Indian

wedding
traditions

Dosca Denisa
Jura Mihaela
Contents

1. Wedding Clothes;
2. Pre-wedding rituals;
3. The wedding ceremony;
4. Conclusion.
Indian culture is very versatile, as it
covers a vast territory and has a long
and colourful past. Hindu weddings,
also called ‘Vivaah’, are best known
for the grandeur, traditions, grace,
colors and almost carnival-type
celebration associated with this
sacred event. It is worth mentioning
that even though there are lots of
different traditions from city to
region, here are the most common of
them. There has been so much
already said about the rituals, layout
and dynamic parts of the wedding,
so we’d like to address the meaning
and essence behind
these fascinating rituals and the
cultural significance of centuries-old
traditions practiced during a Vivaah.
Wedding clothes

Sari and Dhoti

 Sari and Dhoti

In India, the wedding rituals and clothes make the wedding as much as that of the bride and her groom. Both
look their splendid best in gorgeous clothes. Not just the couple, but the guests attending the family and the
relatives are often seen dressed up to the teeth. The bride is dressed up in auspicious colors, whereas the
bridegroom is dressed to exude a regal aura. The bridesmaids and best men are often dressed on a par with the
bride and the groom. But they are toned down a bit because the day belongs to the couple. All the folks
attending the marriage are decked out with gold jewelry including the bride and sometimes the groom. The
ladies are additionally adorned with henna patterns all over their palms, hands, forearms, legs and feet.
Sometimes henna patterns are replaced with alta designs which are short lived and easily removable.
Indian weddings generally tend to continue for several days and new attire is worn each day. All these dresses
and the color symbolize the meaning of marriage and the period that follows it. Indian wedding is one that
gives more importance to details like different rituals and the various attires one wears to attend them.
Sari and Dhoti
Pre-wedding
rituals
Pitthi and Mehendi
Pitthi

Pitthi is an auspicious ritual performed for good luck. Pitthi is a

paste made mainly of turmeric, chickpea flour and rose water.
Family members and well-wishers of the bride and groom apply
the paste on the bride/groom’s skin. This yellow paste is thought
to brighten and even the skin tone and is applied one of the days
prior to the wedding ceremony.
The Pitthi ritual
Mehendi

The Mehndi event is a colorful and fun celebration held the night
before the wedding, which is traditionally celebrated by the
women on the bride’s side of the family. Generally, a professional
mehndi artist or relative will apply henna in intricate designs to
the hands and feet of the bride and other women in the family.
These intricate designs symbolize joy, beauty, spiritual awakening
and offering. The bride’s mehendi sometimes goes half way to her
knees. There is music, dance and full “Bollywood tamasha!”
The Mehendi ritual
The wedding
ceremony
Baraat

Baraat (The groom’s procession): Accompanied by his family and

friends in a festive procession known as the baraat, the groom
arrives at the entrance of the wedding venue on a horse. The
procession consists of his family and friends singing and dancing
around him to music generally played by a professional dhol (large
bass drum) player. The baraat is met by the bride’s family at the
entrance to the wedding venue. It symbolizes the pleasure and
happiness of the Groom’s family in accepting the bride as a part of
their family; as their very own.
The Baraat procession
Milni

Milni (Meeting of the two families): The bride’s mother greets

the groom with a welcoming ritual. Relatives of the bride and
groom embrace and greet each other with garlands. The bride’s
family then escorts the groom to the mandap, a canopied altar
where the ceremony is performed. The mandap represents the
home that the bride and groom will make together.
The Milni procession
Ganesh Puja

Ganesh Puja (Prayer to Lord

Ganesh): The ceremony
begins with a worship of Lord
Ganesh, the destroyer of all
obstacles. The priest guides
the groom and bride’s parents
in offering flowers, sweets
and prayer to Lord Ganesh.
Kanya Aagman

