CHAPTER 1

General Principal and Concept of

Occupational Safety & Health and
Environment (OSHE)
 OBJECTIVES
• To identified hazard and risk factor working at a
height and use of scaffolds
• Proposed control measure and mitigate plan to
reduce risk and danger while working at height
• To identified work activities involved working at
height on construction site and other multi discipline
industry
• Able to advice employer and employee (workers) on
safety issue at your work-place
• To promote safe working practice at work-place in
line to enhance OSH arena as a culture of our life
 OSHE - CONCEPT
1. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY – TO AVOID ACCIDENT &
DANGEROUS OCCURRENCE

2. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH – TO PROTECT WORKERS

& PUBLIC FROM POISONOUS, ILLNESS AND
OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES

3. WELFARE FACILITIES – BASIC FACILITIES AT

WORKPLACE ACCORDING TO REGULATION

4. ENVIRONMENT – RELATED ISSUE TO THE PUBLIC &

PRESERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
“The responsibility of
ensuring the safety and
health at the workplace
lies with those who create
the risks and those who
work with them.”
Lord Robens of Woldhingham, 1972

Self regulation

Consultation

Cooperation and workers involvement

© 2013 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights
4
reserved.
 Why OSHE Importance
• OSHE - Preventing work-place accident, property
damage, Ill-health and pollution of environment
• Important - Legal, Economy, Humanitarian and
Environment
• Scope of OSHE –
– Industrial relation - Physical work
– Safety engineering - Psychology
– Occupational medicine - Sociology
– Science environment - Public health
 ACT & REGULATION
and the enforcement authority
• Akta Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan (Occupational
Safety and Health Act) - OSHA 1994 – by JKKP / DOSH
• Akta Kilang dan Jentera (Factories and Machinery Act-
FMA 1967 – by JKKP
• Akta Petroleum (Langkah-langkah Keselamatan) 1984 –
(Akta 302) - by JKKP
• Akta Kualiti Alam Sekitar - EQA 1974 – by JAS
• Fire Service Act & Akta UBBL 1984 – by BOMBA & Local
authority
• Akta Keselamatan Social 1969 – by Perkeso
• Akta Kerja 1955 – by Jab. Buruh (M’sia Barat & Labuan)
LAW AND REGULATION
 CHAPTER 2
Occupational Safety & Health Act
and Regulations
OSHA 1994
(Act 514)

Page
 Occupational Safety & Health Act
(OSHA 1994) - (Akta 514)

The Objective, Goal and Aim

• The aim
– To promote safety and health awareness and
establish effective organization and performance
through self-regulation, consultation and co-
operation
• The goal
– To create a healthy and safe working culture
among all Malaysian employers and employees
 OSHA 1994 (Akta 514)

• The objectives:
– To secure the safety health and welfare of persons
at work
– To protect other person at place of work against
hazard and risk
– To promote occupational environment adaptable
to the person’s physiological and psychological
needs
– To provide the mean toward a legislative system in
combination with the provision of the Act
 OSHA 1994 (Akta 514)

Philosophy, principle and advantages and scope

• Philosophy and principle;
– Self regulation
– Consultation
– Co-operation and workers participation
• Advantages:
– Scope (widening)
– Self regulatory (not too prescriptive)
– More independent (not too depend on government)
• Scope
– through-out Malaysia to all economic activities
– cover all industry except army
Page
& maritime (shipping ordinance)
 OSHA 1994 (Akta 514)

