered on the notion that most people fit
into one of six personality types:
 Realistic
 Investigative
 Artistic
 Social
 Enterprising
 Conventional
REALISTIC

Description of interest Some key skills Some occupations Subjects you could
area with Realistic study to give you the
components skills
Likes to work mainly Using and operating Pilot, farmer, English, Maths,
with hands, making, tools, equipment and horticulturalist, builder, Science, Workshop,
fixing, assembling or machinery, designing, engineer, armed Technology,
building things, using building, repairing, services personnel, Computing, Business
and operating maintaining, working mechanic, upholsterer, Studies, Agriculture,
equipment, tools or manually, measuring, electrician, computer Horticulture, Physical
machines. Often likes working in detail, technologist, park Education
to work outdoors driving, moving, caring ranger, sportsperson
for animals, working
with plants
INVESTIGATIVE

Description of interest Some key skills Some occupations Subjects you could
area with Investigative study to give you the
components skills
Likes to discover and Thinking analytically Science, research, English, Math, Science,
research ideas, observe, and logically, medical and health Computing, Technology
investigate and computing, occupations, chemist,
experiment, ask communicating by marine scientist,
questions and solve writing and speaking, forestry technician,
problems designing, formulating, medical or agricultural
calculating, diagnosing, laboratory technician,
experimenting, zoologist, dentist,
investigating doctor
ARTISTIC

Description of interest Some key skills Some occupations Subjects you could
area with Artistic study to give you the
components skills
Likes to use words, art, Expressing artistically Artist, illustrator, English, Social Studies,
music or drama to or physically, speaking, photographer, Music, Drama, Art,
communicate, perform, writing, singing, signwriter, composer, Graphic Design,
or express themselves, performing, designing, singer, instrument Computing, Business
create and design presenting, planning, player, dancer, actor, Studies, Languages
things composing, playing, reporter, writer, editor,
dancing advertiser, hairdresser,
fashion designer
SOCIAL

Description of interest Some key skills Some occupations Subjects you could
area with Social study to give you the
components skills
Likes to work with Communicating orally Teacher, nurse, nurse English, Social Studies,
people to teach, train or in writing, caring and aide, counsellor, police Maths, Science, Health,
and inform, help, treat, supporting, training, officer, social worker, Physical Education, Art,
heal and cure, serve meeting, greeting, salesperson, customer Computing, Business
and greet, concerned assisting, teaching, service officer, waiter, Studies, Languages
for the wellbeing and informing, secretary
welfare of others interviewing, coaching
ENTERPRISING

Description of interest Some key skills Some occupations Subjects you could
area with Enterprising study to give you the
components skills
Likes meeting people, Selling, promoting and Salesperson, lawyer, English, Maths,
leading, talking to and persuading, developing politician, accountant, Business Studies,
influencing others, ideas, public speaking, business owner, Accounting,
encouraging others, managing, organising, executive or manager, Economics, Social
working in business leading and captaining, travel agent, music or Studies, Drama,
computing, planning sports promoter Computing, Text
Information
Management,
Languages
CONVENTIONAL

Description of interest Some key skills Some occupations Subjects you could
area with Conventional study to give you the
components skills
Likes working indoors Computing and Secretary, receptionist, English, Maths,
and at tasks that keyboarding, recording office worker, librarian, Business Studies,
involve organising and and keeping records, bank clerk, computer Accounting,
being accurate, paying attention to operator, stores and Economics, Computing,
following procedures, detail, meeting and dispatch clerk Text Information
working with data or greeting, doing Management
numbers, planning calculations, handling
work and events money, organising,
arranging, working
independently
 Holland asserts that people of the same personality type
working together in a job create an environment that fits
and rewards their type.

 Within this theory there are six basic types of work

environment, which correlate directly to the personality
types. Holland emphasizes that people who choose to work
in an environment similar to their personality type are more
likely to be successful and satisfied. This idea is important as
it shows Holland’s theory can be flexible, incorporating
combination types.
 Holland’s theory takes a problem-solving and
cognitive approach to career planning. His model
has been very influential in career counselling. It
has been employed through popular assessment
tools such as the Self-Directed Search, Vocational
Preference Inventory and the Strong Interest
Inventory.
 There is much research to support Holland’s
typology. However it is not without criticism, the
most common being the prevalence of females to
score in three personality types (artistic, social
and conventional). According to Holland this is
because society channels women into female-
dominated occupations.
TRAIT THEORY

 In this theory, the person’s skills, values, interests,

and personality characteristics are analyzed and
matched with job factors or an occupational
profile.
SOCIAL LEARNING AND CAREER DECISION
THEORY
 A person may exercise control over his or her
thoughts, beliefs, and actions.
 Self-efficacy a belief in one’s capabilities to plan,
organize and execute actions.
 Self-efficacy is tied to motivation.
 This based on the theory of Albert Bandura.
 Social learning is the basis of our career decisions and development.
 Four main factors that influence career choice:
 Genetic influences
 Environmental condition and events
 Learning experiences
 Skills
 This based on the idea that humans are always in constant change and
go through life learning and doing new things while changing roles in
the process
FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT ONE’S CHOICE
OF CAREER
 Skills and Abilities
 Personality and Interests
 Life Roles
 Family
 Gender
 Social and Economic Conditions
 Culture
 Childhood Dreams