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Radiographic Film Quality Factors

The quality of radiographic films depends on factors like density, gradient, graininess, and fog, which are determined by the film type and development process. Faster films have larger grain and lower gradient. Film gradient or contrast refers to the slope of the characteristic curve, with a steeper slope indicating higher contrast. Graininess is inherent to the emulsion but can be influenced by exposure and development conditions. Radiographic films have multiple layers including a cellulose base, subbing layer, emulsion, and protective supercoat. The advantages of double coated films include improved contrast and reduced exposure time.

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52 views11 pages

Radiographic Film Quality Factors

The quality of radiographic films depends on factors like density, gradient, graininess, and fog, which are determined by the film type and development process. Faster films have larger grain and lower gradient. Film gradient or contrast refers to the slope of the characteristic curve, with a steeper slope indicating higher contrast. Graininess is inherent to the emulsion but can be influenced by exposure and development conditions. Radiographic films have multiple layers including a cellulose base, subbing layer, emulsion, and protective supercoat. The advantages of double coated films include improved contrast and reduced exposure time.

Uploaded by

maxpan max
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© All Rights Reserved
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CHAPTER

Radiographic Films
 The quality of the radiograph depends mainly on film
density, gradient, graininess, and fog, which are
functions of film type and development procedure. The
faster the film, the larger the graininess and the lower
the gradient--and vice versa.
 Film gradient, also called film contrast, is a measure of
the slope of the characteristic curve. If the difference is
great, the gradient (contrast) is said to be high. If the
difference is slight, the gradient is said to be low.
 Graininess is an inherent property of the emulsion, but
can be influenced somewhat by the conditions of
exposure and development.
Radiographic Film

Base
cellulose acetate / polyester

Base must be :-
• Transparent - To allow white light to go through
• Chemically inert
• Must not be susceptible to expansion and contraction
• High tensile strength
• Flexibility
Radiographic Film

Subbing
Base

Subbing
The film base is usually tinted blue and is about 0.18 mm
thick. A very thin but tough coating of gelatin called a
protective overcoat covers the emulsion to protect it
against minor abrasion. The total thickness of the x-ray
film is approximately 0.23 mm
Subbing layer -the adhesive between the emulsion and base
Radiographic Film

Supercoat

Subbing

Subbing

Supercoat
Film emulsion structure
 AgNo3(Aq) + KBr(Aq) AgBr(s)+KNo3(Aq)
 A crystal of silver bromide is a regular cubic array
of silver & bromide ions. The average dia of a
grain is [Link] is a FCC structure of a
crystal.
The film can be exposed by the direct action of X-rays, but more commonly
the X-ray energy is converted into light by intensifying screens and this light is
used to expose the film.
Radiographic Film

What are the advantages of


Double Coated Film?

• Improve contrast
• Reduce the exposure time
Image formation
When radiation passes through an object it is differentially
absorbed depending upon the materials thickness and any
differing densities
The portions of radiographic film that receive sufficient
amounts of radiation undergo minute changes to produce
the latent image (hidden image)
1. The silver halide crystals are partially converted into
metallic silver to produce the latent image
2. The affected crystals are the amplified by the
developer, the developer completely converts the
affected crystals into black metallic silver
3. The radiograph attains its final appearance by fixation
Film Types
Grain Size Speed Quality Film factor
Coarse Fast Poor 10
Medium Medium Medium 35
Fine Slow Good 90
Ultra [Link] [Link] 200

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