Present
time
Books:
1. Destination B1
2. Destination B2
3. O.E.G.C. (INT)
4. AZAR (INT)
Present simple
Singular verb follows a singular subject. Add –
s to the simple present verb if the subject is (1)
statement: I/you/we/they play --- he/she/it plays a singular noun; (2) he/she/it
Final –es is added to words that end in –ch, -sh,
negative: I/you/we/they don’t play --- he/she/it doesn’t play
-s, -x, -z.
Question: do I/you/we/they play? --- does he/she/it play?
If a word ends in a consonant + y, change the –
y to –I and add –es.
We only double letters in stressed syllables.
Use: current, daily habits/activities; to talk about We can also use do/does
how often things happen; permanent situations; states; in present simple statements for emphasis.
general truth and facts; we use the simple present to
describe events that happen one after another in Phrases: every/each
commentaries and demonstrations. We also use the Monday/week/etc.; once/twice a
simple present to ask for and give instructions. We week/month/etc.; three times a
week/month/etc.
often tell stories and jokes with present tenses in an
We can also use do/does in present simple
informal style and also, use that bitch for events –
statements for emphasis.
things that happen one after another.
Present simple Always 100%
Almost always
Usually+
Often+
Frequency adverbs usually occur in the middle of a sentence and have special positions. Frequently+
They usually come between the subject and the simple present verb (except main verb Generally+
be). Frequency adverbs follow be in the simple present and simple past.
Sometimes+
Occasionally+
The adverbs with the symbol “+” may also occur at the beginning or end of a sentence.
The other adverbs in the list (the ones not marked by “+") rarely occur at the beginning or
Seldom
end of a sentence. Their usual position is in the middle of a sentence. Rarely
In a question, frequency adverbs come directly after the subject. In a negative sentence, Hardly ever
most frequency adverbs come in front of a negative verb (except always and ever). Always Almost never
follows a negative helping verb or negative be.
Not ever, never 0%
Negative adverbs are not used with a negative verb.
Ever is used in questions about frequency. It means “at any time”. Ever is also used with
not. Ever is not used in statements.
Present continues
statement: I am playing; she/he/it is playing; you/we/they are playing.
negative: I am not playing; she/he/it is not playing; you/we/they are not playing.
question: Am I playing? Is she/he/it playing? Are you/we/they playing?
Use: actions happening now; things that are happening around now; temporary
series of actions; temporary situations; changing and developing situations; annoying
habits (with always). We use present progressive for background – things that are
already happening when the story starts, or that continue through part of the story.
Words an phrases: now, right now, at the moment, today, this week/month/etc.
Stative verbs
Stative verbs do not usually describe actions.
They describe states (feelings, thoughts, etc.)
they are not normally use in continues tenses.
They refer to:
Some on these verbs (such as be, have, imagine, thinking,
look, see, smell, taste and think) are used in existence,
emotions, the
continues tenses when they describe actions. human senses,
appearance,
possession and
relationships
between things.
Stative verbs
Appear, be, believe, imagine, belong to, hate, have, include,
know, like, love, need, prefer, see, seem, taste, think;
understand, want, mean, exist, satisfy, want, hear, sound,
look, resemble, consist of, involve, own, possess;
forget, remember; agree, contain, depend, matter, mind,
realise, recognize, suppose.
Present perfect simple Phrases such as it’s first/second/etc. time.. are
followed by the present perfect simple.
We don’t use the present perfect simple when we want
to say when sth happened in the past. We use the pas
have/has + past participle simple.
We don’t use the past simple when we want to show
Use: situations that started in the past and are still true; a series of that sth happened before now or is still important now.
actions continuing up to now; completed actions at a time in the past We use the present perfect simple.
which is not mentioned; completed actions where the important thing
is the result now; use for tell’em news. When we first give news, we When the present perfect is used with since and for, it
often use the present perfect. And for the other detains, use past express situations that began in the past and continue
simple to the present.
If the noun ends in -s (hours, days, weeks, etc.), use for
Words and phrases: for, since, just(comes after have), in the time expression, not since.
already(position: midsentence, affirmative; comes after have), yet Ever since has the same meaning as since
(end of sentence, negative), ever, never, it’s the first time. The exact
time is not mention - it is unimportant or unknown.
Still(affirmative or negative): midsentence; anymore(negative): end of A VS B
sentence. Already comes after have. In informal spoken English, the Speakers of American English often use the past simple in situations where
simple past is sometimes used with already. speakers of British English would use the present perfect simple.
We don’t normally use the present perfect with words for a finished Speakers of American English use gotten as the past simple participle of the
time. verb get, except when get means have or possess. Speakers of British English
only ever use got. In American English simple past is often used with already,
We often use present perfect to say how much we have done up to yet and just. In American English it’s quite common to give news with the
now. simple past.
Present perfect
continues
have/has + been + -ing
Use : actions continuing up to now or just before now; we can use the present perfect progressive
just to say how we have been filling our time (up to now), especially when we talk about present results.
The present perfect progressive can also be used for longer, more permanent situation. However we
often prefer a simple present perfect, especially when we are telling about unchanging states rather than
actions.
The present perfect continuous is often used with words and phrases, like all day/week/year/etc., for,
since, just; It is not normally used with the words ever and never.
The present perfect simple often emphasises the result of an action. The present perfect continuous
often emphasises the action, and the time spent on the action, rather than the result.
yay