Mathematical Modeling

Prepared by: Greg Recto Cayabyab

 Mathematical Steps of
Investigation
Prepared by: Greg Recto B. Cayabyab
 Mathematical Modeling

Mathematical modeling is the art of translating

problems from an application area into tractable
mathematical formulations whose theoretical and
numerical analysis provides insight, answers, and
guidance useful for the originating application.
 Why mathematical modeling?
Mathematical modeling
• is indispensable in many applications
• is successful in many further applications
• gives precision and direction for problem solution
• enables a thorough understanding of the system modeled
• prepares the way for better design or control of a system
• allows the efficient use of modern computing capabilities
Learning about mathematical modeling is an important step from a
theoretical mathematical training to an application-oriented
mathematical expertise, and makes the student fit for mastering the
challenges of our modern technological culture.
Modeling Diagrams
 Problem Statement
• Interpretation of Problem
• Analysis of Problem
• Gathering of Data
• Understanding Data
• Probable Cause
 Theory
• Discussion of Background of the
formula
• Discussion of the Persons involve
• Discussion of the chronological
Progress of the mathematical
concepts
 Numerical Methods
• Mathematical Approach
• Mathematical Concepts
• Mathematical Analysis
• Mathematical Calculation
 Programs
• Description
• Analysis
• Results
• Validation
• Visualization
• Limitations
• Recommendations
 Report
• Assessment of Students Output
• Assessment of Students Comprehension
• Assessment of Students Quality of Work
• Assessment of Students pacing of understanding
• Assessment of flow of the lesson
• Assessment of pros and cons
 Mathematical Model
 Concepts/Variables
 Relations
 Restrictions
 Goals
 Priorities/Quality assignments
 Conflicts
Most modeling situations involve a number of tensions between
conflicting requirements that cannot be reconciled easily.
• fast - slow
• cheap - expensive
• short term - long term
• simplicity - complexity
• low quality - high quality
• approximate - accurate
• superficial - in depth
• sketchy - comprehensive
• concise - detailed
 Type of Graphs
1. Line graph
Line graphs illustrate how related data changes over a
specific period of time. One axis might display a value,
while the other axis shows the timeline. Line graphs are
useful for illustrating trends such as temperature
changes during certain dates.
 Type of Graphs
1. Line graph
 Type of Graphs
2. Bar graph
Bar graphs offer a simple way to compare numeric values of
any kind, including inventories, group sizes and financial
predictions. Bar graphs can be either horizontal or vertical.
One axis represents the categories, while the other
represents the value of each category. The height or length of
each bar relates directly to its value. Marketing companies
often use bar graphs to display ratings and survey responses.
 Type of Graphs
2. Bar graph
 Type of Graphs
3 . Pictograph
A pictograph uses pictures or symbols to display data instead of
bars. Each picture represents a certain number of items.
Pictographs can be useful when you want to display data in a highly
visual presentation such as an infographic. For example, you could
use a picture of a book to display how many books a store sold over
a period of a few months.
 Type of Graphs
3 . Pictograph
 Type of Graphs
4. Histogram
A histogram is another type of bar graph that illustrates the
distribution of numeric data across categories. People often use
histograms to illustrate statistics. For example, a histogram might
display how many people belong to a certain age range within a
population. The height or length of each bar in the histogram
shows how many people are in each category.
 Type of Graphs
4. Histogram
 Type of Graphs
5. Area graph
Area graphs show a change in one or more quantities over a certain
period of time. They often help when displaying trends and
patterns. Similar to a line graph, area graphs use dots connected by
a line. However, an area graph involves coloring between the line
and the horizontal axis. You can use several lines and colors
between each one to show how multiple quantities add up to a
whole. For example, a retailer might use this method to display the
profits of different stores over the same timeframe.
 Type of Graphs
5. Area graph
 Type of Graphs
6. Scatter plot
Scatter plots use dots to depict the relationship between two
different variables. Someone might use a scatter plot graph to show
the relationship between a person’s height and weight, for example.
The process involves plotting one variable along the horizontal axis
and the other variable along the vertical axis. The resulting scatter
plot demonstrates how much one variable affects the other. If there
is no correlation, the dots appear in random places on the graph. If
there is a strong correlation, the dots are close together and form a
line through the graph.
 Type of Graphs
6. Scatter plot
 Type of Charts
1. Flowchart
Flowcharts help organize the steps, decisions or actions in a
process from beginning to end. They often include more than
one starting point or endpoint, displaying different paths you
can take in a process to get from start to finish. People often use
flowcharts to depict complex situations. They use special shapes
to illustrate different parts of the process, and they typically
include a legend to explain what each shape means.
 Type of Charts
1. Flowchart
 Type of Charts
2. Pie chart
A pie chart presents the different parts of a whole. It looks like a
circle divided into many pieces, much like a pie cut into slices.
The pieces are different sizes based on how much of the whole
they represent. Each piece usually has a label to represent its
value compared to the whole. Professionals can use pie charts in
business presentations to demonstrate population segments,
market research responses and budget allocations.
 Type of Charts
2. Pie chart
 Type of Charts
3. Gantt chart
Gantt charts illustrate project schedules. The horizontal axis
represents the timeframe for the project in days, weeks, months
or years. The chart displays each project task as a bar on the
vertical axis. The length of the bar depends on the start and end
date of the task, but sometimes there is also a vertical line for
the current date. Project managers use Gantt charts to monitor
the progress and completion status of each task.
 Type of Charts
3. Gantt chart
 Type of Charts
4. Waterfall chart
Waterfall charts reflect variance over time. They demonstrate both
the positive and negative impact of different factors on an initial
value, such as an opening balance. Waterfall charts are helpful
when illustrating financial statements, analyzing profit and loss and
comparing earnings. You might use this chart to highlight the
budget versus the amount spent. Positive and negative values
usually follow a color code to show how the value increases or
decreases due to a series of changes over time.
 Type of Charts
4. Waterfall chart
 Type of Charts
5. Gauge chart
Gauge charts display data as a reading on a dial. They
show where a specific data point is within a minimum or
maximum range. A needle depicts the value within a
scale. Many people use gauge charts to illustrate speed,
revenue goals and temperatures.
 Type of Charts
5. Gauge chart
 Type of Charts
6. Funnel chart
Funnel charts illustrate how values progress through different
stages. They are widest at the top and narrowest at the bottom.
Funnel charts are especially helpful when tracking a sales process.
They also work well to depict website traffic, including the number
of visitors to a site, the pages viewed and downloads made. Order
fulfillment is another common use for funnel charts, as they can
easily show the “number of orders placed, canceled and delivered.
 Type of Charts
6. Funnel chart
 Type of Charts
7. Bullet chart
A bullet chart can help you measure the performance of a specific goal or
target. Some bullet charts, such as those that demonstrate profits, have
high targets. Others have low targets, including those that display
expenses. People often use bullet charts in dashboards to illustrate the
progress of key performance indicators (KPIs). A bullet chart is similar to a
bar graph and consists of three parts:
• A line showing the target value
• A center bar showing the actual value
• Colored bars showing performance indicators
 Type of Charts
7. Bullet chart