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Ultrasonic Waves: Properties & Applications

This presentation discusses ultrasonic waves, including their properties, production methods, and applications. Ultrasonic waves have frequencies greater than 20 kHz and are inaudible to humans. They can be produced through magnetostriction or piezoelectric methods. Magnetostriction uses a ferromagnetic rod subjected to an alternating magnetic field, while piezoelectric uses crystals that generate electricity when pressure is applied. Applications include SONAR, which uses ultrasonic waves to detect underwater objects by measuring the time between wave emission and reflection.

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शाहनवाज आलम
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14 views15 pages

Ultrasonic Waves: Properties & Applications

This presentation discusses ultrasonic waves, including their properties, production methods, and applications. Ultrasonic waves have frequencies greater than 20 kHz and are inaudible to humans. They can be produced through magnetostriction or piezoelectric methods. Magnetostriction uses a ferromagnetic rod subjected to an alternating magnetic field, while piezoelectric uses crystals that generate electricity when pressure is applied. Applications include SONAR, which uses ultrasonic waves to detect underwater objects by measuring the time between wave emission and reflection.

Uploaded by

शाहनवाज आलम
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Everest engineering college, sanepa

Physic presentation

Topic of presentation: Ultra sonic waves

Submitted to: Department of IT

Submitted by: Shahanwaj Aalam(शाहनवाज आलम)


Introduction to ultrasonic waves

• The sound wave of frequency greater than 20kHz are


called ultrasonic waves.

• These sound waves are inaudible to human ears.

• The term sonic is applies to ultrasound waves of very


high amplitude.

• The ultrasonic waves due to their shorter wavelength


have a greater generating power
Properties of ultrasonic waves

• Frequency is greater than 20 kHz.

• Wavelengths are small.

• They can be transmitted over large distances with no


appreciable loss of
energy.

• Speed of propagation increase with increase in frequency


Production of ultrasonic waves

Ultrasonic waves are produced by the following methods.

(1) Magneto-striction generator

(2) Piezo-electric generator


Method for producing ultrasonic waves

Magneto-striction method
Advantages
• The design of this oscillator is very simple and its
production cost is low
• At low ultrasonic frequencies, the large power
output can be produced without the risk of damage
of the oscillatory circuit.

Disadvantages
• The frequency of oscillations depends on
temperature.
• It has low upper frequency limit and cannot generate
ultrasonic frequency above 3000 kHz
• When a ferromagnetic material in the form of a
rod is subjected to an alternating magnetic field
parallel to its length , the rod undergoes alternate
contractions and expansions at a frequency equal
to the frequency of the applied magnetic field.
• This phenomena is known as magnetostriction
effect.
• Due to resonance, the rod is thrown into
longitudinal vibrations, thereby producing
ultrasonic waves in the surrounding medium.
• Such ferromagnetic materials which are used for
the production of ultrasonic waves are called
magnetostriction materials
Piezo-electric method
• When pressure is applied to one pair of opposite faces
of crystals like quartz, tourmaline, Rochelle salt etc., cut
with their faces perpendicular to its optic axis, equal and
opposite charges appear across its other faces.

• This phenomenon is known as piezoelectric effect

• The electricity produced due to the effect of


piezoelectric effect is called piezoelectricity.

• The materials which can use piezoelectric effect are


called piezoelectric materials or crystals
Advantages
• The output of this oscillator is very high.

• It is not affected by temperature

Disadvantages

• The cost of piezo electric quartz is very high

• The cutting and shaping of quartz crystal are very complex


Application of ultrasonic waves:
SONAR :-
• sonar is a device which stands for sound
navigation and ranging.
• It uses ultrasonic for the detection and
identification of under water objects.
• The method consists of sending a powerful
beam of ultrasonic in the suspected direction
in water.
• By noting the time interval between the
emission and receipt of beam after reflection, the distance of the
object can be easily calculated
• Sonar is used in the location of shipwrecks and submarines on the
bottom of the sea
The end
References:
//Text book : IB Bhandari, I.B., Engineering Physics. KEC
Publication. (2074).

//[Link]

//[Link]
Thank you for your valuable
time and listening patiently…

If any question, I would love to answer!!!

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