• OSHA is additional to other written laws relating OSH

(but not decorative or revocation)
• OSHA is supersede if any conflict or inconsistence
with other laws
• Date enacted (diwartakan): 25 February 1994
• Act - 67 sections divided to 15 parts
• Regulation - 8 regulations,
• Rules - 2 orders
• Maximum penalty: Fine RM 50K or 5 years in jail or
both
 OSHA 1994 (Akta 514)
• Part I – Section 1-4 – Preliminary
• Part II – Section 5-7 – Appointment of Officers
• Part III – Section 8-14 – National Council for Occupational Safety & Heath
• Part IV – Section 15-19 – General Duties of Employer and Self-Employed Person
• Part V – Section 20-23 – General Duties of Designer, Manufacturer and Supplier
• Part VI – Section 24-27 – General Duties of Employee
• Part VII – Section 28-31 – Safety and Health Organization
• Part VIII – Section 32-34 – Notification of Accident, Dangerous Occurrence,
Poisonous and Occupational Diseases
• Part IX – Section 35-36 – Prohibition against use of Plant or Substance
• Part X – Section 37-38 – Industry Code of Practice
• Part XI – Section 39-50 – Enforcement and Investigation
• Part XII – Section 51-62 – Liability for Offence
• Part XIII – Section 63-65 – Appeal
• Part XIV – Section 66 – Regulations
• Part XV – Section 67 – Miscellaneous
 OSHA 1994 – (Rules and Regulations)
• Safety and Heath Policy – (to Employer) Reg. 1995
• Control of Industrial Major Accident Hazard (CIMAH) Reg. 1996
• Safety and Health Committee SHC – (to work-place) Reg. 1996
• Classification, Labeling and Safety Data Sheet of Hazardous
Chemical (CLASS) Reg. 2013
• Safety and Health Officer (SHO) – Reg. 1997
• Use and Standard Exposure of Chemical Hazardous to Health
(USECHH) Reg. 2000
• Notification of Accident, Dangerous Occurrence, Poisonous and
Occupational Diseases (NADOPOD) Reg. 2004
• Safety & health Officer (Order) 1997
• Prohibition of Use of Substance (Order) 1999
• Noise Exposure Reg. 2019
 GENERAL DUTIES OF EMPLOYER
(Section 15 - OSHA)

General duties of employers are clearly defined under Section 15 (2) of the Act:

1. Provide and maintain a safe plant and systems of work

2. Make arrangements for the safe use, handling, storage and transportation
of plants and substances.

3. Provide the necessary information, instruction, training and supervision

on safe practices, including information on legal requirement.

4. Ensure that the work premises, including its entry and egress routes, and
its working environments are safe and without risks to the health of his
employees
5. As far practicable to ensure safely healthy and welfare facilities at workplace
 Duties of Employees
(Section 24 - OSHA )

Employees have the duties under Section 24 of the Acts.

1. To take reasonable care to avoid injury to themselves or to

others by their work activities.

2. To cooperate with employers and others in meeting statutory

requirements.

3. To use and wear all the protective equipment provided to

them.

4. To abide all the rules on occupational safety and health.

 Safety and Health Committee - SHC
Section 30 & 31 OSHA and Safety and Health Committee – Rregulation 1996

Chairman

Secretary

Employer Rep. Employee Rep.

40 – 100 workers > 100 workers

Employer Rep. 2 persons 4 persons
Employee Rep. 2 persons 4 persons
 Safety and Health Officer – SHO
• Section 29 OSHA 1994 and SHO Regulation 1997
• Objectives:
– To improve level of OSH in high risk industry
– Create an effective and systematic of OSH management system
– Facilitate the employer to conduct all work activity in safely
manner
• Class of industry shall appoint qualified SHO: (as per stated in SHO
order 1997)
• Building operation, work engineering or manufacturing
-amount of contract more than RM 20/= million
• manufacturing industry – high risk sector – nos. of workers
more than 100 persons in peak hour
• other manufacturing industry more than 500 workers
 CHAPTER 3
Factories and Machinery Act
with Regulations
FMA 1967
(Act 139)

