LECTURE 2

INTEGRATION FORMULAS

Engr. Maru Feriel O. Del Carmen

OUTLINE
After this week, you should be able to:
 describe what the process of integration is
 understand the relationship between differentiation and integration
 recall some basic rules and formulas of differentiation
 apply the concept of anti-differentiation to obtain indefinite integrals
 apply properties of integrals
 evaluate definite integrals using antiderivatives
OUTLINE
After this week, you should be able to:
 describe what the process of integration is
 understand the relationship between differentiation and integration
 recall some basic rules and formulas of differentiation
 apply the concept of anti-differentiation to obtain indefinite integrals
 apply properties of integrals
 evaluate definite integrals using antiderivatives
REVIEW OF DERIVATIVES
 

Recall the following from your Differential Calculus.

PROPERTIES OF DERIVATIVES
Derivative of a Sum/Difference:
Derivative of a Constant:
Derivative of a Function with Coefficient:

RULES OF DIFFERENTIATION
Power Rule:
Chain Rule:
Product Rule:
Quotient Rule:
REVIEW OF DERIVATIVES
 

Recall the following from your Differential Calculus.

BASIC DERIVATIVES
Exponential Functions:

Logarithmic Functions:
REVIEW OF DERIVATIVES
 

Recall the following from your Differential Calculus.

BASIC DERIVATIVES
Trigonometric Functions:
REVIEW OF DERIVATIVES
 

Recall the following from your Differential Calculus.

BASIC DERIVATIVES
Inverse Trigonometric Functions:
REVIEW OF DERIVATIVES
Recall the following from your Differential Calculus.

BASIC DERIVATIVES – SUMMARY

𝑑 −𝟏 𝟏
 

𝑑
   

𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙=𝐜𝐨𝐬𝒙 𝑑𝑥 𝐬𝐢 𝐧 𝒙= 𝟐
𝑑𝑥 √𝟏−𝒙
For the rest of the course, these are the only essential derivatives that you should be able to recall.
You may take a photo/screenshot of this slide for future reference.
ANTI-DIFFERENTIATION
 

Now, we will apply the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus in order to perform integration by using antiderivatives.

Recall that if the integral of a function is defined to be , then it must follow that
the derivative of is .

EXAMPLE
Given , determine .

This problem can be asked in the form, “What is the integral of ?”, which by the FTOC is equivalent to “What is the
antiderivative of ?”

Last lecture, we simply answered , which makes some sense because its derivative is in fact .

BUT! Is the only function that gives as its derivative?

ANTI-DIFFERENTIATION
 

EXAMPLE
Given , determine .

Last lecture, we simply answered , which makes some sense because its derivative is in fact .

BUT! Is the only function that gives as its derivative?

NO
In fact, there are infinitely many functions that are all valid antiderivatives of :
INDEFINITE INTEGRAL
 

EXAMPLE
In fact, there are infinitely many functions that are all valid antiderivatives of :

Notice that as long that there is an term, any constant can be added and still give the same derivative.
To write this answer more concisely, this is represented with a single, arbitrary constant called the constant of integration. This
is popularly represented by .

Since the integral gives not just a single function, but a whole family of functions, it is termed as an indefinite integral.
INDEFINITE INTEGRAL
 

MORE EXAMPLES

Answer:

Answer:
INDEFINITE INTEGRAL
 

MORE EXAMPLES

Answer:

Answer:
INDEFINITE INTEGRAL
 

MORE EXAMPLES

Answer:

It would be convenient if there was a power rule for integrals, like that of derivatives.

By observation, notice that (1) the exponent increases after anti-differentiation, and (2) the term is divided by this new,
increased exponent.
The power rule for integrals is then given by:
INDEFINITE INTEGRAL
 

MORE EXAMPLES

Answer:

It would be convenient if there was a power rule for integrals, like that of derivatives.