Kanya Aagaman (Arrival of

the Bride): The bride enters
the hall and is escorted to the
mandap by her maternal uncle
and aunt, signifying that the
bride’s maternal side approves
of the union. In other parts of
India, the bride is escorted by
her sisters, cousins and close
female friends.
Jai Mala

Jai Mala (Exchange of

Garlands): Once the
bride approaches the
mandap, the bride and
groom exchange floral
garlands, signifying their
acceptance of one
another.
Kanyadaan
Hasta Melap
Kanyadaan and Hasta Melap (Giving Away of the Bride): At this
point, the bride’s father pours sacred water in his daughter’s
hand and places her hand in the groom’s hand, officially giving
away his most precious gift to the groom. The groom’s sister or
cousin then ties the end of the groom’s scarf to the bride’s sari
with betelnuts, copper coins and rice, symbolizing unity,
prosperity and happiness. The knot represents the eternal bond
of marriage.
Kanyadaan and Hasta Melap
rituals
Vivah Havan

Vivah Havan (Lighting of

the Sacred Fire): The priest
then lights the sacred fire
or Agni. Agni symbolizes
the divine presence as a
witness of the ceremony.
Commitments made in the
presence of Agni are made
in the presence of God.
 Mangal Phere

Mangal Phere (Circling the Sacred Fire): The bride and groom walk around the sacred fire
seven times keeping in mind the four aspirations in life: Dharma (duty to each other, family
and God), Artha (prosperity), Karma (energy and passion) and Moksha (salvation). The
bride, representing divine energy, leads the groom in the first three rounds, while the
groom leads in the last four rounds, signifying balance and completeness. In some cultures,
the bride and groom walk around the fire four times, with the bride leading in the first
three rounds, and the groom leading in the final round. The bride’s brother places rice
grains in her hands after she completes each round to signify his pledge to always support
and protect her in times of need. Once the couple has completed the four rounds, there’s a
race to see who will sit down first. It is said that whoever sits down first will rule the house.
Mangal Phere procession
 Saptapadi

Saptapadi (The Seven Sacred Steps): This is the most beautiful part of an Indian
wedding. It has so much depth, purpose and meaning. The couple takes seven steps
together, taking a sacred vow with each step:
1. Together we will live with respect for one another;
2. Together we will develop mental, physical and spiritual balance;
3. Together we will prosper, acquire wealth and share our accomplishments;
4. Together we will acquire happiness, harmony and knowledge through mutual love;
5. Together we will raise strong, virtuous children;
6. Together we will be faithful to one another and exercise self-restraint and longevity;
7. Together we will remain lifelong partners and achieve salvation.
The Saptapadi ritual
When they return to their seats, the bride will move to
sit on the groom’s left side, taking the closest possible
position to the groom’s heart. The groom then offers the
bride lifelong protection by placing a mangalsutra, or
sacred necklace made of black and gold beads, around
her neck and applying sindoor (red vermillion powder)
on the crown of her forehead. These two offerings
signify the bride’s status as a married woman and the
grooms devotion to the bride. The bride and groom also
exchange rings at this time and feed each other sweets.
Aashirvaad

Aashirvaad (Blessings for the Married Couple): Women from

both families whisper blessings into the bride’s ear. The couple
then bows down to the priest, their parents and elder relatives to
receive their final blessings. The guests shower the newlywed
couple with flowers and rice to wish them a long and happy
marriage.
Bidaai

Bidaai (Going away of the

Bride to the Groom’s house)
– The bride says her final
goodbye to her family and
the father gives his prized
possession to the Groom’s
father. The procession ends
joyfully, yet is often
bittersweet for those closest
to the Bride and Groom.
Conclusion
 Indian culture is various due to its vast territory, its
history, and its cultural, social, and religious structures.
Even though there are many traditions and customs
scattered around the country, the ones that we’ve
picked up are the ones that are most frequently met
and used.
We believe that with it’s many customs (especially the
Conclusion
wedding ones), Indian culture will be able to preserve
itself for another thousand years, and will attract many
curious eyes from all around the world.