Page
 Factories and Machinery Act
FMA 1967 – (Akta 139)
• Act - 6 parts, sections (1-59) and 3 schedules
• 15 Regulations and Rules
• Cited as Act 64 on 1967 and become Act 139 on 1st
February 1970
• Any premises categorized as a factory except
– use as garage for locomotive or vehicle or
– any premises less than 5 persons and no machineries are
used
• Maximum Penalty
– fine RM 250K or imprisonment 5 years or both
– Compound not exceeding 50% by chief or senior
inspector
 Factories and Machinery Act
FMA 1967 – (Akta 139)
• Objectives:
– Control of factory with the aim to protect safety,
health and welfare of person inside
– Registration and inspection of machineries and
related items
– Prevent accident and dangerous occurrence due to
the use of machinery or unsafe practise
– Provide standard minimum requirements for workers
protections (safety and health)
– Scope more to manufacturing, construction, mining
and quarry
 Factories and Machinery Act
FMA 1967 – (Akta 139)
• Premises –
– where person are employed in any process to carry out the work
by way of trade for the purpose of gain
– Any building, place or floating structure including site
construction
• Article –
– Mean any solid material, liquid or gases or any combination
thereof including electricity
• Machineries –
– e.g. steam boiler, unfired pressure vessel, primer mover, hoisting
machinery, driven machine, gas cylinder, pipelines amusement
device or any equipment for cutting, welding and casting and etc
– But doesn’t include used for propulsion of vehicle, driven by
manual power, used for private and domestic purpose or office
machine Page
 FMA 1967 (Akta 139)
• Part I – Sect. 1-9 – Preliminary
• Part II – Sect. 10-25 – Safety, Health and
Welfare
• Part III – Sect. 26-30 – Person In-charge and
Certificate of Competency
• Part IV – Sect. 31-33 – Notification of Accident,
Dangerous Occurrence and Dangerous Diseases
• Part V – Sect. 34-46 – Notice of Occupation of
Factory, Registration and Use of Machinery
• Part VI – Sect. 47-59 – General
 FMA 1967 – Rules and Regulations
• Certificates of Competency (Examination) – Reg. 1970
• Electrical Passenger and Goods Lift – Reg. 1970
• Fencing of Machinery and Safety – Reg. 1970
• Notification, Certificate of Fitness and Inspection – Reg. 1970
• Person In-charge – Reg. 1970
• Safety, Health and Welfare – Reg. 1970
• Steam Boiler and Unfired Pressure Vessel – Reg. 1970
• Administration – Reg. 1970
• Lead – Reg. 1984
• Asbestos Process – Reg. 1986
• Building Operation and Works Engineering Construction (Safety) (BOWECS)
– Reg. 1986
• Noise Exposure – Reg. 1989
• Mineral Dust – Reg. 1989
• Risk Based Inspection – Reg. 2014
• Exemption for Certificate of Fitness for Hoisting Machine – Order 2015
 CHAPTER 4
Building Operation and Works of
Engineering Construction (Safety)
Regulations
BOWEC(S) 1986

Page
 Building Operation and Works of Engineering
Construction (Safety) (BOWEC-S) Reg. 1986
• Enforced on 1st October 1986
• Applicable for building operation and works
engineering construction only
• Fencing of machinery and safety regulation 1970
(revised 1983) shall be apply together to all machinery
used
• 154 regulations divided to 17 parts
• Any building operation and work engineering
construct must be registered with JKKP/DOSH – if
work more than six (6) week and the use of
machineries as per stated in section 35 - FMA 1967
• Maximum penalty is RM 2,000/=
 Building Operation and Works of Engineering
Construction (Safety) (BOWEC-S) Reg. 1986
• 154 Regulations divided to 17 Parts
– Part I - Reg. 1-4 – Preliminary
– Part II - Reg. 5-27 – General Provision
– Part III - Reg. 28-32 – Concrete Work
– Part IV - Reg. 33-38 – Structural Steel & Precast Concrete Assembly
– Part V - Reg. 39-42 – Cleaning Repairing & Maintenance of Roof Gutter Window &
Ventilator
– Part VI - Reg. 43-45 – Catch Platform
– Part VII - Reg. 46-57 – Chutes, Safety Belt and Net
– Part VIII - Reg. 58-61 – Runway and Ramps
– Part IX - Reg. 62-71 – Ladder and Step Ladder
– Part X - Reg. 72-98 – Scaffolds
– Part XI - Reg. 99-110 – Demolition
– Part XII - Reg. 111-118 – Excavation
– Part XIII - Reg. 119-123 – Material Handling, Storing, Use and Disposal
– Part XIV - Reg. 124-134 – Piling
– Part XV - Reg. 135-146 – Blasting and Use of Explosive
– Part XVI - Reg. 147-153 – Hand and Power Tools
– Part XVII - Reg. 154 – Miscellaneous
 Building Operation and Works of Engineering
Construction (Safety) (BOWEC-S) Reg. 1986

• Design and drawing by professional engineer (P. E.)

