BLUETOOTH

By:-[Link] RAJ
 What is Bluetooth?
A unique new wireless
technology specifically for:
 Short range
— Up to 30 meters typically
 Modest performance
(721Kbps)
 Dynamic configurability
— i.e. ad hoc
networking/roaming
 Low power
— Well suited to handheld
applications
 Support for both voice and
data

And an EXPLOSIVE growth market!!!

 What is Bluetooth Good For?
 No Wires!
— In the home
— On the move

 Personal Area Networking (PAN)

— Enabling a collection of YOUR personal devices to
cooperatively work together

 Locality sensitive services (i.e. roaming)

— Visibility and access to additional resources, but only
when they are within range and useful to you
 Bluetooth in the Home
Digital Camera No Wires
Computer

Scanner

Inkjet
Printer
xDSL
Access Point

Home Audio System PDA Cordless Phone

Cell Phone Base Station
MP3
Player
 And On the Road
Car Audio System

PDA
Cell Phone

Headset
Pay Phone
& Access Point

MP3
Player
Hotel Phone
Laptop & Access Point
Bluetooth in Computer Products
Computer devices Computer applications
 Laptop computers  Peripheral connectivity
— Printers
 PDAs/HPCs — Scanners
— Video projectors
 Desktop PCs
 Network access
 Broadband access points — Broadband access points
— Ethernet/xDSL/cable — Packet radio cellular phones

 Printers  File synchronization

— Calendars
 Scanners — Contact management

 Video projectors  File transfer

— VCards
 Web tablets — MP3
— Digital pictures
Bluetooth in Telephone and
Consumer Products
Telephone devices Telephone applications
 Cellular handsets  Hands free use
 Wireless headsets  File synchronization
— Calendars
 PSTN access points — Contact management
— Payphones
— Hotel/home phones  Land line I/F for voice and data

Consumer devices Consumer applications

 Set-top boxes  File transfer
— MP3
 Digital cameras — Digital pictures
 MP3 audio players  Peripheral connectivity
— Keyboard/mouse/remote
 Home audio systems — Printer
 ORIGIN OF BLUETOOTH

1994, ERICSSON MOBILE COMMUNICATION, THE GLOBAL

TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANY BASED IN SWEDEN,
INITIATED A STUDY TO INVESTIGATE A LOW POWER,
LOW COST RADIO INTERFACE TECHNOLOGY.

AIM :-
TO ELIMINATE CABLE BETWEEN MOBILE PHONE & PC
CARDS, HEADSETS, DESKTOPS & OTHER DEVICES.
ATTENTION OF OTHER COMPANIES

GROUP:-
- SPECIAL INTEREST GROUP(SIG) IN MAY 1998.
- BLUETOOTH 1.0, RELEASED IN JULY 1999
BLUETOOTH SYSTEM BLOCKS
VALUE PROPOSITION OF BLUETOOTH

CABLE REPLACEMENT

Ad hoc NETWORKING

INTERNET ACCESS

SYNCHRONIZATION
 How Does Bluetooth Work?
Operational States

D Master
F N
M
Active Slave
Parked Slave*
P
Standby*
O
* Low power state
J
I Q
C
 In the Beginning
 Initially Bluetooth devices only know about themselves
— Everyone passively monitors in Standby mode
— No devices are synchronized
D
F N
H
G M

A P
B
O
E
K
J L
I Q
C
 Inquiry
Discovering Who’s Out There
 Inquiry discovers what other devices are within range
Note that a device can
be “Undiscoverable”
D
F N
H
G M

A P
B
O
E
K
J L
I Q
C
10 meters
 Paging
Creating a Piconet
 Paging creates a Master/Slave link called a Piconet

D
F N
H
G M

A B P
O
E
K
J L
I Q
C
10 meters
 Expanding a Piconet (1)
 Successive Pages can attach up to 7 Active Slaves to a Piconet at one time

D
F H N
G M

A B P
O
E K
J L
I Q
C
10 meters
 Parking
 To save power and/or to connect to even more devices
Active Slaves can be Parked (up to 256 total!)

D F H N
G M

A B P
O
E K
J L
I Q
C
10 meters
 Expanding a Piconet (2)
 Masters can then attach additional Active Slaves using
Active Member Addresses freed up through Parking

D F H N
G M

A B P
O
E K
J L
I Q
C
10 meters
 Scatternets
 Bluetooth devices can participate in multiple Piconets
simultaneously creating a topologies called Scatternets

D
F H
G M N

A
B
O P
E K
J L
I
C Q
 Advanced Scatternets
 Scatternets can evolve into extremely complex structures
creating a rich fabric of many, many, devices

D
F H N
G M

A P
B
O
E K
J L
I Q
C
 MODES

ACTIVE MODE- ACTIVELY PARTICIPATES ON THE CHANNEL.

