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CFD: Modeling and Discretization Methods

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) uses numerical methods and algorithms to solve and analyze problems involving fluid flows. Experimental investigation of fluid flows can be expensive, simplified, and difficult to extrapolate from, while theoretical calculations may only apply to simple cases. CFD offers advantages as it is cheaper, provides more complete information, and can handle complex problems as long as the mathematical model is adequate. CFD works by discretizing the governing differential equations describing transfer processes into algebraic equations through techniques like the finite difference method. These algebraic equations are then solved numerically to obtain the temperature, velocity, and other field variables at discrete points in space and time.

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16 views20 pages

CFD: Modeling and Discretization Methods

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) uses numerical methods and algorithms to solve and analyze problems involving fluid flows. Experimental investigation of fluid flows can be expensive, simplified, and difficult to extrapolate from, while theoretical calculations may only apply to simple cases. CFD offers advantages as it is cheaper, provides more complete information, and can handle complex problems as long as the mathematical model is adequate. CFD works by discretizing the governing differential equations describing transfer processes into algebraic equations through techniques like the finite difference method. These algebraic equations are then solved numerically to obtain the temperature, velocity, and other field variables at discrete points in space and time.

Uploaded by

vijayps.mech
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CFD

CFD
Computational
Computational
Fluid
Fluid Dynamics
Dynamics
(with
(with heat
heat and
and mass
mass
transfer)
transfer)

MECH3950
Methods
Methods ofof
prediction
prediction
 Experimental investigation:
 full scale
 expensive and often impossible
 measurement errors
 on a small scale model
 simplified
 difficult to extrapolate results
 measurement errors
 Theoretical calculation:
 analytical solutions
 exist only for a few cases
 sometimes complex
 numerical solutions
 for almost any problem
Modeling
Modeling vs.
vs.
experimentation
experimentation
 Advantages of modeling:
 cheaper
 more complete information
 can handle any degree of
complexity as long as…

 Disadvantages of modeling:
 deals with a mathematical
description not with reality
 mathematical description can
be inadequate
 multiple solutions can exist

… and the winner is…


Mathematical
Mathematical description
description
of
of transfer
transfer processes
processes
Conservation principle leads to
a general differential equation:
Nature
Nature of
of
coordinates
coordinates

 with respect to xj :
1D, 2D, 3D
 with respect to t :
 steady
 unsteady
(transient, time dependent)

 one-way coordinates =>


parabolic problem
 two-way coordinates =>
elliptic problem
Discretization
Discretization
methods
methods
 analytical solution gives a
function (continuous)
 numerical solution gives a
set of numbers (discrete)

x
Example:
Example: steady
steady
1D
1D heat
heat conduction
conduction

x
Integration
Integration

x)w x)e

w e x
W P E

x
Discretization
Discretization

T TE
Tp

Tw

w e
x
W P E
Discretization
Discretization
equation
equation

conductances

heat generation
Boundary
Boundary
conditions
conditions

1. Given boundary temperature


simple

2. Given boundary heat flux


a) as a constant
b) specified via a
heat transfer coefficient and
the temperature of the
surrounding fluid
Boundary
Boundary
conditions
conditions

B i
I W P E

x)i

S
qB i qi
B I

x
Boundary
Boundary
conditions
conditions

x)i

S
qB i qi
B I

x
Boundary
Boundary
conditions
conditions
 if qB specified as a constant
then:
Boundary
Boundary
conditions
conditions
 if qB specified via a
heat transfer h coefficient
and the temperature of the
surrounding fluid Tf :
Solution
Solution of
of the
the linear
linear
algebraic
algebraic equations
equations
 Possibilities
 Iteration
 Gaussian elimination
 Tri-Diagonal-Matrix-Algorithm
TDMA

W P E

1 i-1 i i+1 N

change of notation
TDMA
TDMA

W P E

1 i-1 i i+1 N

what happens when


a boundary temperature is given ?
TDMA
TDMA
W P E

1 i-1 i i+1 N
TDMA
TDMA
W P E

1 i-1 i i+1 N
TDMA
TDMA algorithm
algorithm
 Calculate:
P1=b1/a1 and Q1=d1/a1

 Use recurrence relations to get


Pi and Qi for i=2,3…N.

 Set TN =QN

 Use recurrence relations to get


Ti =Pi Ti+1 +Qi for i=N-1, N-2…3, 2, 1
to obtain
TN-1, TN-2, …T3, T2, T1.

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