– Metal tube scaffolds exceeding 40 meters
– A-frame and other scaffolds (>15 meters)
– Loading and catch platform
– From-work and false-work
– Rubbish chute (>12 meter)
– Runway and ramp used for vehicle
– Shoring or slope protection for trench excavation
exceed 4 meters
– Tower crane foundation
 Site Safety Supervisor (SSS)
• Stated in Reg. 25 & 26 – BOWEC(S) Regulation 1986.
• Contractor to appoint safety supervisor (main
contractor – mandatory & sub-contractor if more
than 20 workers)
• SSS – 15 hours per week & CSS - 5 hours per week
• Duties and responsibilities of safety supervisor
– To ensure compliance of Act and regulations
– To promote safe conduct of work
– To inspecting and rectifying un-safe place of work
– To rectify any unsafe act and unsafe practice
– To monitor subcontractors’ work
– To liaise with CSS
 CHAPTER 5
General OSH, Penalty and Typical Fact

Page
 PENALTY
• FMA 1967
– Maximum RM 250,000 or 5 years in jail - section 39
(3) and 40 (3) & 40(4)
– BOWEC(S) Regulation – RM 2,000 (Reg. 154)
• OSHA 1994
– Maximum RM 50,000 or 5 years in jail - section 49
(2) – failure to comply notice
– Employer (section 15-18) – RM50,000 or 2 years in
jail
– Employee (section 24) – RM 1,000 or 3 months in jail
– Individual (section 25) – RM 20,000 or 2 years in jail
(misuse and interfere)
JKKP Form Registration and Notification (typical)

• JKJ 101 – Factory (Kilang)