SNIFF MODE- MASTER CAN ONLY START TRANSMISSION IN

SPECIFIED TIME.

HOLD MODE- SLAVE CAN DO OTHER THINGS, LIKE SCANNING,

PAGING, INQUIRY, OR ATTENDING OTHER
PICONET.

PARK MODE-- SLAVE DOSE NOT WANT TO PARTICIPATE IN THE

PICONET BUT STILL WANT TO SYNCHRONIZED
TO THE CHANNEL
 CONNECTION ESTABLISHEMENT & INQUIRY

CONNECTION TO THE DESIRED DEVICE IS MADE BY PAGE.

INQUIRY MESSAGE BEFORE PAGING IF RECIPIENT MESSAGE

IS UNKNOWN.

BEFORE CONNECTION MADE DEVICES ARE IN STANDBY MODE.

PAGE / INQUIRY MESSAGE AFTER EVERY 1.28sec TO LISTEN.

32 DIFFERENT HOP FREQUENCY AFTER EVERY WAKEUP TIME.

WHEN PAGING, MASTER MUST KNOW THE SLAVE ADDRESS.

IN CONNECTION STATUS, DEVICE MAY BE IN DIFFERENT MODE.

 BLUETOOTH ADVANTAGES

WE ALL NEED AN ECONOMICAL WIRELESS SOLUTION THAT IS :--

CONVENIENT
RELIABLE
EASY TO USE
NO LINE OF SIGHT PROBLEM LIKE INFRARED
PLUG AND PLAY TYPE
ALWAYS ON , RUNNING IN THE BACKGROUND
WHAT CAN YOU DO WITH BLUETOOTH ?

PRESENTATION
CARD SCANNING
SYNCHRONISING DATA
REMOTE SYNCHRONIZATION
PRINTING
IN-CAR SYSTEM
COMMUNICATION PLATFORMS
ELECTRONICS BOOKS
TRAVEL
HOME ENTERTAINMENT
PAYMENT SYSTEMS
SCANNERS
MOBILE E-COMMERCE
 PHYSICAL LINKS

BLUETOOTH WIRELESS DEVICES MAKE USE OF BOTH

CONNECTION ORIENTED & CONNECTIONLESS
ORIENTED & CONNECTIONLESS LINKS.

ASYNCHRONOUS CONNECTIONLESS LINK (ACL)

SYNCHRONOUS CONNECTION ORIENTED (SCO)

 ASYNCHRONOUS CONNECTIONLESS
LINK (ACL)

 SUPPORT DATA TRAFFIC ONA BEST EFFORT BASIC.

 THE INFORMATION CAN BE USER DATA OR CONTROL DATA.
 SUPPORT PACKET SWITCHED, POINT TO MULTIPOINT
CONNECTION, WHICH ARE USED FOR DATA.
 MAAXIMUM DATA RATE IS 433.2Kbps IN BOTH DIRECTION.
 723.2Kbps IN ONE DIRECTION.
SYNCHRONOUS CONNECTION
ORIENTED (SCO)

 SUPPORT REAL TIME VOICE &

MULTIMEDIATRAFFIC.
CIRCUIT AND PACKET SWITCHING

C E

B G

D F
 BLUETOOTH PACKETS

72 BITS 54 BITS 0-2745 BITS

ACCESS CODE HEADER PAYLOAD

 BLUETOOTH PACKETS

72 BITS 54 BITS 0-2745 BITS

ACCESS CODE HEADER PAYLOAD

PREAMBLE [Link] TRAILER

4 64 4 BITS
 72 54 0 - 2745 BITS

ACCESS CODE HEADER PAYLOAD

Used for Header Contains

signaling contains link user
purposes control information
information (data, voice)
 OSI REFERENCE MODEL
OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECTION

APPLICATION LAYER

PRESENTATION LAYER

SESSION LAYER

TRANSPORT LAYER

NETWORK LAYER

DATA LINK LAYER

PHYSICAL LAYER
BLUETOOTH PROTOCOL STACK
BLUETOOTH CORE PROTOCOLS

BASEBAND

LINK MANAGEMENT PROTOCOL(LMP)

LOGICAL LINK CONTROL AND ADAPTATION LAYER(L2CAP)

AUDIO

SERVICE DISCOVERY PROTOCOL(SDP)

BASEBAND & LINK CONTROL

Baseband and Link Control together enable a physical RF link

between Bluetooth units forming a piconet. This layer is
responsible for synchronizing the transmission-
hopping frequency and clocks of different
Bluetooth devices.
 AUDIO LINK

