SINUSITIS
Presented by
Abhinay Sharma Bhugoo
Ml-410
Sinusitis
Sinusitis
What are sinuses?
• The sinuses are cavities, or air-filled pockets,
near the nasal passage. Like the nasal passage,
the sinuses are lined with mucous
membranes. There are four different types of
sinuses:
four different types of sinuses:
ethmoid sinuses –thin-walled air cavities in the lateral
masses of ethmoid bone (3-18). This sinus is present at
birth, and continues to grow. Clinically divided in anterior
(middle meatus)and posterior ethmoid group(superior
meatus)
maxillary sinus(Antrum of Highmori)- located in body of
os maxilla. This sinus is also present at birth, and
continues to grow.
frontal sinus – located between the inner and outer
tables of frontal bone. This sinus does not develop until
around 7 years of age.
sphenoid sinus – occupies body of sphenoid bone. This
sinus does not develop until adolescence
What is sinusitis?
Sinusitis is an infection of the sinuses
near the nose. These infections
usually occur after a cold or after an
allergic inflammation.
There are four types of sinusitis:
• acute - symptoms of this type of infection last less
than four weeks and get better with the appropriate
treatment.
• subacute - this type of infection does not get better
with treatment initially, and symptoms last four to
eight weeks.
• chronic - this type of infection happens with
repeated acute infections or with previous infections
that were inadequately treated. These symptoms last
eight weeks or longer.
• recurrent - three or more episodes of acute sinusitis
a year.
What causes sinusitis?
• URI • diving and swimming
• ALLERGIES • infections from a tooth
• bacteria such as • trauma to the nose
Streptococcus pneumonia • foreign objects stuck in the
Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
nose
• cleft palate
• abnormalities in the • gastroesophageal reflux
structure of the nose disease (GERD)
• enlarged adenoids • secondhand smoke
Pathophysiology
• Due to etiological factors
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• secretions from the sinuses is blocked
▼
• inflammation / swelling and increased production of
mucus
▼
• Fullness, purulent material fills the sinus, pain {head}
or sinusitis
What are the symptoms of sinusitis?
younger children:
• runny nose
– lasts longer than seven to 10 days
– discharge is usually thick green or yellow, but can be
clear
• nighttime cough
• occasional daytime cough
• swelling around the eyes
• usually no headaches younger than 5 years of
age
older children and adults:
• runny nose or cold symptoms lasting longer than
seven to 10 days
• drip in the throat from the nose
• headaches
• facial discomfort
• bad breath
• cough
• fever
• sore throat
• swelling around the eye, often worse in the morning
How is sinusitis diagnosed?
• sinus x-rays
• computed tomography (Also called CT or
CAT scan.)
• cultures from the sinuses
Treatment for sinusitis:
• antibiotics, as determined by your child's physician
(antibiotics are usually given for at least 14 days)
• acetaminophen (for pain or discomfort)
• a decongestant (i.e., pseudoephedrine [Sudafed®])
and/or mucus thinner (i.e., guaifenesin [Robitussin®])
• cool humidifier in your child's room
• nasal spray to reduce inflammation
• medications to treat GERD
surgery
• Surgery should be considered only if other
treatments have failed.
• endoscopic sinus surgery
Thank you