• JKJ 103 – Site construction and Engineering works
• JKJ 105 – Machinery (Mesin & Jentera)
– PMA – Perakuan Mesin Angkat
– PMT – Perakuan Mesin Tekanan
– PMD – Perakuan Mesin Dandang
• JKKP 6 – Pemberitahuan mengenai kemalangan & kejadian
berbahaya
• JKKP 7 - Pemberitahuan mengenai keracunan & penyakit
pekerjaan
• JKKP 8 – Rekod tahunan statistic kemalangan (hantar sebelum
31 January ke JKKP HQ)
 OSHE PERSONNEL
• SHC (SAFEY & HEALTH COMMITTEE) – OSHA SECT. 30 & 31 and
REGULATION 1996
• SHO (SAFETY & HEALTH OFFICER) – OSHA SECT. 29 & REG. 1997 &
Rules 1997
• SSS (SITE SAFETY SUPERVISOR) – BOWEC (S) REG. 1986 - REG. 25
(SSS) & REG. 26 (CSS)
• OHD – OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH DOCTOR – OSHA SECT. 28 &
NADOOPOD REG. 2004
• CHRA (ASSESSOR) – USECHH REG. 2000
• MAJOR HAZARD – CIMAH REG. 1996
• COMPETENT PERSON – CRANE OPEROR, GAS TESTER,
SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR, FIRST AIDER, HYGIENE TECHNICIAN
• DESIGNATED PERSON - EXCAVATION, PILING, DEMOLITION
WORKS & ETC
 Typical facts
• Industry ≥ 5 person – safety & health policy (OSHA Sect. 16)
• Work premises ≥ 40 person – safety and health committee (SHC) – sect. 30
OSHA
• Project site ≥ RM 20/= million or ≥ 100 org (high risk industry – safety and
health officer (SHO) – SHO order 1997
• SSS – site safety supervisor - main contractor – mandatory – Reg. 25
(BOWEC)(S)
• Sub-contractor ≥ 20 person – contractor safety supervisor (CSS) –
BOWEC(S) Reg. 26 –
• Building operation & works engineering construction ≥ 6 weeks or use
machinery – register to DOSH state – FMA section 35
• Working at height ≥ 10 feet – Reg. 12 SHW Reg. 1970 – protection from fall
down
• Scaffolds ≥ 3 meter – inspected by scaffolds supervisor – BOWEC(S) Reg. 85
• Scaffolds ≥ 40 meter (metal tube) and other scaffolds ≥ 15 meter – design
and drawing endorsed by P. E. professional engineer
• Work place ≥ 20 person – first aider – Reg. 38 – SHW Reg. 1970
 CHAPTER 6
Definition and Concept of
Working at a Height (WAH) and
Scaffolds Safety
 WORKING AT A HEIGHT (WAH) &
SCAFFOLDS SAFETY
• Definition of working at a height
– Work cannot be perform at the same ground or floor
level
– Workers have to climb and work at height to perform
the work
– Person will be liable to fall a distance more than ten
(10) feet – as per stated in Safety, Health and Welfare
Regulation - Reg. No. 12) under FMA 1967
– Any installation of scaffolds - where person is liable to
fall more than 3.0 meter – (BOWEC(S) Regulation – Reg.
No. 85) under FMA 1967
 WORKING AT A HEIGHT (WAH) &
SCAFFOLDS SAFETY
• Example of typical activities – working at height
– Erection, installation and dismantle of scaffolds
– Use of ladder and working on scaffolds
– Working on electricity and telecommunication poles
and towers
– Painting, plastering and brick-work
– Concrete and casting works
– Maintenance of building and high rise structure
– Installation of air-cond. system and television antenna
– Erection and maintenance of tower crane
– Ceiling and roof works
 WORKING AT A HEIGHT (WAH) &
SCAFFOLDS SAFETY
• Typical hazard, effect and risk
– Working too near with unprotected floor opening or open
edge - can cause fall-down
– Injured due to falling object (debris or material)
– Unstable temporary structure (e.g. scaffolds) or can cause
collapse or dangerous occurrences
– Fragile roof, ceiling and edge
– Unstable ladder or moveable ladder
– Contact with overhead electrical power lines
– Un-suitable working platform can cause slip, trip and fall
– Working while bad weather condition
– Unstable power elevated working platform (e.g. gondola or
ariel platform) can cause major injury or fatality
 CHAPTER 7
Safe work practice
while working at a height and
scaffolds safety
 WORKING AT A HEIGHT (WAH) &
SCAFFOLDS SAFETY
• Safe practice and proposed control measure while working on
height
– Hard barricade or railing as per specification
– Practice good housekeeping (5S)
– Scaffolds must be erected as per specification and inspected
by competent supervisor
– Hoisting machine used for work an height must have a valid
certificate of fitness (PMA) safe practice operation
– Safe mean access and egress (e.g. ladder or step ladder and
working platform)
– Wear suitable PPE (safety harness) with anchorage and lifeline
– Provide fall arrest system e.g. safety net
– Apply buddy system and do not work in bad weather
 WORKING AT A HEIGHT (WAH) &
SCAFFOLDS SAFETY
• Ladder
– Good construction, sound material and adequate
strength
– Correct angle is < 75 i.e. 1 : 4 (horizontal : vertical)
– Always maintain concept - three point contact
– Extend 1 meter above landing area
– Only one worker at a time
– Avoid over-loading, out-stretching and out-reaching
• Mobile scaffolds
– Maximum height is 9 meter
– Must have 4 locked castor wheel and
– Do not move where someone on the top
 WORKING AT A HEIGHT (WAH) &