Audio is routed directly to and from Baseband. Any two Bluetooth

devices supporting audio can send and receive audio data
between each other just by opening an audio link.
LINK MANEGER PROTOCOL

Link Manager Protocol (LMP) is responsible for link set-up

(authentication and encryption, control, and negotiation
of base band packets) between Bluetooth devices and
for power modes and connection states of a
Bluetooth unit.
 L2CAP

Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP) takes

care of multiplexing, reassembly, and segmentation of
packets.
 SDP

Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) is needed when requesting device

information, services, and the characteristics of other devices.
Devices have to support the same service in order to
establish a connection with each other.
 CABLE RELACEMENT PROTOCOL

RFCOMM emulates RS-232 signals and can thus be used in

applications that were formerly implemented with a serial
cable (e.g., a connection between a laptop computer
and a mobile phone).
 TELEPHONY PROTOCOL

Telephony Control Protocol – Binary (TCS-BIN) defines the call

control signaling for the establishment of speech and data
call between Bluetooth devices [Protocols, p.9]. AT
commands provide means for controlling a
mobile phone or a modem.
 ADOPTED PROTOCOLS

OBEX(OBJECT EXCHANGE)
TCP/UDP/IP
PPP
WAP(WIRELESS APPLICATION PROTOCOL)
BLUETOOTH PROFILE
GENERIC OBJECT EXCHANGE PROFILE

defines the protocols and procedures that will be used by

Applications that need object exchange capabilities.
Possible scenarios are synchronization, file
transfer, and object push.
SERVICE DISCOVERY APPLICATION PROFILE

defines the features and procedures for an application in a

Bluetooth device to discover services of another
Bluetooth device.
 SERIAL PORT PROFILE

defines the requirements for Bluetooth devices necessary for

setting up emulated serial cable connections using
RFCOMM between two peer devices.
 GENERIC ACCESS PROFILE

defines the generic procedures related to discovery of Bluetooth

devices (idle mode procedures) and link management aspects
of connecting to Bluetooth devices
(connecting mode procedures).
USAGE MODEL ORIENTED PROFILE

CORDLESS TELEPHONY PROFILE

INTERCOM PROFILE
DIAL-UP NETWORK PROFILE
FAX PROFILE
HEADSET PROFILE
LAN ACCESS PROFILE
FILE TRANSFER PROFILE
OBJECT PUSH PROFILE
SYNCHRONIZATION PROFILE
 ADDITIONAL PROFILE

Generic Audio/Video Distribution Profile (GAVDP)

Advanced Audio Distribution Profile (A2DP)
Audio/Video Remote Control Profile (AVRCP)
Basic Imaging Profile (BIP)
Basic Printing Profile (BPP)
Bluetooth Extended Service Discovery Profile (ESDP) for
Universal Plug and PlayTM
Hands-Free Profile (HFP)
Human Interface Device Profile (HID)
Common ISDN Access Profile
Personal Area Networking Profile (PAN)
SIM Access Profile (SAP)
 Bluetooth Vs. Other WLANs
Technology
Bluetooth HomeRF 802.11b HyperLAN 802.11a HypyerLAN2
Frequency Band 2.4GHz 2.4GHz 2.4GHz 2.4GHz 5GHz 5GHz
Technology Frequency Hopping Frequency Hopping Direct Sequence Guassian Minimum Orthogonal Freq. Orthogonal Freq.
Spread Spectrum Spread Spectrum Spread Spectrum Shift Keying Division Multiplexing Division Multiplexing
Performance 720Kbps 1.6Mbps 11Mbps 23Mbps ~50Mbps ~50Mbps
Range <10 meters 50 meters 100 meters ? ? ?
Power Very Low Medium Medium Medium Medium High? Medium High?
Relative Cost Low/ Very Low Medium/Low Medium Medium High High
Target Applications Cable Replacement Wireless Data Wireless Data Wireless Data Wireless Data Wireless Data
Wireless Data Wireless Voice
Wireless Voice
Personal Networks
Fixed N/W Support PPP, Ethernet ? Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet, IP, ATM,
PPP, 1394, UMTS
Key Features Very Low Power Voice and Data Good Performance Good Performance High Performance High Performance
Voice and Data Moderate Cost
Roaming
Low Cost
Good noise immunity
Promoters 2000+ <50 ~100 <50 ~100 <50
Regional Support Worldwide US US/Asia Europe US Europe
Shipping Now Now Now Now 2001 2001
 Nine Promoters

Founders Y2K Additions

 And over 2000 additional SIG members