By observation, notice that (1) the exponent increases after anti-differentiation, and (2) the term is divided by this new,
increased exponent.
The power rule for integrals is then given by:
INDEFINITE INTEGRAL
 

MORE EXAMPLES

Answer:

Answer:
INDEFINITE INTEGRAL
 

MORE EXAMPLES

Answer:
INDEFINITE INTEGRAL
 

PROPERTIES OF INTEGRALS

MORE EXAMPLES

Answer:
INDEFINITE INTEGRAL
 

MORE EXAMPLES

Answer:
INDEFINITE INTEGRAL
 

SUMMARY
Constant of Integration

Integral of a Sum/Difference

Integral of a Function with Coefficient

Power Rule for Integrals

*Integral of the Reciprocal Function

OUTLINE
After this week, you should be able to:
 describe what the process of integration is
 understand the relationship between differentiation and integration
 recall some basic rules and formulas of differentiation
 apply the concept of anti-differentiation to obtain indefinite integrals
 apply properties of integrals
 evaluate definite integrals using antiderivatives
OUTLINE
After this week, you should be able to:
 describe what the process of integration is
 understand the relationship between differentiation and integration
 recall some basic rules and formulas of differentiation
 apply the concept of anti-differentiation to obtain indefinite integrals
 apply properties of integrals
 evaluate definite integrals using antiderivatives

10-MINUTE
END OF BREAK
BREAK
OUTLINE
After this week, you should be able to:
 describe what the process of integration is
 understand the relationship between differentiation and integration
 recall some basic rules and formulas of differentiation
 apply the concept of anti-differentiation to obtain indefinite integrals
 apply properties of integrals
 evaluate definite integrals using antiderivatives

END OF BREAK
INTEGRATION
 

Now that we’ve learned how to obtain indefinite integrals, we will go back to the definition of integration:

In the previous lecture, the blue area

was shown to be the integral of ,
from to .
=
This is originally solved by manually
taking the sum of many, many small
parts.

But since we now know that integrals

are simply antiderivatives, we can
apply the Fundamental Theorem of
Calculus in order to perform the
integration.
INTEGRATION
 

2nd Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (FTOC2):

This means, in order to evaluate the integral from to , it is first necessary to obtain an antiderivative , and then evaluate the
right-hand side.

EXAMPLE

From this integral, we identify that .

Getting an antiderivative, this gives .
Then, the right-hand side is evaluated. Note that in the given integral, and .
Evaluating:
INTEGRATION
 

EXAMPLE

Note that since it involves evaluating the antiderivative, the answer is a number, not a function.
This type of integral is called a definite integral, and is always evaluated, if possible, using FTOC2.

PROPERTIES OF (DEFINITE) INTEGRALS

All these properties are easily shown using FTOC2.

DEFINITE INTEGRALS
 

MORE EXAMPLES

Answer:
DEFINITE INTEGRALS
 

MORE EXAMPLES

Answer:
DEFINITE INTEGRALS
 

MORE EXAMPLES

Answer:
DEFINITE INTEGRALS
 

MORE EXAMPLES

Answer:
OUTLINE
After this week, you should be able to:
 describe what the process of integration is
 understand the relationship between differentiation and integration
 recall some basic rules and formulas of differentiation
 apply the concept of anti-differentiation to obtain indefinite integrals
 apply properties of integrals
 evaluate definite integrals using antiderivatives
OUTLINE
After this week, you should be able to:
 describe what the process of integration is
 understand the relationship between differentiation and integration
 recall some basic rules and formulas of differentiation
 apply the concept of anti-differentiation to obtain indefinite integrals
 apply properties of integrals
 evaluate definite integrals using antiderivatives
HOMEWORK 1 (25 JUNE 2021)
 

Perform the following integrals:

Deadline is tomorrow (26 June 2021) at 8:00 PM.

Submission is thru email: modelcarmen@[Link]; use subject line CALCULUS 2 HOMEWORK 1.

Gentle reminder also that we will have our first quiz on Monday.

 ENRICHMENT EXERCISES 1
(NX1)
Perform the following integrals:

Submission is thru email; use subject line

CALC2 NX1.
Thank you for your time
to attend our lecture.
Any questions? 
Just PM me!

Engr. Maru Feriel O. Del Carmen