Synchronous Machines
Introduction
Synchronous Machine can act as a Generator as well as Motor.
Synchronous Machine Working as a Generator is called as Alternator.
Converts Mechanical Energy into Electrical Energy.
Synchronous Motor
Converts Electrical Energy into Mechanical Energy.
Construction of a Synchronous Machine
Synchronous Machine Basically consists of 2 Main Parts i.e.
Stator
Rotor
Salient Type Rotor
Cylindrical Type Rotor.
Salient Type Rotor Cylindrical Type Rotor
Stator of Synchronous Machine
Stator is a hollow Cylindrical
Structure having slots in its
Periphery to accommodate
conductors. It forms the outer frame.
Its made of Silicon Steel.
Its laminated to reduce eddy current
loss as a 3 phase supply will be
given to it.
They use open type of slots because
of its ease to place or remove
windings.
Stator/Armature Winding
Stator winding or armature winding
are placed in the slots provided in the
periphery of the stator.
This winding are arranged in such a
way that it satisfies the conditions for
producing Rotating Magnetic Field
i.e
120 space displacement.
and supplied with 120 phase
displaced currents.
Thus Rotating magnetic Field will be
produced if 3 phase supply is given.
Rotor of Synchronous Machine
The Rotor of the Synchronous Machine is supplied with DC supply through slip rings and
brushes to produce poles.
Since Ac Supply is given to stator(in case of motor) and Dc Supply is given to Rotor,
This Machine is also called Doubly Excited Machine.
There are two types of Rotor
Salient Pole Rotor
Cylindrical Type Rotor
Salient Type Rotor Cylindrical Type Rotor
Salient Pole Rotor
Salient Pole Machines are used in Slow and
Moderate Speed Alternator because it cannot with
stand high centrifugal forces. Therefore it is called
Low Speed Alternators.
Speed Range: 50rpm -1000 rpm
Indian Frequency : 50 Hz
Poles : 6 -120 Poles
It has large diameter(D) and small axial length(L)
(D = 5L Approx.)
Preferred in Hydro and Diesel Power Plant.
These are also called as Hydro Alternators.
Working : Salient Pole Synchronous Machine
Salient Pole Synchronous Machine
Rotating Magnetic Field Generated in Stator
Rotates with Synchronous Speed (Ns)
The Poles in the stator will be rotating
in synchronous speed.
When a DC supply is given Poles are
generated in Rotor.
Magnetic Locking Between Rotor Magnetic
Field and Stator Magnetic Field
Rotor Poles are locked with stator Poles.
Due to this locking the rotor rotates with the same speed as that of stator magnetic Field
i.e. Synchronous Speed(Ns).
Cylindrical Pole Rotor
Cylindrical Pole Machines are used in High Speed Alternator.
Due to high speed it is subjected to high mechanical stresses.
Therefore they are made of Chromium Nickel Steel or Special
Chrome-Nickel-Molybdenum Steel.
These Machines are also called High Speed Alternators.
2/3 of Rotor Periphery is slotted for placement of Field
Winding.
1/3 of Rotor Periphery is un-slotted for formation of Poles.
Speed Range: 1500rpm -3000 rpm
Indian Frequency : 50 Hz
Poles : 2 - 4 Poles
It has small diameter(D) and large axial length(L)
(L = 5D Approx.)
Preferred in Thermal and Nuclear Power Plant.
This is also called Turbo Alternator.
Cylindrical Rotor
Application of Alternator
Electric generators : Most power generation stations use synchronous machines as their
generators
Automotive alternators : Alternators are used in modern automobiles to charge
the battery and to power the electrical system when its engine is running.
Application of Synchronous Motor
Synchronous motors are used for applications where constant speed is required.
robot actuators, Ball mills(Grinding ores machine), clocks, record player turntables.