SCAFFOLDS SAFETY
• Railing and open edge protection
– Material used must be rigid and adequate strength e.g. wood,
pipe or metal
– Comprising top-rail, mid-rail and toe-board
– Minimum height of top rail is 1.0 meter above working surface,
200 mm height for toe-board
• Working platform
– Closely boarded planked and plated
– At least 635 mm wide for footing and 860 mm for deposit
material
– The thickness board or plank forming part of working platform >
50 mm
– If work to be done face of building, the space between building
and working platform must be small as practicable and shall not
exceed 460 mm
 WORKING AT A HEIGHT (WAH) &
SCAFFOLDS SAFETY
• Power elevated working platform
– e.g. gondola, sky-lift, scissor lift and ariel working
platform
– Select suitable type of the task
– Must be have valid certificate of fitness (sijil perakuan
mesin angkat (PMA)
– Regular inspected and maintained
– Operated by trained and competent operator
– Traffic management to be consider while working
near public road
 WORKING AT A HEIGHT (WAH) &
SCAFFOLDS SAFETY
• Fall arrest system and restrain device
– Safety net
• Shall be type test and approved by chief inspector
(DOSH/JKKP)
• Should be sufficient size and strength to catch any person
• Attached to sufficient anchorage or support outside
• Anchorage to be designed, tested and installed by competent
person
– Safety harness (full body harness)
• Personnel protective equipment for working at height
• Consist of land-yard and shock absorber
• Anchorage point to be higher than ground level
– Anchorage point and life line
• Device to be inspect by competent person
• Length of life line is 1 meter form opening or edge
 WORKING AT A HEIGHT (WAH) &
SCAFFOLDS SAFETY
• Scaffolds
– Every scaffold must be in good condition, suitable material and
adequate strength
– Erection of metal tube scaffolds > 40 meter in height or other
scaffolds > 15 meter shall be accordance to design and drawing
by professional engineer (P.E.)
– Installation, alteration and dismantling of scaffold > 3 meter
must be supervised by competent person (scaffolds supervisor
registered with DOSH)
– Scaffold must be inspected before used, or within 7 days, while
doing alteration or after bad weather condition
– Scaffold shall be securely support to ensure stability and rigidly
connected to the building
– Timber used in the construction of scaffolds shall be keruing
wood equal or wood higher strength
 WORKING AT A HEIGHT (WAH) &
SCAFFOLDS SAFETY
• Scaffolds
– Erected on base ground firm (e.g. on concrete floor, asphalt or
hard wooden)
– Erected scaffolds must be capable to support the load with
safety factor at least 4.0
– Provide with safe mean access and egress (e.g. step ladder)
– Working platform with suitable characteristic to be provided
for safe work practice
– Workers must wear suitable PPE e.g. safety harness (if liable
to fall > 3.0 meter)
– Unsafe scaffold must be tagged with prohibition sign
– Dismantling of scaffolds should be done gradually (portion by
portion)
– Reference Part X – BOWEC(S) Regulation 1986 - Reg. 72-98
Photo picture – working at a height
Photo- picture – hazard / unsafe practise
Photo- picture – hazard / unsafe act
Good practise of scaffolds erection
Page
BEKERJA TEMPAT TINGGI:
1. TEKNIK BEKERJA YANG SELAMAT
2. KEMAHIRAN (SKILL)
3. PILIH JENIS PPE & CARA PAKAI YANG BETUL
Page
 ALAT PELINDUNG INI WAJIB
DIGUNA JIKA ANDA BEKERJA
DI TEMPAT TINGGI
SEKIRANYA KAWASAN
TERSEBUT BOLEH
MENGAKIBATKAN ANDA
Page TERJATUH (>10 KAKI)
Scissor lift Aerial lift
 CHAPTER 8
Hazard Identification risk Assessment
& Risk Control
(HIRARC)
Working at Height & Scaffolds Safety
 RISK MANAGEMENT
• HIRARC – Hazard Identification, Risk
Assessment & Risk Control
• JSA / THA – Job Safety Analysis / Task Hazard
Analysis
• SOP – Safe Operating Procedure
• PTW – Permit to Work
• LOTO – Log out – tag out
• Safety & Health Manual
• Code of Practise (COP)
HIRARC – Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment &
Risk Control
• Select the work activities or task
• Identify the hazard
 Un-safe act and/or un-safe condition
 Category and type of hazards
 Physical, Chemical, Biological, Ergonomic or Psycho-social
 Impact or effect if person exposed to hazard
• Analyze the risk
 Risk = Likelihood x Severity
 To categorize risk rating or risk prioritization = either high(H), medium(M)
or low(L)
 Hierarchy of control
 ESIEAP formula
 Elimination, Substitution, Isolation, Engineering, Administrative and PPE
 DEFINITION
• HAZARD
– Source or situation with a potential for HARM in-
term of human injury or ill-health or damage to
property or/and environment
• RISK
– Combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of
a hazardous event and severity of injury or illness
or damage of property damage/environment
– Likelihood X Severity
• DANGER
– Relative Exposure to the Hazard
 59

