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Golden Rice: Biofortification for Vitamin A

Golden rice is a genetically modified rice variety that is biofortified with beta-carotene, which the human body converts to vitamin A. It was developed to help address vitamin A deficiency in developing countries. The rice is modified with two genes - one from daffodil and one from soil bacteria - that activate the beta-carotene pathway in the rice's endosperm. This causes the rice to produce beta-carotene and appear yellow or "golden". A second-generation "Golden Rice 2" produces much higher levels of beta-carotene and can meet over half of a child's daily vitamin A needs from a single serving. Golden rice aims to provide a sustainable solution to vitamin A deficiency

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172 views12 pages

Golden Rice: Biofortification for Vitamin A

Golden rice is a genetically modified rice variety that is biofortified with beta-carotene, which the human body converts to vitamin A. It was developed to help address vitamin A deficiency in developing countries. The rice is modified with two genes - one from daffodil and one from soil bacteria - that activate the beta-carotene pathway in the rice's endosperm. This causes the rice to produce beta-carotene and appear yellow or "golden". A second-generation "Golden Rice 2" produces much higher levels of beta-carotene and can meet over half of a child's daily vitamin A needs from a single serving. Golden rice aims to provide a sustainable solution to vitamin A deficiency

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Balaji
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GOLDEN RICE

[Link] DHARSHINI
2019517010
GOLDEN RICE

 Golden rice is genetically

modified and biofortified crop.

Biofortication means increase the nutritional value in crop.


 Golden rice is genetically modified in order to produce beta
carotene (precursor of vitamin A) which is not normally
produced in rice.  
 Beta carotene is convereted into Vitamin A when

metabolized by Human body.


GOLDEN RICE PROJECT
 Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is prevalent in developing countries whose
diet are dependent on rice or other micronutrient poor carbohydrate
foods, which do not contain Vit [Link] is main cause of blindness of
million childrens from developing countries.
 So Golden rice project was first introduced in1999, when two
professors Ingo Potrykus and Peter Beyer proposed their project to
rock feller foundation to genetically engineer rice to increase its
nutrients.
 Rockfeller Foundation supported their goal to provide sustainable
biofortification approach to combat vitaminA deficiences in developing
countries. Thus golden Rice Project began as proposed solution for
vitamin A deficiency.
PRODUCTION OF GOLDEN RICE- GENETIC
MODIFICATION

In Rice beta carotene pathway is active in leaves, when it


goes with grain endosperm it turnoff, So golden rice
technology introduce or add 2 genes named Psy & CrtI in
beta carotene pathway to turned back on and consquently
accumulates in grain.

Two beta carotene biosynthesis genes:


 Psy ( Phytoene synthase) from Daffodil
 Crt I (Carotene desaturase) from Soil bacterium

(Erwinia uredovora)
 These Psy and CrtI genes were transformed into rice nuclear
genome and placed under the control of an endosperm
specific promoter, So they are only expressed in endosperm.
Thus, ß carotene in endosperm giving the rice yellow
colour, it s called golden rice.
 Golden rice produced 1.6 µg/g of carotenoids.
BETA CAROTENE PATHWAY IN GOLDEN RICE
STEPS TO PRODUCE GOLDEN RICE

 The first step was insert the genes in rice embryo through
particle bombardment or Bacterial transfer.
 Portykus lab used Agrobacterium mediated transformation
where engineered bacteria inserted its DNA into targeted
rice plant embryos. Target DNA contain genes namely
Phytoene synthase(daffodil) Phytoene desaturase(soil
bacterium) Lycopene beta cyclase(Daffodil)
 The scientist grow the plants and selected, tested the embryo
for beta carotene. And these Genetically modified rice
plants produced and stored beta carotene in their starch.
GOLDEN RICE 2

 Golden rice 1(First version) - It produced 1.6 µg of


Provitamin A per gram of rice. It was not stastisfy the
reccomended daily intake of vitamin A . So improved
version was developed in later years called Golden rice 2.

In this version maize gene was used instead of daffodil gene


 In 2005, Syngenta produced variety of golden rice 2 by
combining the Phytoene synthase (Psy gene from maize)
with Carotene desaturase ( Crt 1) from orginal golden rice.
Both genes are were under endosperm specific promoter
control and mannose act as selectable marker.
 This golden rice 2 produced upto 23 times more provitamin A
compared to initial one, making it more useful in fight against
Vitamin A deficiency. Based on statistics it was calculated that
a bowl of 100-150 grams of boiled new golden rice provides
60% of the recommended daily intake of vitaminA for
children.
REFERENCES

 Beyer, P., Babili,S.A., Ye, X., lucca,P., Schaub,P., Welsch, [Link]


Potrykus,I.( 2002) . Golden Rice: Introducing the beta carotene
biosynthesis pathway into Rice endosperm by genetic engineering
to defeat Vitamin A deficiency. American Society of Nutrtional
Sciences.
 [Link]
 [Link]/golden rice technology
THANK YOU

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