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Air Standard Cycle & Diesel Cycle Overview

The document discusses air standard cycles and provides details about the diesel cycle. It outlines the assumptions of air standard cycles including treating air as an ideal gas and using heat reservoirs. It then describes the diesel cycle process involving isentropic compression, constant pressure heat addition, isentropic expansion, and constant volume heat rejection. Expressions for the thermal efficiency of the diesel cycle are derived based on these processes. Key differences between the Otto and diesel cycles are also highlighted such as the diesel cycle typically operating at higher compression ratios and only drawing in air rather than an air-fuel mixture.

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Nitesh Mondal
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27 views10 pages

Air Standard Cycle & Diesel Cycle Overview

The document discusses air standard cycles and provides details about the diesel cycle. It outlines the assumptions of air standard cycles including treating air as an ideal gas and using heat reservoirs. It then describes the diesel cycle process involving isentropic compression, constant pressure heat addition, isentropic expansion, and constant volume heat rejection. Expressions for the thermal efficiency of the diesel cycle are derived based on these processes. Key differences between the Otto and diesel cycles are also highlighted such as the diesel cycle typically operating at higher compression ratios and only drawing in air rather than an air-fuel mixture.

Uploaded by

Nitesh Mondal
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Lecture on

Air Standard Cycle


Diesel Cycle

Dr. Nitesh Mondal


Air Standard Cycle

Assumptions of Air Standard Cycle:


Internal combustion engines in which the combustion of fuel occurs in
the engine cylinder itself are non-cyclic heat engine. To simplify the
analysis of I.C engine, air standard cycles are conceived. In Air
standard cycle with the help of certain mass of air the
thermodynamics cycle is completed. Some assumptions of the air
standard cycle are:
1. Heat is added and rejected with external heat reservoirs.
[Link] is considered as ideal gas.
3. All the processes in the power cycles are reversible.
[Link] air acts as a ideal gas and specific heats are constant throughout
the process.
[Link] exhaust process is modeled by a heat-rejection process that
restores the working fluid (air) at its initial state.
Air Standard Cycle

Engine Terminology:
Top dead center (TDC): The position of the piston when
the minimum volume is obtained in the cylinder.
Bottom dead center (BDC): The position of the piston
when maximum volume obtain in the cylinder.
Stroke: The largest distance that piston travels in one
direction. Generally the distance between the TDC and
BDC. Some times the length between BDC and TDC is
known as Swept length.
Bore: The diameter of the piston is known as bore.
Intake Valve: The air fuel mixture drown into the
cylinder.
Exhaust Valve: The combustion products come out from Mean effective pressure (MEP):
the valve. A fictitious pressure that if acted
Clearance Volume: The minimum volume form when on the piston will produce the
the piston at TDC. work and it is constant throughout
Displacement Volume: The volume of the cylinder the cycle.
between BDC and TDC
Compression Ratio: Ratio of maximum volume to
minimum volume.
Air Standard Cycle

Internal Combustion Engines

Spark Ignition Engines Compression Ignition Engine

Air-fuel mixture is ignited by a spark plug

Air is compressed in a high pressure and


temperature that combustion occurs when the
fuel is injected
Otto cycle is the spark-ignition
reciprocating engines

The Diesel cycle is the compression ignition


engines.
Air Standard Cycle
Diesel Cycle

1-2 : Isentropic (Adiabatic and Reversible)compression of the fluid


2-3 : Reversible constant pressure heating or heat addition
3-4 : Isentropic (Adiabatic and Reversible) expansion
4-1 : Reversible constant volume cooling or heat rejection
Air Standard Cycle
 

Heat supplied at constant pressure =Qin=mCp(T3−T2)


Heat rejected at constant volume =Qout=mCv(T4−T1)

Work done(Wnet) = Heat supplied – Heat rejected= Cp(T3−T2)−Cv(T4−T1)

==
=

During the Isentropic compression 1-2,


T2/T1 =or

During constant pressure process 2-3,


T3/T2 =
T3=T2=

We also define the cutoff ratio rc, as the ratio of cylinder volumes after
and before the combustion process (ignition period):
Air Standard Cycle

 During adiabatic expansion 3-4


=  (  𝑟 ¿
Since 𝑟𝑐

 
The thermal efficiency of the Diesel engine under the
cold air standard assumptions becomes:

 Note:

=1 for Otto cycle


Air Standard Cycle

Comparison of the Otto and the Diesel Cycle

1. ηOtto > ηDiesel for the same compression ratio.

2. Diesel engines burn the fuel more completely since they usually
operate at lower rpm and air-fuel ratio is much higher than spark
ignition engines.

3. Diesel engines compression ratios are typically between 15 and


25, whereas spark-ignition (SI) or Otto engines are between 7 and
10.

4. A Otto engine draws a mixture of petrol and air during suction


stroke, A Diesel engine draws only air during suction stroke.

5. The maintenance cost off Otto cylce is less than the Diesel
cycle.
Assignment-1

1. What are the assumption of Air Standard Cycle.

2. Derive the expression of thermal efficiency of Otto Cycle.

3. What are the differences between Otto cycle and Diesel Cycle.

4. Derive the expression of thermal efficiency of Diesel Cycle.


Thank You

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