TYPE/CATEGORY OF HAZARD
Category of Hazard Examples

Noise, radiation, ventilation, heat stress, poor

PHYSICAL lighting, electrical (voltage and current), working at
height.

Pesticides, solvents, heavy metals, toxic substance

CHEMICAL

Dangerous poisonous animal, virus, bacteria and

BIOLOGICAL parasite.

human and machine interface, work position or

ERGONOMIC work posture.

Work stress, employees interaction, within

organization, long hours work, shift work,
PSYCHO-SOCIAL harrassment
 PUNCA-PUNCA INSIDEN

PERLAKUAN TIDAK SELAMAT KEADAAN TIDAK SELAMAT

• Perlakuan cuai / lalai • Prosedur tidak lengkap

• Memandu laju • Silap reka-bentuk
• Tidak memakai alat • Permukaan lantai licin
kelengkapan pelindung diri • Mesin yang berputar
(PPE) yang sesuai tiada penghadang
 HAZARD

UNSAFE ACT UNSAFE CONDITION

Page
 Hazard – unsafe act

Hazard – unsafe condition

 Format of HIRARC
Task Activity: _____________________________ Date conducted: ___________

Hazard Identification Risk Assessment Risk Control

(HI) (RA) (RC)

Task /
No Work Hazards
Sequence
Risk Legal
Type of Likelihood Severity Control Person
Un-safe Un-safe Impact Rating Require
hazard (L) (S) measure in-charge
Act (UA) condition (RR) ments
(UC)
 RISK MATRIK & RISK RATING
SEVERITY & FATALITY PERMANAT MAJOR MINOR FIRST AID
LIKELIHOOD (5) DISABLE (4) INJURY (3) INJURY (2) (1)

VERY LIKELY
(5) 25 20 15 10 5
VH=VERY HIGH VH H H M

LIKELY
(4) 20 16 12 8 4
VH (H = HIGH) H M M

REGULARY
(3) 15 12 9 6 3
H H (M=MEDIUM) M L

UNLIKELY
(2) 10 8 6 4 2
H M M M L

VERY UNLIKELY
(1) 5 4 3 2
L
1
(L= LOW)
M M L
 Hierarchy of Control
1. Elimination (penghapusan)
2. Substitution (penggantian)
3. Isolation (pengasingn)
4. Engineering control (kaedah kejuruteraan)
5. Administrative control (kawalan pentadbiran)
6. Personal protective equipment (PPE) –
alat pelindung diri
 CHAPTER 9
Emergency response and accident
investigation
 ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION & REPORTING SKILL

• Type of accident
• Theory cause of accident
• OSHA Section 32 & NADOOPOD Regulation
2004
• Form of JKKP 6, 7 & 8
• Accident investigation team
• Procedure of Investigation
• Interview of witness
• Accident reporting skill
PUNCA KEMALANGAN

Suatu kemalangan besar yang menimpa, terdapat banyak kemalangan kecil yang
telah terjadi sebelumnya di tempat atau dari punca yang sama
 TEORI BONGKAH AIS (THEORY ICEBERG -
INCIDENT COST)
KOS LANGSUNG
1. Perubatan
2. Pampasan
KOS TIDAK LANGSUNG
1. Kos mengganti pekerja baru
2. Memberi latihan kepada pekerja
3. Kos menyiasat kemalangan
4. Membaiki kerosakan harta-benda/jentera
5. Mengganti peralatan atau mesin yang baru
6. Kelewatan masa dan gangguan perkhidmatan
7. Imej syarikat/organisasi yang tercemar
8. Kos guaman dan khidmat perundangan

KOS SEBENAR KEMALANGAN ADALAH JAUH LEBIH TINGGI …!!!

 Form of JKKP 6 – Notification of accident and dangerous occurrence
Form of JKKP 7 – Notification of poisonous and occupational diseases

JKKP 6 - LAPORAN MENGENAI KEMALANGAN/KEJADIAN BERBAHAYA JKKP 7 - LAPORAN MENGENAI KERACUNAN PEKERJAAN/PENYAKIT PEKERJAAN
PERATURAN-PERATURAN KESELAMATAN DAN KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN (PEMBERITAHUAN MENGENAI PERATURAN-PERATURAN KESELAMATAN DAN KESIHATAN PEKERJAAN (PEMBERITAHUAN MENGENAI
KEMALANGAN, KEJADIAN BERBAHAYA, KERACUNAN PEKERJAAN DAN PENYAKIT PEKERJAAN) 2004 KEMALANGAN, KEJADIAN BERBAHAYA, KERACUNAN PEKERJAAN DAN PENYAKIT PEKERJAAN) 2004

Bahagian A - Maklumat Pemberitahu Bahagian B - Orang yang terlibat Bahagian A1 Bahagian A2

Pemberitahu - Peraturan 5 (1)&(2) Majikan (Jika lebih dari seorang, sila gunakan borang berasingan ) Pemberitahu - Peraturan 7(1) Majikan Pemberitahu - Peraturan 7(2) Pengamal Perubatan Berdaftar
Jika lebih dari seorang, sila gunakan borang berasingan untuk setiap seorang.
Nama Nama Nama Nama
Jawatan Tarikh Lahir
Jawatan Jawatan
No K/P atau No. Paspot
Nama & Alamat Organisasi Warganegara Jantina L /P
Nama & Alamat Organisasi Alamat Klinik/Hospital
Pekerjaan
Nama & Alamat Organisasi

