K.s.
k academy
activity topic: basic computer
organization.
class: 11 R.
submitted to: Mr. kirti sir.
Submitted by: Honey singh. .
Introduction:
what is basic computer organisation ?
What is input and output device ?
Central processing unit – Comprises three parts.
what is Hardware and software?
Memory unit consists of Main (primary) memoryand Secondary
memory.
What is hard disk?
Types of hard disk?
Types of software ?
What is the evolution of computer ?
what is troubleshooting computer operation?
what is basic computer organization ?
Basic computer organization attributes
include those hardware details transparent
to the programmer, such as control signals,
interfaces between the computer and
peripherals, and the memory technology
used.
As an example, it is an architectural design
issue whether a computer will have a
multiply instruction
What is input and
output device ? Input Unit: A device
through which data and
programs from the outside
world enter the computer
system.
Output unit : A device
through which results stored
in the computer memory are
made available outside the
computer system.
Central processing unit –
Comprises three parts
• Central processing unit – Comprises three parts
• 1. Arithmetic/Logic Unit : It Performs basic arithmetic
operations such as addition and subtraction Performs logical
operations such as AND, OR, and NOT. Most modern
ALUs have a small amount of special storage units called
registers that can be accessed faster than main memory.
• 2. Control unit : It organizes the computer to work
computer as single unit & generates control signals for
various devices regarding read/write or execute operation
• 3. Memory registers: A register is a temporary unit of
memory in the CPU.
What is Hardware and software?
• The computer is the combination of hardware
and software.
• Hardware are the physical components of a
computer like motherboard, memory devices,
monitor, keyboard etc.
• Software is the set of programs or
instructions.
Memory unit consists of Main
(primary) memory
and Secondary memory.
Primary memory Secondary memory
• Primary memory is • Secondary memory is
computer memory that is needed to store data and
accessed directly by the information
CPU. This includes several permanently for later
types of memory, such as use some of the
the processor cache system examples of secondary
RAM and ROM . storage devices are hard
• {Random Access Memory} disk, compact disks, pen
• {Read only memory} drives etc.
What is hard disk?
HARD DISK
A hard disk is a non-
volatile high capacity
storage device that
stores data on an
electromagnetically
charged surface or set
of surfaces.
Types of hard disk?
• Hard Drive Types:
• 1. Serial ATA – Serial Advanced
Technology Attachment (SATA).
• 2. Small Computer System Interface
(SCSI).
• 3. Solid State Drives (SSD) – Uses flash
memory
Types of software :
• Operating system: Harnesses communication between
hardware, system programs, and other applications.
• Device driver: Enables device communication with
the OS and other programs.
• Firmware: Enables device control and identification.
• Translator: Translates high-level languages to low-
level machine codes.
• Utility: Ensures optimum functionality of devices and
applications.
What is the evolution of computer ?
• The history of computing is longer than
the history of computing hardware and
modern computing technology and
includes the history of methods intended
for pen and paper or for chalk and slate,
with or without the aid of tables.
• Troubleshooting is the process
what is troubleshooting or identifying and fixing
computer operation?
problems.
• Computer trouble
shooting may involve hardware
or software and can sometimes
involve both at the same time.
• The basic process
of troubleshooting is to check
the most general possible
problems first, and then
gradually check for more
specific problems.