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Stages of Cognitive Development Explained

Cognitive development refers to how people perceive, think, and understand the world. Jean Piaget identified four stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor (birth to 2 years), preoperational (ages 2 to 7), concrete operational (ages 7 to 11), and formal operational (age 12 and up). During the sensorimotor stage, infants learn through their senses and actions. In the preoperational stage, children use symbols and language to represent the world. During the concrete operational stage, children begin logical thought about concrete ideas. In the formal operational stage, adolescents can think abstractly and hypothetically.

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39 views10 pages

Stages of Cognitive Development Explained

Cognitive development refers to how people perceive, think, and understand the world. Jean Piaget identified four stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor (birth to 2 years), preoperational (ages 2 to 7), concrete operational (ages 7 to 11), and formal operational (age 12 and up). During the sensorimotor stage, infants learn through their senses and actions. In the preoperational stage, children use symbols and language to represent the world. During the concrete operational stage, children begin logical thought about concrete ideas. In the formal operational stage, adolescents can think abstractly and hypothetically.

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COGNITIVE AND

LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
Names: Judyne Morris
Kadian Gordon
Natalie Cole
COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT
WHAT IS COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT?
• Cognitive development refers to how a person perceives, thinks, and
gains understanding of his or her world through the interaction of
genetic and learned factors. Among the areas of cognitive development
are information processing intelligence, reasoning, language
development, and memory.
One theories that talks about cognitive development is Jean Piaget's. He
stated that cognitive development suggests that intelligence changes
as children grow. A child's cognitive development is not just about
acquiring knowledge, the child has to develop or construct a mental
model of the world.
PIAGET HAS FOUR STAGES OF COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT:

1)Sensorimotor stage: birth to 18-24 months


2)Preoperational stage: 2 to 7 years
3)Concrete operational stage: 7 to 11 years
4)Formal operational stage: ages 12 and up
 
SENSORIMOTOR STAGE:

 The infant learns about the world through their senses and through their actions (moving
around and exploring its environment).
 During the sensorimotor stage a range of cognitive abilities develop. These include:
object permanence; self-recognition; deferred imitation; and representational play.
 They relate to the emergence of the general symbolic function, which is the capacity to
represent the world mentally
 At about 8 months the infant will understand the permanence of objects and that they
will still exist even if they can’t see them and the infant will search for them when they
disappear.
PREOPERATIONAL STAGE:

 Toddlers and young children acquire the ability to internally represent the world through
language and mental imagery.
 During this stage, young children can think about things symbolically. This is the ability to
make one thing, such as a word or an object, stand for something other than itself.
 A child’s thinking is dominated by how the world looks, not how the world is. It is not yet
capable of logical (problem solving) type of thought.
 Infants at this stage also demonstrate animism. This is the tendency for the child to think
that non-living objects (such as toys) have life and feelings like a person’s.
CONCRETE STAGE:

 During this stage, children begin to thinking logically about concrete events.
 Children begin to understand the concept of conservation; understanding that, although
things may change in appearance, certain properties remain the same.
 During this stage, children can mentally reverse things (e.g. picture a ball of plasticine
returning to its original shape).
 During this stage, children also become less egocentric and begin to think about how other
people might think and feel.
FORMAL STAGE:

 Concrete operations are carried out on things whereas formal operations are carried out on
ideas. Formal operational thought is entirely freed from physical and perceptual constraints.
 During this stage, adolescents can deal with abstract ideas (e.g. no longer needing to think
about slicing up cakes or sharing sweets to understand division and fractions).
 They can follow the form of an argument without having to think in terms of specific
examples.
 Adolescents can deal with hypothetical problems with many possible solutions. E.g. if
asked ‘What would happen if money were abolished in one hour’s time? they could
speculate about many possible consequences.
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

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