No.R.O.C. No. Pend. JKKP No. Telefon No. Telefon

Orang yang boleh dihubungi (Jika lain dari atas) Tempat Kejadian
No. R.O.C. No. Pend. JKKP
Kod Klasifikasi Industri (Jadual 3)
Orang yang boleh dihubungi (Jika lain dari atas)

[Link] Tarikh dan Masa Kejadian

Kod Klasifikasi Industri (Jadual 3) Tarikh Mula Lapor kepada JKKP

Bahagian C - Huraian kemalangan atau kejadian berbahaya Bahagian B - Orang yang Terlibat Bahagian C - Keracunan Pekerjaan/Penyakit
Sila huraikan apa yang berlaku sebelum, semasa dan selepas kejadian.
Nama Diagnosis/Diagnosis Sementara

Tarikh Lahir Tarikh Diagnosis

No. KP/No. Paspot
Warganegara Jantina L/P Nama & Alamat Doktor yang merawat
Pekerjaan
Nama & Alamat Organisasi

Lokasi Kejadian

Bahagian D
Huraian pekerjaan yang membawa kepada keracunan pekerjaan/penyakit pekerjaan (Sila huraikan sebarang kerja
yang dibuat oleh orang yang terlibat yang mungkin telah membawa kepada penyakit. Jika penyakit mungkin
disebabkan oleh pendedahan kepada sebarang agen semasa kerja, contoh kimia yang spesifik - sila nyatakan
Page agen berkenaan)
 EMERGENCY RESPONSE &
PREPAREDNESS
• Type and level of emergency
• CIMAH Reg. 1996 (control of industrial major
accident hazard)
• Emergency response plan and procedure (ERP)
– Develop ERP
– Flowchart of ERP
– Layout plan
– Important contact no.
• Emergency response team (ERT)
FIRE SAFETY
Four elements must exist to cause fire:
i. Fuel such as oil, paper, gas, etc.
ii. Enough heat such as open fire, spark of
fire, short circuit, friction, etc.
iii. Enough oxygen to cause fire.
iv. Continuous exothermic Reaction.
 Principle of Extinguishing Fire

Oxygen

Heat

Starving Cooling Fuel

Chemical
reaction

Disconnect the chemical

Smothering
reaction 73
CHAPTER 10
Miscellaneous
 PERFORMANCE MONITORING
• WORKPLACE INSPECTION
– By individual (e.g. SHO)
– By group (e.g. SHC)
• INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL AUDIT
– Internal audit
– External audit
• ACCIDENT STATISTIC & RECORD
• DOCUMENTATION
– Safety & health report
– Minute of meeting
– Health surveillance
 WELFARE FACILITIES
• First aid
• Medical treatment
• Site office and facilities
• Safe access and egress
• Sanitary
• Canteen and rest break
• Fire prevention facilities
• Safety, Health and Welfare Reg. 1970
 DEFINISI ALAM SEKITAR

Faktor-faktor fizikal disekeliling manusia

termasuklah tanah, air, udara, iklim, bunyi, bau,
rasa, faktor-faktor biologikal haiwan dan
tumbuhan serta faktor sosial estatika

Sumber: Akta Kualiti Alam Sekeliling,1974

© 2013 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights

77
reserved.
 ENVIRONMENT ISSUE
• AIR QUALITY
• WATER QUALITY
• NOISE EXPOSURE
• INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT
• SCHEDULED WASTE
• MOTOR VEHICLE
• EIA REPORT
• OPEN BURNING
• PUBLIC CONCERN
 PENGENALAN KEPADA PERUNDANGAN
ALAM SEKITAR
• Bertujuan untuk mencegah, menghapus dan
mengawal pencemaran untuk membaiki kualiti alam
sekeliling
• Keperluan perundangan termasuklah:
– Pencemaran udara
– Pencemaran bunyi bising
– Pencemaran tanah-tanih
– Pencemaran air
– Pembakaran terbuka
– Bahan buangan berjadual
79