Homeostasis
We run and run and run to stay in the same place
A Quick Note
Focus on understanding the 5 main concepts
Be able to use examples in a FR question
Be able to make sense of other situations
I.e.
Questions will be like the following: A
thermostat is used to keep houses
within a stable temperature. On a hot day the thermostat would most likely
A. Turn on air conditioning
B. Turn on the heater
C. Start a fire in the house
Not: What is the machine responsible for maintaining stable temperatures in
a house called
A. thermostat B. heater C. thingamajiggy
Homeostasis
Maintenance of
stable internal
conditions
When external
conditions change,
organisms react
1. Living things have systems to
maintain homeostasis
I.e. we maintain:
Blood concentrations
Temperature
Oxygen/CO2 levels
Nitrogenous waste levels
Heart rate/Breathing rate
Water levels
Etc.
2. Homeostatic Mechanisms
Show Common Ancestry
Related animals show similar control
mechanisms
3. Homeostatic Mechanisms
Show Divergent Evolution
Mechanisms change over time
Different groups evolve different solutions to
the same problem
I.e. we see both homologous
and analogous structures
4. Living Things Use Feedback Mechanisms
To Maintain Homeostasis
Negative Feedback Positive Feedback
Stimulus Stimulus
Response shuts off Response increases
stimulus stimulus
Bigger stimulus
Bigger response
Negative Feedback
More common
mechanism for
maintaining homeostasis
i.e. blood is acidic,
buffers neutralize it
Positive Feedback
Increases intensity
When a more intense reaction needed to get back
to homeostasis
E.g. birth
5. Disruptions to Homeostatic Mechanisms Lead
to Disease and Possibly Death
Homeostasis is
important
Group Presentations
Research one topic that I assign to your group
Focus on the 5 points – I have made specific suggestions for
each group
Know yours well so you could use it as an example on a FR
Create a brief presentation going over how your topic
exemplifies the 5 major points presented.
Write a practice question that focuses on understanding and
prediction, not memorization of terms, for the end of your
presentation
The Worst
Acidosis is an increased acidity in the blood and other body tissue (i.e. an
increased hydrogen ion concentration). If not further qualified, it usually refers to
acidity of the blood plasma.
Acidosis is said to occur when arterial pH falls below 7.35 (except in the fetus -
see below), while its counterpart (alkalosis) occurs at a pH over 7.45. Arterial
blood gas analysis and other tests are required to separate the main causes.
The term acidemia describes the state of low blood pH, while acidosis is used to
describe the processes leading to these states. Nevertheless, the terms are
sometimes used interchangeably. The distinction may be relevant where a patient
has factors causing both acidosis and alkalosis, wherein the relative severity of
both determines whether the result is a high or a low pH.
The rate of cellular metabolic activity affects and, at the same time, is affected by
the pH of the body fluids. In mammals, the normal pH of arterial blood lies
between 7.35 and 7.50 depending on the species (e.g. healthy human-arterial
blood pH varies between 7.35 and 7.45). Blood pH values compatible with life in
mammals are limited to a pH range between 6.8 and 7.8. Changes in the pH of
arterial blood (and therefore the extracellular fluid) outside this range result in
irreversible cell damage.[1]
Still Pretty Bad
Acidosis is the condition of
the blood becoming acidic.
When this occurs. This is
caused by a buildup of acid
which can be very bad for
cells and tissues.
The body uses buffers to fight
against acidosis. They
neutralize the pH and help
maintain stability in the body
Better
Acidosis – acid in
blood and tissues
Buffers – reduce
acid in blood
Bind H+